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Chlorobenzenes
Chlorobenzenes are a group of aryl chlorides/ halobenzenes consisting of one or more chlorine atoms as substituents on a benzene core. They have the formula C6H6–''n''Cl''n'', where ''n'' = 1–6 is the number of chlorine atoms. Depending on the number of chlorine substituents, there may be several constitutional isomers possible. * Monochlorobenzene * Dichlorobenzene ** 1,2-Dichlorobenzene ** 1,3-Dichlorobenzene ** 1,4-Dichlorobenzene * Trichlorobenzene ** 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene ** 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene ** 1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene * Tetrachlorobenzene ** 1,2,3,4-Tetrachlorobenzene ** 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene ** 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene * Pentachlorobenzene * Hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene, or perchlorobenzene, is an aryl chloride and a six-substituted chlorobenzene with the molecular formula C6Cl6. It is a fungicide formerly used as a seed treatment, especially on wheat to control the fungal disease bunt. Its u ... See also * Fluorobenzenes * Bromobenzen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene, or perchlorobenzene, is an aryl chloride and a six-substituted chlorobenzene with the molecular formula C6Cl6. It is a fungicide formerly used as a seed treatment, especially on wheat to control the fungal disease bunt. Its use has been banned globally under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. Physical and chemical properties Hexachlorobenzene is a stable, white, crystalline chlorinated hydrocarbon. It is sparingly soluble in organic solvents such as benzene, diethyl ether and alcohol, but practically insoluble in water with no reaction. It has a flash point of 468 °F and it is stable under normal temperatures and pressures. It is combustible but it does not ignite readily. When heated to decomposition, hexachlorobenzene emits highly toxic fumes of hydrochloric acid, other chlorinated compounds (such as phosgene), carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. History Hexachlorobenzene was first known as "Julin's chloride of carbon" as it w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentachlorobenzene
Pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) is an aryl chloride and a five-substituted chlorobenzene with the molecular formula C6HCl5 which is a chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon. It consists of a benzene ring substituted with five chlorine atoms. PeCB was once used industrially for a variety of uses, but because of environmental concerns there are currently no large scale uses of PeCB.Pentachlorobenzene – Sources, environmental fate and risk characterization , Robert E. Bailey, EuroChlor, July 2007 Pentachlorobenzene is a known (POP) and banned globally by the |
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene is an organochlorine compound with the chemical formula . This is one of three isomers of trichlorobenzene; the two others are 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene and 1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene. Synthesis 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene can be prepared via dehydrohalogenation of hexachlorocyclohexane. Also, 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene is formed as a byproduct. Small amounts of 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene can also be produced while chlorinating benzene with iron(III) chloride as a catalyst. Physical properties The compound forms white crystals with a faint aromatic odor. It is combustible and poorly soluble in water. The substance is irritating to eyes and the respiratory tract. Uses 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene is used as a herbicide. Also as a solvent for high-melting products, as a coolant in electrical installations and glass tempering. See also *Chlorobenzenes Chlorobenzenes are a group of aryl chlorides/ halobenzenes consisting of one or more chlorine atoms as substituents on a benzene core ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
