''Österreichischer Lloyd'' (, ) was the largest Austro-Hungarian shipping company. It was founded in 1833. It was based at

Trieste Trieste ( , ; ) is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is the capital and largest city of the Regions of Italy#Autonomous regions with special statute, autonomous region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, as well as of the Province of Trieste, ...

in the

Austrian Littoral The Austrian Littoral (, , , , ) was a crown land (''Kronland'') of the Austrian Empire, established in 1849. It consisted of three regions: the Margraviate of Istria in the south, Gorizia and Gradisca in the north, and the Imperial Free City ...

, the main port of the

Cisleithania Cisleithania, officially The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council (), was the northern and western part of Austria-Hungary, the Dual Monarchy created in the Compromise of 1867—as distinguished from ''Transleithania'' (i.e., ...

n (Austrian) half of the Dual Monarchy. As a result of the

First World War World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

the company was transferred into Italian hands. Operations continued from Trieste under the name Lloyd Triestino; it in turn became

Italia Marittima Italia Marittima S.p.A., founded as Österreichischer Lloyd in 1833 and named Lloyd Triestino from 1919 until 2006 , is a shipping company with its head office in Trieste, Italy, and run by Evergreen Marine, Evergreen Marine Corporation. Histo ...

in 2006, and is now part of the

Evergreen Group The Evergreen Group () is the Business group, organizational designation used by a Taiwan-based Conglomerate (company), conglomerate of shipping, transportation, and associated service companies. The Evergreen Group arose in 1975 from the diver ...

History

In 1833, 19 sea transport insurance companies, banking houses and numerous individual shareholders, among them the Austrian politician Karl Ludwig von Bruck, decided to form the Austrian Lloyd Trieste. Originally the company answered the purpose to exchange information on European maritime trade and oversea markets, modelled on

Lloyd's Register Lloyd's Register Group Limited, trading as Lloyd's Register (LR), is a technical and professional services organisation and a maritime classification society, wholly owned by the Lloyd’s Register Foundation, a UK charity dedicated to research ...

London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...

. Relying on a network of business correspondents and newspapers circulating in the Port of Trieste, it issued shipping news and also undertook to provide postal services with sailing vessels supplied by the Austrian Navy. Within a short period of its formation, the administration applied to Emperor

Ferdinand I of Austria Ferdinand I ( 19 April 1793 – 29 June 1875) was Emperor of Austria from March 1835 until his abdication in December 1848. He was also King of Hungary, King of Croatia, Croatia and King of Bohemia, Bohemia (as Ferdinand V), King of Lombardy– ...

for the privilege of steam navigation with the

Levant The Levant ( ) is the subregion that borders the Eastern Mediterranean, Eastern Mediterranean sea to the west, and forms the core of West Asia and the political term, Middle East, ''Middle East''. In its narrowest sense, which is in use toda ...

. On 20 April 1836 the steam-navigation department was introduced, and during its second meeting on 2 August the same year the department decided to build six steamships. For this reason, 1836 is considered the year the company was founded. In 1844 the company grew again when it acquired First Danubian Steam Navigation Company's line via

Constantinople Constantinople (#Names of Constantinople, see other names) was a historical city located on the Bosporus that served as the capital of the Roman Empire, Roman, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine, Latin Empire, Latin, and Ottoman Empire, Ottoman empire ...

Smyrna Smyrna ( ; , or ) was an Ancient Greece, Ancient Greek city located at a strategic point on the Aegean Sea, Aegean coast of Anatolia, Turkey. Due to its advantageous port conditions, its ease of defence, and its good inland connections, Smyrna ...

along with all its equipment. A year later, Austrian Lloyd was declared the property of the postal service of the Austrian monarchy. At the opening of the

Suez Canal The Suez Canal (; , ') is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, Indo-Mediterranean, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez and dividing Africa and Asia (and by extension, the Sinai Peninsula from the rest ...

in 1869, Austrian Lloyd was present with its steamships ''Pluto'', ''Vulcan'', and ''America''. Soon after the opening of the Suez Canal, the company launched its Trieste–

Bombay Mumbai ( ; ), also known as Bombay ( ; its official name until 1995), is the capital city of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of Maharashtra. Mumbai is the financial centre, financial capital and the list of cities i ...

line and established a weekly service between Trieste and

Port Said Port Said ( , , ) is a port city that lies in the northeast Egypt extending about along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, straddling the west bank of the northern mouth of the Suez Canal. The city is the capital city, capital of the Port S ...

. With the opening of the Bombay line, the company acquired an international dimension which was further reinforced by the extension of the line to

Colombo Colombo, ( ; , ; , ), is the executive and judicial capital and largest city of Sri Lanka by population. The Colombo metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of 5.6 million, and 752,993 within the municipal limits. It is the ...

in autumn 1879 and early in 1880 to

Singapore Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in Southeast Asia. The country's territory comprises one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet. It is about one degree ...

and

Hong Kong Hong Kong)., Legally Hong Kong, China in international treaties and organizations. is a special administrative region of China. With 7.5 million residents in a territory, Hong Kong is the fourth most densely populated region in the wor ...

. The line to

Alexandria Alexandria ( ; ) is the List of cities and towns in Egypt#Largest cities, second largest city in Egypt and the List of coastal settlements of the Mediterranean Sea, largest city on the Mediterranean coast. It lies at the western edge of the Nile ...

