, also known as Kojima Domain, Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). ''Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon''; Papinot, (2003)
"Matsudaira (Takiwaki)" at ''Nobiliare du Japon'', p. 31
retrieved 2013-7-11. was a Japanese

domain A domain is a geographic area controlled by a single person or organization. Domain may also refer to: Law and human geography * Demesne, in English common law and other Medieval European contexts, lands directly managed by their holder rather ...

of the

Edo period The , also known as the , is the period between 1600 or 1603 and 1868 in the history of Japan, when the country was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and some 300 regional ''daimyo'', or feudal lords. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengok ...

. It was located in

Suruga Province was an Provinces of Japan, old province in the area that is today the central part of Shizuoka Prefecture. Suruga bordered on Izu Province, Izu, Kai Province, Kai, Sagami Province, Sagami, Shinano Province, Shinano, and Tōtōmi Province, Tōtōm ...

in what is now part of modern-day Shimizu Ward of the city of Shizuoka,

Shizuoka Prefecture is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshu. Shizuoka Prefecture has a population of 3,555,818 and has a geographic area of . Shizuoka Prefecture borders Kanagawa Prefecture to the east, Yamanashi Pref ...

History

In May 1689, Matsudaira Nobunari, the adopted son of the

castellan A castellan, or constable, was the governor of a castle in medieval Europe. Its surrounding territory was referred to as the castellany. The word stems from . A castellan was almost always male, but could occasionally be female, as when, in 1 ...

Sunpu Castle is a Japanese castle in Shizuoka City, Shizuoka Prefecture in Japan. The sobriquet of this feudal fortress was the "Castle of the Floating Isle".Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)Shizuoka It was also referred to as or . Hist ...

, and a ''

wakadoshiyori The ', or "Junior Elders", were high government officials in the Edo period Japan under the Tokugawa shogunate (1603-1867). The position was established around 1633, but appointments were irregular until 1662. The four to six ''wakadoshiyori'' we ...

'' in the

Tokugawa Shogunate The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. The Tokugawa shogunate was established by Tokugawa Ieyasu after victory at the Battle of Sekigahara, ending the civil wars ...

was elevated from his former ''

hatamoto A was a high ranking samurai in the direct service of the Tokugawa shogunate of feudal Japan. While all three of the Shōgun, shogunates in History of Japan, Japanese history had official retainers, in the two preceding ones, they were referred ...

'' status of 4000 ''

koku The is a Chinese-based Japanese unit of volume. One koku is equivalent to 10 or approximately , or about of rice. It converts, in turn, to 100 shō and 1,000 gō. One ''gō'' is the traditional volume of a single serving of rice (before co ...

'', to ''

daimyō were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji era, Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast hereditary land holdings. They were subordinate to the shogun and no ...

'' status of 10,000 ''koku'', and assigned the territory of Ojima, to the east of Sunpu, to be his domain. He was also authorized to start his own branch of the

Matsudaira clan The was a Japanese samurai clan that descended from the Minamoto clan. It originated in and took its name from Matsudaira village, in Mikawa Province (modern-day Aichi Prefecture). During the Sengoku period, the chieftain of the main line of the ...

, the . During the period of the 4th ''daimyō'', Matsudaira Masanobu, the domain faced bankruptcy, which he attempted to resolve with such a large increase in taxes that its peasants rose in a revolt in 1768. Fiscal problems continued over the years, with the 8th ''daimyō'', Matsudaira Nobumoto publishing a tract attempting the explain to both his retainers and his peasants on the need for high taxes and fiscal restraint. The 9th ''daimyō'', Matsudaira Nobuyuki, made all industry within the domain a government monopoly, and sold off permits to raise money. During the

Bakumatsu period were the final years of the Edo period when the Tokugawa shogunate ended. Between 1853 and 1867, under foreign diplomatic and military pressure, Japan ended its isolationist foreign policy known as and changed from a feudal Tokugawa shogunat ...

, the 11th (and final) ''daimyō'', Matsudaira Nobutoshi, sided with the new

Meiji government The was the government that was formed by politicians of the Satsuma Domain and Chōshū Domain in the 1860s. The Meiji government was the early government of the Empire of Japan. Politicians of the Meiji government were known as the Meiji ...

in the

Boshin War The , sometimes known as the Japanese Revolution or Japanese Civil War, was a civil war in Japan fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and a coalition seeking to seize political power in the name of the Impe ...

of 1867. The domain was abolished with the creation of

Shizuoka Domain was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan. The domain centered at Sunpu Castle is what is now the Aoi-ku, Shizuoka. From 1869 it was briefly called . History During the Muromachi period, Sunpu was the capital of the ...

for the retired ex-

Shōgun , officially , was the title of the military rulers of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, except during parts of the Kamak ...

