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Yishuv
The Yishuv (), HaYishuv Ha'ivri (), or HaYishuv HaYehudi Be'Eretz Yisra'el () was the community of Jews residing in Palestine prior to the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. The term came into use in the 1880s, when there were about 25,000 Jews living in that region, and continued to be used until 1948, by which time there were some 630,000 Jews there. The term is still in use to denote the pre-1948 Jewish residents in Palestine, corresponding to the southern part of Ottoman Syria until 1918, OETA South in 1917–1920, and Mandatory Palestine in 1920–1948. A distinction is sometimes drawn between the '' Old Yishuv'' and the '' New Yishuv''. The Old Yishuv refers to all the Jews living in Palestine before the first Zionist immigration wave (''aliyah'') of 1882, and to their descendants until 1948. The Old Yishuv residents were religious Jews, living mainly in Jerusalem, Safed, Tiberias, and Hebron. There were smaller communities in Jaffa, Haifa, Peki'in, Acre, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Yishuv
The Yishuv (), HaYishuv Ha'ivri (), or HaYishuv HaYehudi Be'Eretz Yisra'el () was the community of Jews residing in Palestine (region), Palestine prior to the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. The term came into use in the 1880s, when there were about 25,000 Jews living in that region, and continued to be used until 1948, by which time there were some 630,000 Jews there. The term is still in use to denote the pre-1948 Jewish residents in Palestine, corresponding to the southern part of Ottoman Syria until 1918, Occupied Enemy Territory Administration, OETA South in 1917–1920, and Mandatory Palestine in 1920–1948. A distinction is sometimes drawn between the ''Old Yishuv'' and the ''#New Yishuv, New Yishuv''. The Old Yishuv refers to all the Jews living in Palestine before the first Zionist movement, Zionist immigration wave (''aliyah'') of 1882, and to their descendants until 1948. The Old Yishuv residents were religious Jews, living mainly in Jerusalem, Safed, Ti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zionist Movement
Zionism is an ethnocultural nationalist movement that emerged in Europe in the late 19th century that aimed to establish and maintain a national home for the Jewish people, pursued through the colonization of Palestine, a region roughly corresponding to the Land of Israel in Judaism, with central importance in Jewish history. Zionists wanted to create a Jewish state in Palestine with as much land, as many Jews, and as few Palestinian Arabs as possible. Zionism initially emerged in Central and Eastern Europe as a secular nationalist movement in the late 19th century, in reaction to newer waves of antisemitism and in response to the Haskalah, or Jewish Enlightenment. The arrival of Zionist settlers to Palestine during this period is widely seen as the start of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The Zionist claim to Palestine was based on the notion that the Jews' historical right to the land outweighed that of the Arabs. In 1917, the Balfour Declaration established Brit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rishon LeZion
Rishon LeZion ( , "First to Zion") is a city in Israel, located along the central Israeli coastal plain south of Tel Aviv. It is part of the Gush Dan metropolitan area. Founded in 1882 by Jewish immigrants from the Russian Empire who were part of the First Aliyah, it was the first settlement founded in Israel by the New Yishuv and the second Jewish farm settlement established in Ottoman Syria in the 19th century, after Petah Tikva. As of 2017, it was the fourth-largest city in Israel, with a population of . The city is a member of Forum 15, which is an association of fiscally autonomous cities in Israel that do not depend on national balancing or development grants. Etymology The name Rishon LeZion is derived from a verse from the Tanakh: "First to Zion are they, and I shall give herald to Jerusalem" ( Isaiah 41:27) and literally translates as "First to Zion". History Ottoman period (1882–1900) Rishon LeZion was founded on 31 July 1882, by ten Hovevei Zion pione ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peki'in
Peki'in (alternatively Peqi'in) () or Buqei'a (), is a Druze–Arab town with local council status in Israel's Northern District. It is located eight kilometres east of Ma'alot-Tarshiha in the Upper Galilee. In it had a population of . The majority of residents are Druze (78%), with a large Christian (20.8%) and Muslim (1.2%) minorities. The Jewish community of Peki'in maintained a presence since at least the 16th century with a short interruption during the 1936–1939 Arab revolt. Most Jews in Peki'in did not return to the village after the violence, and call themselves the Hadera ityDiaspora. The Zinatis are the only family who returned, and it is currently represented by one elderly member, Margalit Zinati, residing in the village. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jews At Western Wall By Felix Bonfils, 1870s
Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, religion, and community are highly interrelated, as Judaism is their ethnic religion, though it is not practiced by all ethnic Jews. Despite this, religious Jews regard Gerim, converts to Judaism as members of the Jewish nation, pursuant to the Conversion to Judaism, long-standing conversion process. The Israelites emerged from the pre-existing Canaanite peoples to establish Kingdom of Israel (Samaria), Israel and Kingdom of Judah, Judah in the Southern Levant during the Iron Age.John Day (Old Testament scholar), John Day (2005), ''In Search of Pre-Exilic Israel'', Bloomsbury Publishing, pp. 47.5 [48] 'In this sense, the emergence of ancient Israel is viewed not as the cause of the demise of Canaanite culture but as its upshot'. Originally, J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Aliyah
The First Aliyah (), also known as the agriculture Aliyah, was a major wave of Jewish immigration (''aliyah'') to History of Israel#Ottoman period , Ottoman Palestine (region) , Palestine between 1881 and 1903. Jews who migrated in this wave came mostly from Eastern Europe and from Yemen, stimulated by pogroms and violence against the Jewish communities in those areas. An estimated 25,000 Jews immigrated. Many of the European Jewish immigrants during the late 19th-early 20th century period gave up after a few months and went back to their country of origin, often suffering from hunger and disease.Joel BrinkleyAs Jerusalem Labors to Settle Soviet Jews, Native Israelis Slip Quietly Away The New York Times, 11 February 1990. Quote: "In the late 19th and early 20th century many of the European Jews who set up religious settlements in Palestine gave up after a few months and returned home, often hungry and diseased.". Accessed 4 May 2020. During the first Aliyah, agricultural settleme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petah Tikva
