Étienne Weill-Raynal
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Étienne Weill-Raynal (1887–1982) was a French historian, resistant, journalist and Socialist politician. As a scholar following
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
, he specialized in the subject of reparations. When
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
began, he was dismissed from his teaching position and sent to the Drancy internment camp because he was
Jewish Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...
. He escaped from the internment camp, and joined the National Council of the French Resistance. After the war, he wrote articles in socialist newspapers and served as a member of the National Assembly from 1950 to 1951, representing Oise.


Early life

Étienne Weill-Raynal was born on 9 December 1887 in the 9th arrondissement of Paris, France. His father was a supporter of the republic. His mother was a niece of Léon Gambetta, who served as the 45th
Prime Minister of France The prime minister of France (), officially the prime minister of the French Republic (''Premier ministre de la République française''), is the head of government of the French Republic and the leader of its Council of Ministers. The prime ...
(1881-1882). He was Jewish. He graduated from the École Normale Supérieure. He received the agrégation in History in 1910. After his military service, he received a bachelor's degree in Law. He served in the French Army during
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
.


Career

Weill-Raynal started his career as a high school teacher in Laon. He then taught at the Lycée Pierre-Corneille in
Rouen Rouen (, ; or ) is a city on the River Seine, in northwestern France. It is in the prefecture of Regions of France, region of Normandy (administrative region), Normandy and the Departments of France, department of Seine-Maritime. Formerly one ...
, followed by the Lycée Voltaire and the Lycée Louis-le-Grand. Weill-Raynal joined the French Section of the Workers' International, later replaced by the modern-day Socialist Party. He also became a member of the Human Rights League and the Grand Orient de France, a freemason organization. He ran unsuccessfully for the National Assembly in 1924, 1932, 1936, and 1937. In 1938, he started writing a PhD thesis about World War I reparations. At the outset of
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
, he was dismissed from his teaching position because he was Jewish. He was sent to the Drancy internment camp in 1940, but escaped. In 1941, he became acquainted with Jean Moulin and joined the National Council of the Resistance of the French Resistance. After the war, Weill-Raynal defended his PhD thesis at the University of Paris on 14 April 1945. In 1947, a summary of his thesis was published as ''La politique française des réparations'' by Nouvelles Éditions latines. It was reviewed by Maurice Baumont in the journal '' Revue historique''. By 1969, American Professor Sally Marks called him "the leading authority on reparations." Weill-Raynal served as a member of the National Assembly from 1950 to 1951, representing Oise. He ran again in 1951, but lost to Jean Legendre. Meanwhile, he wrote for two socialist newspapers, '' Le Populaire'' and ''Nord Matin: Journal de la Démocratie Socialiste''. In 1954 he became the director of ''La Revue Socialiste''. He returned to politics, serving as an advisor to Guy Mollet until 1963.


Death

Weill-Raynal died on 14 July 1982, in the 16th arrondissement of Paris.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Weill-Raynal, Etienne 1887 births 1982 deaths Politicians from Paris Jewish French politicians French Section of the Workers' International politicians Deputies of the 1st National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic French Freemasons 20th-century French historians University of Paris alumni French military personnel of World War I Drancy internment camp prisoners French Resistance members Jews in the French resistance 20th-century French journalists Lycée Louis-le-Grand teachers Jewish socialists