Tokugawa Yoshinobu Kazoku, Prince was the 15th and last ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. He was part of a movement which aimed to reform the aging shogunate, but was ultimately unsuccessful. He resigned his position as shogun in late 1867, while ai ...

, and Nobutoshi was transferred to the newly formed Sakurai Domain in

Kazusa province was a province of Japan in the area of modern Chiba Prefecture. The province was located in the middle of the Bōsō Peninsula, whose name takes its first ''kanji'' from the name of Awa Province and its second from Kazusa and Shimōsa province ...

in July 1869.

Ojima ''jin'ya''

The site of the Ojima ''jin'ya'' is located on a

river terrace Fluvial terraces are elongated terraces that flank the sides of floodplains and fluvial valleys all over the world. They consist of a relatively level strip of land, called a "tread", separated from either an adjacent floodplain, other fluvial t ...

on the right bank of the Okitsu River at an elevation of 60 meters, overlooking the road to Mount Minobu and Kai Province. Altogether Ojma Domain was only 20,000 ''koku'' and was thus not permitted a castle, the stone ramparts were constructed in the same manner as a small

Japanese castle are fortresses constructed primarily of wood and stone. They evolved from the wooden stockades of earlier centuries and came into their best-known form in the 16th century. Castles in Japan were built to guard important or strategic sites, such a ...

and reach the height of four meters in places. After the Meiji restoration, the ''jin'ya'' building was used as an elementary school before it was demolished in 1928. The site was later used for a public hall by Ojima village. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1979.

Holdings at the end of the Edo period

As with most domains in the

han system (, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the Estate (land), estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji (era), Meiji period (1868–1912).Louis Frédéric, Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Han"in ''Japan Encycloped ...

, Ojima Domain consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned ''

kokudaka refers to a system for determining land value for taxation purposes under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo-period Japan, and expressing this value in terms of ''koku'' of rice. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Koku"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 5 ...

'', based on periodic

cadastral A cadastre or cadaster ( ) is a comprehensive recording of the real estate or real property's metes and bounds, metes-and-bounds of a country.Jo Henssen, ''Basic Principles of the Main Cadastral Systems in the World,'/ref> Often it is represente ...

surveys and projected agricultural yields.Elison, George and Bardwell L. Smith (1987)
''Warlords, Artists, & Commoners: Japan in the Sixteenth Century,'' p. 18
All of the domain's territory was within Suruga Province. * 13 villages in Ihara District * 12 villages in Abe District * 6 villages in Udo District

List of daimyō

Matsudaira (Takiwaki) clan, 1704-1868 ('' fudai''; 10,000 ''

'') :

Matsudaira Nobunari

was the 1st ''daimyō'' of Ojima Domain. He was a younger son of Matsudaira Tsukenobu of

Sasayama Domain file:Tadayuki Aoyama.jpg, 250px, Aoyama Tadayuki, final ''daimyō'' of Sasayama was a Han (Japan), feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Tanba Province in what is now the west-central portion of modern-day ...

and was adopted by his great-uncle, Matsudaira Shigenobu, who was the 6000 ''koku'' ''Sunpu jōdai'' in 1671. He rose through various minor positions within the shogun administration and by 1689 had amassed 10,000 ''koku'', which qualified him for the rank of ''daimyō''. However, he died in 1690 at the age of 36. His wife was a daughter of Matudaira Norimasa of

Komoro Domain was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan. It is located in Shinano Province, Honshū. The domain was centered at Komoro Castle, located in what is now part of the city of Komoro in Nagano Prefecture.Shitaya, Taito, Tokyo.

Matsudaira Nobuharu

was the 2nd ''daimyō'' of Ojima Domain. He was the son of Toda Shigetsuna, a 6400 ''koku'' ''

'' and his mother was the younger sister of Matsudaira Nobunari. He was posthumously adopted on Nobunari's death, becoming ''daimyō'' in 1690. He moved the ''

jin'ya A was a type of administrative headquarters in the Tokugawa Shogunate during the Edo period of Japanese history. ''Jin'ya'' served as the seat of the administration for a small domain, a province, or additional parcels of land. ''Jin'ya'' ho ...

'' to its present location in Ojima, so technically, he is actually the 1st ''daimyō'' of Ojima Domain. He served in the shogunate administration as a page, and later as ''Obangashira''. His wife was a daughter of Tamura Tatsuaki of Ichinoseki Domain; however, both of his sons died in childhood. His grave is at the temple of Eishin-ji in Shitaya, Taito, Tokyo.