Petah Tikva (, ), also spelt Petah Tiqwa and known informally as Em HaMoshavot (), is a city in the Central District (Israel), Central District of Israel, east of Tel Aviv. It was founded in 1878, mainly by Haredi Judaism, Haredi Jews of the Old Yishuv, and became a permanent settlement in 1883 with the financial help of Edmond James de Rothschild, Edmond Rothschild. In , the city had a population of , thus being the List of cities in Israel, fifth-largest city in Israel. Its population density is approximately . Its jurisdiction covers 35,868 dunams (~35.9 km2 or 15 sq mi). Petah Tikva is part of the Gush Dan, Gush Dan metropolitan area. Etymology Petah Tikva takes its name (meaning "Door of Hope") from the biblical allusion in Hosea 2:15: "... and make the valley of Achor a door of hope." The Achor Valley, near Jericho, was the original proposed location for the town. History Tel Mulabbis, an tell (archaeology), archaeological mound in modern Petah Tikva, is an impor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moshava
A moshava (, plural: ''moshavot'' , ''colony'' or ''village'') was a form of agricultural Jewish settlement in the Palestine (region), region of Palestine (now Israel), established by the members of the Old Yishuv beginning in the late 1870s and during the first two waves of Jewish Zionism, Zionist immigration – the First Aliyah, First and Second Aliyah. History In a moshava, as opposed to later communal settlements like the kibbutz and the moshav (plural ''moshavim''), all the land and property are privately owned. The first moshavot were established by the members of the Old Yishuv, Jewish community already living in, and by pioneers of the arriving to, Ottoman Syria. The economy of the early moshavot was based on agriculture and resembled the grain-growing villages of eastern Europe in layout. Farms were established along both sides of a broad main street. Petah Tikva, known as the "Mother of the Moshavot" (''Em HaMoshavot''), was founded in 1878 by members of the Old ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old City (Jerusalem)
The Old City of Jerusalem (; ) is a Walls of Jerusalem, walled area in Jerusalem. In a tradition that may have begun with an 1840–41 Royal Engineers maps of Palestine, Lebanon and Syria, 1840s British map of the city, the Old City is divided into four uneven quarters: the Muslim Quarter (Jerusalem), Muslim Quarter, the Christian Quarter, the Armenian Quarter, and the Jewish Quarter (Jerusalem), Jewish Quarter. A fifth area, the Temple Mount, known to Muslims as Al-Aqsa or ''Haram al-Sharif'', is home to the Dome of the Rock, the Al-Aqsa Mosque, and was once the site of Temple in Jerusalem, the Jewish Temple. The Old City's Walls of Jerusalem, current walls and city gates were built by the Ottoman Empire from 1535 to 1542 under Suleiman the Magnificent. The Old City is home to several sites of key importance and holiness to the three major Abrahamic religions: the Temple Mount and the Western Wall for Judaism, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre for Christianity, and the Dome o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diaspora
A diaspora ( ) is a population that is scattered across regions which are separate from its geographic place of birth, place of origin. The word is used in reference to people who identify with a specific geographic location, but currently reside elsewhere. Notable diasporic populations include the Jewish Diaspora formed after the Babylonian exile; Assyrian diaspora following the Sayfo, Assyrian genocide; Greeks that fled or were displaced following the fall of Constantinople and the later Greek genocide as well as the Istanbul pogroms; the emigration of Anglo-Saxons (primarily to the Byzantine Empire) after the Norman Conquest, Norman Conquest of England; the Chinese people, southern Chinese and South Asian diaspora, South Asians who left their homelands during the 19th and 20th centuries; the Irish diaspora after the Great Famine (Ireland), Great Famine; the Scottish diaspora that developed on a large scale after the Highland Clearances, Highland and Lowland Clearances; Romani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halukka
The ''halukka'', also spelled ''haluka'', ''halukkah'' or ''chalukah'' (, meaning ''distribution'') was an organized collection and distribution of charity funds for Jewish residents of the Land of Israel (the Holy Land). General method of operation Sympathizing Jews in a Jewish diaspora, diaspora city or district would form a standing committee, presided over by a ''gabbai'', to supervise collections and to remit funds semiannually to the managers of the ''halukkah'', located in Jerusalem. The ''halukkahs policy was to divide funds equally in thirds: one-third was distributed to yeshiva Talmid Chacham, scholars, one-third was distributed to poor widows and orphans, and for temporary relief to helpless men, and one-third was used to defray Jewish community expenses. The distributions were made semiannually, before the Passover and the Rosh HaShannah, New-Year festivals. The Jerusalem management would send representatives (sing. "''meshulach''", Heb. ; pl. "''meshulachim''", He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torah
The Torah ( , "Instruction", "Teaching" or "Law") is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. The Torah is also known as the Pentateuch () or the Five Books of Moses. In Rabbinical Jewish tradition it is also known as the Written Torah (, ). If meant for liturgic purposes, it takes the form of a Torah scroll ( '' Sefer Torah''). If in bound book form, it is called '' Chumash'', and is usually printed with the rabbinic commentaries (). In rabbinic literature, the word ''Torah'' denotes both the five books ( "Torah that is written") and the Oral Torah (, "Torah that is spoken"). It has also been used, however, to designate the entire Hebrew Bible. The Oral Torah consists of interpretations and amplifications which according to rabbinic tradition have been handed down from generation to generation and are now embodied in the Talmud and Midrash. Rabbinic tradition's underst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
