İzmit Bay Bridge
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The Osman Gazi Bridge () is a
suspension bridge A suspension bridge is a type of bridge in which the deck (bridge), deck is hung below suspension wire rope, cables on vertical suspenders. The first modern examples of this type of bridge were built in the early 1800s. Simple suspension bridg ...
spanning the
Gulf of İzmit Gulf of İzmit (), also referred to as İzmit Bay, is a bay at the easternmost edge of the Sea of Marmara, in Kocaeli Province, Turkey. The gulf takes its name from the city of İzmit. Other cities and towns around the bay are Gebze, Körfez, ...
at its narrowest point, . The bridge links the Turkish city of
Gebze Gebze (), formerly known as Libyssa, is a municipality and district of Kocaeli Province, Turkey. Its area is 418 km2, and its population is 407,019 (2022). It is situated 65 km (30 mi) southeast of Istanbul, on the Gulf of Izmit, ...
to the
Yalova Province Yalova Province () is a Provinces of Turkey, province in northwestern Turkey, on the eastern coast of the Sea of Marmara. Its adjacent provinces are Bursa Province, Bursa to the south and Kocaeli Province, Kocaeli to the east. Its area is 798  ...
and carries the O-5 motorway across the gulf. The bridge was opened on 1 July 2016 to become the then-longest suspension bridge in Turkey and the fourth-longest (ninth-longest as of 2025) suspension bridge in the world by the length of its central span. The length of the bridge was surpassed by the
Çanakkale 1915 Bridge Çanakkale is a city and seaport in Turkey on the southern shore of the Dardanelles at their narrowest point. It is the seat of Çanakkale Province and Çanakkale District.Dardanelles The Dardanelles ( ; ; ), also known as the Strait of Gallipoli (after the Gallipoli peninsula) and in classical antiquity as the Hellespont ( ; ), is a narrow, natural strait and internationally significant waterway in northwestern Turkey th ...
strait, which became the longest suspension bridge in the world when it was opened on 18 March 2022.


Project

Construction and operation of the bridge was awarded to a joint venture (NOMAYG JV) formed by five Turkish companies ( Nurol, Özaltın, Makyol, Yüksel and Gocay) and one
Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, a Romance ethnic group related to or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance languag ...
construction company
Astaldi Astaldi S.p.A. is an Italian multinational major construction company based in Rome. The group is active in the fields of civil engineering, hydraulic engineering, electromechanical engineering and transportation. Significant subsidiaries incl ...
following the international
Build–operate–transfer Build–operate–transfer (BOT) or build–own–operate–transfer (BOOT) is a form of project delivery method, usually for large-scale infrastructure projects, wherein a private entity receives a concession (contract), concession from the public ...
tender that took place in April 2009. In 2010, a contract was signed for the project that was estimated to cost
₺ The lira (; Currency sign, sign: Turkish lira sign, ₺; ISO 4217, ISO 4217 code: TRY; abbreviation: TL) is the official currency of Turkey. It is also legal tender in the ''de facto'' state of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. One lira i ...
11 billion for the entire highway from
Gebze Gebze (), formerly known as Libyssa, is a municipality and district of Kocaeli Province, Turkey. Its area is 418 km2, and its population is 407,019 (2022). It is situated 65 km (30 mi) southeast of Istanbul, on the Gulf of Izmit, ...
to
Bursa Bursa () is a city in northwestern Turkey and the administrative center of Bursa Province. The fourth-most populous city in Turkey and second-most populous in the Marmara Region, Bursa is one of the industrial centers of the country. Most of ...
. On 30 March 2013 Prime minister
Recep Tayyip ErdoÄŸan Recep Tayyip ErdoÄŸan (born 26 February 1954) is a Turkish politician who is the 12th and current president of Turkey since 2014. He previously served as the 25th prime minister of Turkey, prime minister from 2003 to 2014 as part of the Jus ...
laid the ground stone for the bridge. After the completion of the bridge, the distance between Istanbul and
İzmir İzmir is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, third most populous city in Turkey, after Istanbul and Ankara. It is on the Aegean Sea, Aegean coast of Anatolia, and is the capital of İzmir Province. In 2024, the city of İzmir had ...
shortened by about , bypassing the lengthy distance around the
Gulf of İzmit Gulf of İzmit (), also referred to as İzmit Bay, is a bay at the easternmost edge of the Sea of Marmara, in Kocaeli Province, Turkey. The gulf takes its name from the city of İzmit. Other cities and towns around the bay are Gebze, Körfez, ...
. The highway and bridge reduced the travel time between the two major cities from around six hours to five. The bridge and connecting highway provides three lanes of traffic in each direction. Construction was completed on 30 June 2016. Two lanes of
high-speed railway High-speed rail (HSR) is a type of rail transport network utilising trains that run significantly faster than those of traditional rail, using an integrated system of specialised rolling stock and dedicated railway track, tracks. While there is ...
were also planned to run through the middle of the bridge, but were scrapped in favor for a fourth lane for both ways. The decision lead to criticism and sparked people being suspicious of politicians being involved with automobile lobbyists.