, which was modernized in 1894 by the introduction of four new express steamers, and the line to Bombay proved to be the most profitable passenger lines in the company's history. Most of the staff of Austrian Lloyd were Croats, 80% of the staff, out of which 33,5% from Bay of Kotor / Bocche di Cattaro.(in Croatian
"Naše more" 53(1-2)/2006
Vesna Čučić: Bokelji između Boke i Trsta, str. 78-80 (accessed September 5, 2016) The company started conducting pleasure cruises in 1906 with SS ''Bohemia'' followed in 1907 by SS ''Thalia'' which was built by

William Denny and Brothers William Denny and Brothers Limited, often referred to simply as Denny, was a Scotland, Scottish shipbuilder, shipbuilding company. History The shipbuilding interests of the Denny family date back to William Denny (born 1779), for whom ships a ...

in 1886 and converted for cruising. The speed of shipping with the Levant increased and the passages to

Calcutta Kolkata, also known as Calcutta (List of renamed places in India#West Bengal, its official name until 2001), is the capital and largest city of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of West Bengal. It lies on the eastern ba ...

were increased from nine to twelve. As a result, the company transferred the headquarters of the administration from Trieste to Vienna where, on 25 May 1907, the first general assembly of Vienna took place. The last expansion in the company's lines took place in 1912 with the Trieste–

Shanghai Shanghai, Shanghainese: , Standard Chinese pronunciation: is a direct-administered municipality and the most populous urban area in China. The city is located on the Chinese shoreline on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the ...

express line. The company's successor from 1919 was Lloyd Triestino. File:Lloydpalais - Palazzo del Lloyd, Trieste, 1900s.jpg, The Austrian Lloyd Trieste ''Palazzo'' in the early 1900s File:ÖL SS Koerber Miceu.jpg, Oil painting of Lloyd's SS ''Koerber'' by Miceu, before 1909 File:Lloydarsenal Kran.jpg, The Lloyd arsenal at Trieste, with shipyard crane, before 1914 File:Österreichischer Lloyd Trieste-Alexandria poster.jpg, French-language poster advertising the Trieste-Alexandria run File:Celebratory Volume for 75th anniversary of Österreichischer Lloyd 1836-1911 Triest.jpg, Celebratory Volume for 75th anniversary of Österreichischer Lloyd 1836-1911 Triest File:Lloyd Austriaco poster before 1919.jpg, Italian-language poster advertising the Trieste-Venice run

References

Bibliography

* Bruno Astori, Giuseppe Stefani: ''Il Lloyd Triestino. Contributo alla storia Italiana della navigazione marittima''. Verona MCMXXXVIII – ANNO XVI 938 Officine grafiche A. Mondadori. * Autorenkollektiv: ''Der Lloyd in Triest gestern – heute – morgen. Vom Österreichischen Lloyd zu Lloyd Triestino''. Lloyd Triestino di Navigazione, Trieste 1987. * Ronald E. Coons: ''Steamships, statesmen and bureaucrats. Austrian policy towards the Steam Navigation Company of the Austrian Lloyd; 1836–1848''. Franz Steiner Verlag, Wiesbaden 1975, ISBN 3-515-01983-9. * Alison Frank, "The Children of the Desert and the Laws of the Sea: Austria, Great Britain, the Ottoman Empire, and the Mediterranean Slave Trade in the Nineteenth Century," ''The American Historical Review'' 117 no. 2 (April 2012), 410-444. https://doi-org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/10.1086/ahr.117.2.410 * Robert Gabriel: ''The Indian and Far Eastern lines of the Austrian Lloyd''. in: ''Maritime History'', Newton Abbot, David & Charles 1974, No. 2, p. 110–125 (Vol. 4) * Gregor Gatscher-Riedl: ''Alt-Österreich auf hoher See. Das Flottenalbum des Österreichischen Lloyd. Bilder und Verkehrsgeschichte aus Österreichs maritimer Vergangenheit''. Kral-Verlag, Berndorf 2017, ISBN 3-99024-682-8. * Giovanni Gerolami: ''Navi e Servizi del Lloyd Triestino (1836–1949)''. Trieste. Stabilimento Tipografico Nazionale 1949 (2. Auflage: 1956) * Miroslav Hubert: ''Do světa s parníky Rakouského Lloydu''. Mare-Czech, Prague 2010 (''Hinaus in die Welt mit Dampfern des Österreichischen Lloyd'') * Horst Friedrich Mayer, Dieter Winkler: ''In allen Häfen war Österreich – Die Österreichisch-Ungarische Handelsmarine.'' Edition S, Verlag der Österreichischen Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1987, ISBN 3-7046-0079-2. * Georg Pawlik, Dieter Winkler: ''Der Österreichische Lloyd 1836 bis heute''. Weishaupt Verlag, Vienna 1989, ISBN 3-900310-55-6. * Publizistisches Bureau des Österreichischen Lloyd (Hrsg.): ''Fünfundsiebzig Jahre österreichischer Lloyd 1836–1911''. Österreichischer Lloyd, Triest 1911.Vergleiche die zeitgenössische Werbung für diesen Band in ''Der Fremdenverkehr'' vom 8. Oktober 1911
ANNO-Digitalisat
. * Oskar Stark: ''Eine versunkene Welt – die Geschichte des österreichischen Lloyd; Fahrten und Ende seiner 62 Schiffe.'' Rohrer Verlag, Vienna 1959 * Paolo Valenti: ''Dal Lloyd Austriaco a Italia Marittima. Navi e servizi dal 1836 ad oggi''. Luglio Editore, San Dorligo della Valle - Trieste 2016 {{DEFAULTSORT:Oesterreichischer Lloyd Companies based in Trieste Shipping companies of Austria Companies established in 1833 1833 establishments in the Austrian Empire Evergreen Group