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Equine Estrogen
Equine estrogens, or horse estrogens, are estrogens found in horses. They include the following: * Estradiol * Estrone * Equilin (Δ7-estrone) * Equilenin (Δ6,8-estrone) * 17α-Dihydroequilin (Δ7-17α-estradiol) * 17β-Dihydroequilin (Δ7-17β-estradiol) * 17α-Dihydroequilenin (Δ6,8-17α-estradiol) * 17β-Dihydroequilenin (Δ6,8-17β-estradiol) * 8,9-Dehydroestrone (Δ8-estrone) * 8,9-Dehydroestradiol (Δ8-17β-estradiol) * Hippulin (Δ8-14-isoestrone) As well as their conjugates, such as estrone sulfate. Equine estrogens are found in the human medications conjugated estrogens (Premarin) and esterified estrogens Esterified estrogens (EEs), sold under the brand names Estratab and Menest among others, is an estrogen medication which is used hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms and low sex hormone levels in women, to treat breast cancer in both women a ... (Estratab, Menest). See also * List of estrogens § Equine estrogens References Estrogens {{St ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estrogen
Estrogen or oestrogen is a category of sex hormone responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics. There are three major endogenous estrogens that have estrogenic hormonal activity: estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3). Estradiol, an estrane, is the most potent and prevalent. Another estrogen called estetrol (E4) is produced only during pregnancy. Estrogens are synthesized in all vertebrates and some insects. Their presence in both vertebrates and insects suggests that estrogenic sex hormones have an ancient evolutionary history. Quantitatively, estrogens circulate at lower levels than androgens in both men and women. While estrogen levels are significantly lower in males than in females, estrogens nevertheless have important physiological roles in males. Like all steroid hormones, estrogens readily diffuse across the cell membrane. Once inside the cell, they bind to and activate estrogen receptors (E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
8,9-Dehydroestrone
8,9-Dehydroestrone, or Δ8-estrone, also known as estra-1,3,5(10),8-tetraen-3-ol-17-one, is a naturally occurring estrogen found in horses which is closely related to equilin, equilenin, and estrone, and, as the 3-sulfate ester sodium salt, is a minor constituent (3.5%) of conjugated estrogens (Premarin). It produces 8,9-dehydro-17β-estradiol as an important active metabolite, analogously to conversion of estrone or estrone sulfate into estradiol Estradiol (E2), also spelled oestradiol, is an estrogen steroid hormone and the major female sex hormone. It is involved in the regulation of the estrous and menstrual female reproductive cycles. Estradiol is responsible for the development of f .... The compound was first described in 1997.Bhavnani B. R., Cecutti A. and Dey M. S., Effects in postmenopausal women of delta-8-estrone sulfate: A novel estrogen component of Premarin. ''Journal Society Gynecologic Investigation 4'' (1 (Suppl.)) (1997) 392. In addition to 8,9-dehydroestron ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Esterified Estrogens
Esterified estrogens (EEs), sold under the brand names Estratab and Menest among others, is an estrogen medication which is used hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms and low sex hormone levels in women, to treat breast cancer in both women and men, and to treat prostate cancer in men. It is formulated alone or in combination with methyltestosterone. It is taken by mouth. Side effects of EEs include nausea, breast tension, edema, and breakthrough bleeding among others. It is an estrogen, or an agonist of the estrogen receptors, the biological target of estrogens like estradiol. EEs are a prodrug mainly of estradiol and to a lesser extent of equilin. EEs were introduced for medical use by 1970. They are available in only a few countries, such as Chile and the United States. They have also been marketed in Argentina and Switzerland in the past. Medical uses EEs are used in hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms, female hypogonadism, ovariectomy, and primary ovarian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conjugated Estrogens