Matsudaira Nobutaka

was the 3rd ''daimyō'' of Ojima Domain. He was the sixth son of Matsudaira Nabutsune of

, the brother sister of Matsudaira Nobunari. He was adopted by Matsudaira Nobuharu in 1721 and became ''daimyō'' on Nobuharu's death in 1724. During his brief tenure he attempted to improve on the domain's financial situation by aggressively collecting taxes, but to no avail. He died in 1731 at the age of 22. His grave is at the temple of Eishin-ji in Shitaya, Taito, Tokyo.

Matsudaira Shigenobu

, also known as Matsudaira Masanobu was the 4th ''daimyō'' of Ojima Domain. He was born in Ojima the eldest son of Matsudaira Nobutaka. He became ''daimyō'' in 1731. During his tenure he attempted to improve on the domain's financial situation by aggressively collecting taxes, opening new rice lands, increasing corvee labor, to the extent that when he was away as ''Osaka kaban'' in 1764, the peasants of the domain rose in revolt. He was forced to curtail the reform program in 1765. His wife was a daughter of Matsudaira Tadataka of Anegasaki Domain. His grave is at the temple of Ryoshin-ji in

Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka is the easternmost of the three Wards of Japan, wards of the city of Shizuoka (city), Shizuoka in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. History Shimizu-ku was created on April 1, 2005, when Shizuoka became a city designated by government ordinance (a " ...

Matsudaira Nobunori

, also known as Matsudaira Masanobu was the 6th ''daimyō'' of Ojima Domain. He was the eldest son of Hori Naotaka of Muramatsu Domain and was adopted as heir by marriage to Matsudaira Shigenobu's daughter. He became ''daimyō'' in 1771 on Shigenobu's death. During his tenure, a popular ''

Kibyōshi is a Genre literature, genre of produced during the middle of the Edo period (1603–1867), from 1775 to the early 19th century. Physically identifiable by their yellow-backed covers, were typically printed in 10-page volumes, many spanning tw ...

'' was published in

Edo Edo (), also romanized as Jedo, Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of Tokyo. Edo, formerly a (castle town) centered on Edo Castle located in Musashi Province, became the '' de facto'' capital of Japan from 1603 as the seat of the Tokugawa shogu ...

by Koikawa Harumachi which was highly satirical of the shogunal administration. This came to the attention of the authorities, who discovered that "Koikawa Tarumachi" was a pen-name for Kurahashi Itaru, one of Nobunori's senior retainers. Nobunari was forced to retire in 1800 and died a year later. His grave is at the temple of Eishin-ji in Shitaya, Taito, Tokyo.

Matsudaira Nobukado

was the 6th ''daimyō'' of Ojima Domain. He was the eldest son of Matsudaira Nobunori and became ''daimyō'' in 1780 on his father's forced retirement. He was a noted author. He retired in 1815. His wife was a daughter of Ooka Tadayoshi of

Iwatsuki Domain was a Han (Japan), feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, in Musashi Province (modern-day Saitama Prefecture), Japan. It was centered on Iwatsuki Castle in what is now part of Iwatsuki-ku, Saitama. History Iwatsuki was a ...

. He died in 1820 at the age of 45. His grave is at the temple of Eishin-ji in Shitaya, Taito, Tokyo.

Matsudaira Nobutomo

was the 7th ''daimyō'' of Ojima Domain. He was the eldest son of Matsudaira Nobukado and became ''daimyō'' in 1815 on his father's retirement. He published tomes asking for cooperation between the samurai and peasants for fiscal reforms of the domain. Citing ill heath, he retired in 1836. His wife was a daughter of Aoyama Yukitaka of Gujō Domain. he died in 1848 and the age of 52. His grave is at the temple of Eishin-ji in Shitaya, Taito, Tokyo.

Matsudaira Nobumasu

was the 8th ''daimyō'' of Ojima Domain. He was the sixth son of Matsudaira Nobuyuki of

Kameyama Domain Kameyama may refer to: * Emperor Kameyama (1249–1305), emperor of Japan 1259–1274 *Kameyama, Mie 260px, Seki-juku (Tōkaidō) is a city located in northern Mie Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 49,457 in 21,745 ...

and was adopted as heir via marriage to a daughter of Matsudaira Nobutomo. He became ''daimyō'' in 1836 on Matsudaira Nobutomo's retirement. During his tenure, the domain had to cope with the effects of the

Tenpō famine The Tenpō famine (天保の飢饉, ''Tenpō no kikin''), also known as the Great Tenpō famine (天保の大飢饉, ''Tenpō no daikikin''), was a famine that affected Japan during the Edo period. Considered to have lasted from 1833 to 1837, it ...