EPC Bridge Contractor

The US$1 billion privately financed bridge was awarded to the Japanese firm IHI Infrastructure System Co. on 16 July 2011 as EPC basis with FIDIC Silverbook contract. IHI, which was one of the contractors of second Bosphorus bridge, also completed the seismic reinforcement projects for Halic and Mecidiyekoy viaducts. IHI subcontracted the design works to Danish engineering design firm
COWI A/S COWI A/S is an international consulting group, specializing in engineering, environmental science and economics, with headquarters located in Lyngby, Denmark. It has been involved in more than 50,000 projects in 175 countries and has approximat ...
, which collaborated for the aesthetic design with
Dissing+Weitling Dissing+Weitling is an architecture and design practice in Copenhagen, Denmark. The founders and namesakes Hans Dissing and Otto Weitling founded the firm upon the death of Arne Jacobsen as a continuation of his office where both had been key emplo ...
. Notice to proceed was given by NOMAYG JV to IHI on 1 January 2013 and the expected total project duration was 37 months. The dimensions are: * main span length: * side spans length: * clearance: * tower height: * tower size (at the base): * deck size: The 34,000 tons of steel used to build the bridge was obtained from Liberty Galați, Romania. The bridge is fourth longest suspension bridge in the world.


Accident at construction site

On 21 March 2015 a
catwalk A fashion show is an event put on by a fashion designer to showcase their upcoming line of clothing and/or accessories during a fashion week. Fashion shows debut every season, particularly the spring/summer and fall/winter seasons. This is where ...
broke away from its bolted joint
cable Cable may refer to: Mechanical * Nautical cable, an assembly of three or more ropes woven against the weave of the ropes, rendering it virtually waterproof * Wire rope, a type of rope that consists of several strands of metal wire laid into a hel ...
on the south tower during the construction at the bridge and fell into the water. Added in February 2015, the catwalk was needed to allow workers access to the other side of the bay. No one was harmed by the accident as work was interrupted at this section due to windy weather. Marine traffic to and from İzmit Bay was suspended following the accident for security reasons and resumed after recovering the cable in the morning of 23 March. Kishi Ryoichi, the 51-year-old Japanese engineer of the IHI-
Itochu is a Japanese corporation based in Umeda, Kita-ku, Osaka and Aoyama, Minato, Tokyo, Aoyama, Minato, Tokyo. It is one of the largest Japanese ''sogo shosha'' (general trading and investment companies) distinguished by the strength of its textil ...
Consortium, who was in charge of the construction at site, committed suicide after the accident. He was found dead at the entrance of a cemetery near his lodging in Altınova. He left a note saying that "...this failure ends my private and professional life. This project was mine and my country's pride. No one else is responsible for this failure."


Tolls

As of 13 May 2023 the bridge tolls are (forex rate of 15 June 2023: USDTRY=23.67):


In popular culture

The five-time Supersport World champion
Kenan Sofuoğlu Kenan Sofuoğlu (born 25 August 1984 in Kuzuluk, Akyazı) is a Turkish parliamentarian and former professional motorcycle racer. He holds a record five Supersport World Championship titles (2007, 2010, 2012, 2015 and 2016). Sofuoğlu also compet ...
from Turkey made a show of a motorcycle speed trial in the early morning of 30 June 2016, right before the official opening of the bridge. He crossed the distance in 26 seconds reaching a top speed of on his Kawasaki Ninja H2R track-only motorcycle.


See also

*
Bosphorus Bridge The Bosphorus Bridge (), known officially as the 15 July Martyrs Bridge () and colloquially as the First Bridge (), is the oldest and southernmost of the three suspension bridges spanning the Bosphorus strait (Turkish: ''Boğaziçi'') in Ist ...
*
Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge The Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge ("Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror Bridge"; , abbreviated as ''F.S.M. Köprüsü''), also known as the Second Bosphorus Bridge (), is a bridge in Istanbul, Turkey spanning the Bosphorus strait (Turkish: ''Boğaziçi'') ...
*
Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge The Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge (), also known as the Third Bosphorus Bridge'','' is a vehicular bridge over the Bosphorus strait, to the north of Istanbul's two older suspension bridges, the 15 July Martyrs Bridge being the First Bosphorus Bridge ...
*
Çanakkale 1915 Bridge Çanakkale is a city and seaport in Turkey on the southern shore of the Dardanelles at their narrowest point. It is the seat of Çanakkale Province and Çanakkale District.Eurasia Tunnel The Eurasia Tunnel () is a road tunnel in Istanbul, Turkey, crossing underneath the Bosphorus Strait. The tunnel was officially opened on 20 December 2016 and opened to traffic on 22 December 2016. The double-deck tunnel connects Kumkapı o ...
, undersea tunnel, crossing the Bosphorus for vehicular traffic, opened in December 2016. *
Marmaray Marmaray () is a commuter rail line located in Istanbul, Turkey. The line runs from Halkalı, on the European side, to Gebze, on the Asian side, along the north shore of the Sea of Marmara. Mostly using the right-of-way of two existing com ...
, undersea rail tunnel connecting the Asian and European sides of Istanbul. * Great Istanbul Tunnel, a proposed three-level road-rail undersea tunnel. *
Public transport in Istanbul Public transport in Istanbul comprises a bus network, various Rail transport, rail systems, funiculars, and sea, maritime services to serve the more than 15 million inhabitants of the city spread over an area of . History Public road transpor ...
*
Rail transport in Turkey Turkey has a state-owned railway system built to standard gauge () which falls under the remit of the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure (Turkey), Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure. The primary rail carrier is the ''Türkiye C ...
*
Turkish Straits The Turkish Straits () are two internationally significant waterways in northwestern Turkey. The Straits create a series of international passages that connect the Aegean and Mediterranean seas to the Black Sea. They consist of the Dardanelles ...


References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Osmangazi Bridge Bridges completed in 2016 Sea of Marmara Road bridges in Turkey Toll bridges in Turkey Suspension bridges in Turkey Buildings and structures in Kocaeli Province Gebze Buildings and structures in Yalova Province Transport in Kocaeli Province Transport in Yalova Province 2016 establishments in Turkey Altınova