Conjugated estrogens (CEs), or conjugated equine estrogens (CEEs), sold under the brand name Premarin among others, is an estrogen (medication), estrogen medication which is used in menopausal hormone therapy and for various other indications. It is a combination drug, mixture of the sodium salt (chemistry), salts of estrogen conjugates found in equine, horses, such as estrone sulfate (medication), estrone sulfate and equilin sulfate. CEEs are available in the form of both natural product, natural preparations manufactured from the urine of pregnant mares and fully chemical synthesis, synthetic replications of the natural preparations. They are formulated both alone and in combination with progestins such as medroxyprogesterone acetate. CEEs are usually taken oral administration, by mouth, but can also be given by topical medication, application to the skin or vaginal administration, vagina as a cream (pharmaceutical), cream or by intravenous injection, injection into a blood ves ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estrone Sulfate
Estrone sulfate, also known as E1S, E1SO4 and estrone 3-sulfate, is a natural, endogenous steroid and an estrogen ester and conjugate. In addition to its role as a natural hormone, estrone sulfate is used as a medication, for instance in menopausal hormone therapy; for information on estrone sulfate as a medication, see the estrone sulfate (medication) article. Biological function E1S itself is biologically inactive, with less than 1% of the relative binding affinity of estradiol for the ERα and ERβ. However, it can be transformed by steroid sulfatase, also known as estrogen sulfatase, into estrone, an estrogen. Simultaneously, estrogen sulfotransferases, including SULT1A1 and SULT1E1, convert estrone to E1S, resulting in an equilibrium between the two steroids in various tissues. Estrone can also be converted by 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases into the more potent estrogen estradiol. E1S levels are much higher than those of estrone and estradiol, and it is thought ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estrogen Conjugate
An estrogen conjugate is a conjugate of an endogenous estrogen. They occur naturally in the body as metabolites of estrogens and can be reconverted back into estrogens. They serve as a circulating reservoir for estrogen, particularly in the case of orally administered pharmaceutical estradiol. Estrogen conjugates include sulfate and/or glucuronide conjugates of estradiol, estrone, and estriol: * Sulfated: ** Estrone 3-sulfate (E1S) ** Estradiol 3-sulfate (E2S, E2-3S) and estradiol 17β-sulfate (E2-17S) ** Estriol 3-sulfate (E3S) ** Estradiol 3,17β-disulfate (E2DS) * Glucuronidated: ** Estrone 3-glucuronide (E1-G) ** Estradiol 3-glucuronide (E2-3G) and estradiol 17β-glucuronide (E2-17G) ** Estriol 3-glucuronide (E3-3G), estriol 16α-glucuronide (E3-16G) * Mixed: ** Estradiol 3-glucuronide 17β-sulfate (E2-3G-17βS) ** Estradiol 3-sulfate 17β-glucuronide (E2-3S-17βG) ** Estriol 3-sulfate 16α-glucuronide (E3-3S-16G) Estrogen conjugates are conjugated at the C3, C16α, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hippulin
Hippulin, also known as Δ8-14-isoestrone, as well as 14-isoestra-1,3,5(10),8-tetraen-3-ol-17-one, is a naturally occurring estrogen found in horses and an isomer of equilin.Girard, H., Sandulesco, G., Fridenson, A., Gaudefroy, C., & Rutgers, J. J. (1932). Sur les Hormones Sexuelles Cristallisées Retirées de l'Urine des Juments Gravides. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci, 194, 1020. The compound, likely in sodium sulfate form, is a component of conjugated estrogens (Premarin), a pharmaceutical extract of the urine of pregnant mare A mare is an adult female horse or other equine. In most cases, a mare is a female horse over the age of three, and a filly is a female horse three and younger. In Thoroughbred horse racing, a mare is defined as a female horse more than four ...s, though it is present only in small amounts in pregnant mare urine. It has been reported by possess either equivalent estrogenic activity to that of equilin or only slight estrogenic activity. The compound was fir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
8,9-Dehydroestradiol
8,9-Dehydroestradiol, or Δ8-17β-estradiol, also known as estra-1,3,5(10),8-tetraen-17β-ol-3-one, is a naturally occurring steroidal estrogen found in horses which is closely related to equilin, equilenin, and estradiol, and, as the 3-sulfate ester sodium salt, is a minor constituent of conjugated estrogens (Premarin). It is also an important active metabolite of 8,9-dehydroestrone 8,9-Dehydroestrone, or Δ8-estrone, also known as estra-1,3,5(10),8-tetraen-3-ol-17-one, is a naturally occurring estrogen found in horses which is closely related to equilin, equilenin, and estrone, and, as the 3-sulfate ester sodium salt, is a ..., analogously to conversion of estrone or estrone sulfate into estradiol. See also * List of estrogens#Equine estrogens, List of estrogens § Equine estrogens References Secondary alcohols Estranes Estrogens {{Genito-urinary-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