. He retired in 1851 and died in 1873 at the age of 66. His grave is at the temple of Eishin-ji in Shitaya, Taito, Tokyo.

Matsudaira Nobuyuki

was the 9th ''daimyō'' of Ojima Domain. He was the second son of Matsudaira Naritsune of

Matsue Domain 270px, Surviving walls and moat of Matsue Castle 270px, Matsudaira Sadayasu, final ''daimyō'' of Matsue was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, in what is now eastern Shimane Prefecture. It was centered around ...

and was married to a daughter Matsudaira Nobuyuki of

. When Matsudaira Nobumasu retired in 1851, he was adopted as heir and became ''daimyō'' of Ojima. During his tenure, over concerns of foreign invasion raised by the

Perry Expedition ] The Perry Expedition (, , "Arrival of the Black Ships") was a diplomatic and military expedition in two separate voyages (1852–1853 and 1854–1855) to the Tokugawa shogunate () by warships of the United States Navy. The goals of this expedit ...

, he did what he could increase the domain's meagre military capability. He died in 1863 at the age of 51. His grave is at the temple of Eishin-ji in Shitaya, Taito, Tokyo.

Matsudaira Nobufumi

was the 10th ''daimyō'' of Ojima Domain. He was the third son of Matsudaira Nobutomo and became ''daimyō'' in 1863 on the sudden death of Matsudaira Nobuyuki. However, he died only a year later at the age of 19. His grave is at the temple of Eishin-ji in Shitaya, Taito, Tokyo.

Takiwaki Nobutoshi

was the 11th (and final) ''daimyō'' of Ojima Domain. He was the ninth son of

Naitō Yoriyasu was the 7th Naitō ''daimyō'' of Takatō Domain in Shinano Province, Honshū, Japan (modern-day Nagano Prefecture) and 12th hereditary chieftain of the Takatō-Naitō clan. His courtesy title was ''Ōsumi-no-kami'', later ''Yamato-no-kami'' and ...

of Takatō Domain and was adopted posthumously as heir to Matsudaira Nobufumi in 1864. The domain played no part the

. After the

Meiji restoration The , referred to at the time as the , and also known as the Meiji Renovation, Revolution, Regeneration, Reform, or Renewal, was a political event that restored Imperial House of Japan, imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji. Althoug ...

was granted Suruga Domain, and Nobutoshi was ordered to transfer to the newly created Sakurai Domain in

Kazusa Province was a province of Japan in the area of modern Chiba Prefecture. The province was located in the middle of the Bōsō Peninsula, whose name takes its first ''kanji'' from the name of Awa Province and its second from Kazusa and Shimōsa province ...

with the same ''

'' in 1868. He changed his surname from "Matsudaira" to "Takiwaki" to distance himself from the former regime. The new ''

'' was completed in 1869, and he resided in Kazusa as Imperial Governor of Sakurai until the

abolition of the han system The in the Empire of Japan and its replacement by a system of prefectures in 1871 was the culmination of the Meiji Restoration begun in 1868, the starting year of the Meiji period. Under the reform, all daimyos (, ''daimyō'', feudal lords) ...

in 1871. In 1879 he was sent as a government official to

Okinawa Prefecture is the southernmost and westernmost prefecture of Japan. It consists of three main island groups—the Okinawa Islands, the Sakishima Islands, and the Daitō Islands—spread across a maritime zone approximately 1,000 kilometers east to west an ...

. In 1884 he was elevated to

viscount A viscount ( , for male) or viscountess (, for female) is a title used in certain European countries for a noble of varying status. The status and any domain held by a viscount is a viscounty. In the case of French viscounts, the title is ...

(''shishaku'') in the new ''

kazoku The was the hereditary peerage of the Empire of Japan, which existed between 1869 and 1947. It was formed by merging the feudal lords (''Daimyo, daimyō'') and court nobles (''kuge'') into one system modelled after the British peerage. Distin ...

'' peerage system. He died in 1887 at the age of 37. His grave is at the temple of Eishin-ji in Shitaya, Taito, Tokyo.

References

External links

"Ojima" at Edo 300

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ojima Domain Domains of Japan 1689 establishments in Japan 1868 disestablishments in Japan Suruga Province Matsudaira clan Historic Sites of Japan