Fluorescent Whitening Agent
Optical brighteners, optical brightening agents (OBAs), fluorescent brightening agents (FBAs), or fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs), are chemical compounds that absorb light in the ultraviolet and violet region (usually 340-370 nm) of the electromagnetic spectrum, and re-emit light in the blue region (typically 420-470 nm) through the phenomenon of fluorescence. These additives are often used to enhance the appearance of color of textile, fabric and paper, causing a "whitening" effect; they make intrinsically yellow/orange materials look less so, by compensating the deficit in blue and purple light reflected by the material, with the blue and purple optical emission of the fluorophore. Properties The most common classes of compounds with this property are the (E)-Stilbene, stilbenes, e.g., 4,4′-Diamino-2,2′-stilbenedisulfonic acid, 4,4′-diamino-2,2′-stilbenedisulfonic acid. Older, non-commercial fluorescence, fluorescent compounds include umbelliferone, which a ...
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