1,2-Dichlorobenzene, or orthodichlorobenzene (ODCB), is an aryl chloride and isomer of dichlorobenzene with the formula CHCl. This colourless liquid is poorly soluble in water but miscible with most organic solvents. It is a derivative of benzene, consisting of two adjacent chlorine atoms. It is mainly used as a precursor chemical in the synthesis of agrochemicals, as a preferred solvent for dissolving and working with fullerenes, as an insecticide, and in softening and removing carbon-based contamination on metal surfaces. Production and uses 1,2-Dichlorobenzene is obtained as a side-product of the production of chlorobenzene: : + → + HCl The reaction also affords the 1,4- and small amounts of the 1,3-isomer. The 1,4- isomer is preferred over the 1,2- isomer due to steric hindrance. The 1,3- isomer is uncommon because it is a meta- compound, while chlorine, like all halogens, is an ortho/para- director in terms of electrophilic aromatic substitution. It is mainly used as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene is an organochlorine compound, one of three isomers of trichlorobenzene. It is a derivative of benzene with three chloride substituents. It is a colorless liquid used as a solvent for a variety of compounds and materials. Production and uses Depending on the conditions and additives (e.g., sulfur), it can be the main product from the chlorination of benzene. It is virtually the exclusive product from the chlorination of 1,4-dichlorobenzene. It is also the main product from the dehydrochlorination of hexachlorocyclohexane. It is useful as a high-temperature solvent, e.g. for GPC of polyolefines such as PE or PP which are otherwise insoluble. Aside from its use as a solvent, this compound is a useful precursor to dye and pesticides. Safety The LD50 (oral, rats) is 756 mg/kg. Animal studies have shown that 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene affects the liver and kidney, and is possibly a teratogen. There is no regulated occupational exposure limit for chemical expo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halobenzene
Halobenzenes are a group of aryl halides consisting of a benzene ring with halogen atoms as substituents. This includes these groups of halobenzenes: * Fluorobenzenes *Chlorobenzenes * Bromobenzenes *Iodobenzenes Halobenzene may also refer to any of the monosubstituted halobenzenes: *Fluorobenzene *Chlorobenzene *Bromobenzene *Iodobenzene * Astatobenzene Mixed halobenzenes Mixed halobenzenes contain two or more types of halogens bonded to the same benzene ring: * Chlorofluorobenzene * Bromofluorobenzene * Fluoroiodobenzene * Bromochlorobenzene * Chloroiodobenzene * Bromoiodobenzene List of halobenzene derivatives * Haloanilines ** Fluoroaniline ** Chloroaniline ** Bromoaniline ** Iodoaniline * Haloanisoles ** Fluoroanisole ** Chloroanisole ** Bromoanisole ** Iodoanisole * Halobenzaldehydes ** Fluorobenzaldehyde ** Chlorobenzaldehyde ** Bromobenzaldehyde ** Iodobenzaldehyde * Halobenzoic acids ** Fluorobenzoic acid ** Chlorobenzoic acid ** Bromobenzoic acid ** Iodobe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bromobenzenes
Bromobenzenes are a group of aryl bromides/halobenzenes consisting of one or more bromine atoms as substituents on a benzene core. They have the formula C6H6–''n''Br''n'', where ''n'' = 1–6 is the number of bromine atoms. Depending on the number of bromine substituents, there may be several constitutional isomers possible. Isomers * Monobromobenzene * Dibromobenzene ** 1,2-Dibromobenzene ** 1,3-Dibromobenzene ** 1,4-Dibromobenzene * Tribromobenzene ** 1,2,3-Tribromobenzene ** 1,2,4-Tribromobenzene ** 1,3,5-Tribromobenzene * Tetrabromobenzene ** 1,2,3,4-Tetrabromobenzene ** 1,2,3,5-Tetrabromobenzene ** 1,2,4,5-Tetrabromobenzene * Pentabromobenzene * Hexabromobenzene Preparation Bromobenzenes may be prepared by electrophilic aromatic bromination of benzene and benzene derivatives, using elemental bromine and the Lewis acid catalyst iron(III) bromide. They may also be prepared from diazonium compounds. Reactions Bromobenzenes may be carboxylated into carboxylic a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fluorobenzenes
Fluorobenzenes are a group of aryl fluorides/halobenzenes consisting of one or more fluorine atoms as substituents on a benzene core. They have the formula C6H6–''n''F''n'', where ''n'' = 1–6 is the number of fluorine atoms. Depending on the number of fluorine substituents, there may be several constitutional isomers possible. * Monofluorobenzene * Difluorobenzene ** 1,2-Difluorobenzene ** 1,3-Difluorobenzene ** 1,4-Difluorobenzene * Trifluorobenzene ** 1,2,3-Trifluorobenzene ** 1,2,4-Trifluorobenzene ** 1,3,5-Trifluorobenzene * Tetrafluorobenzene ** 1,2,3,4-Tetrafluorobenzene ** 1,2,3,5-Tetrafluorobenzene ** 1,2,4,5-Tetrafluorobenzene * Pentafluorobenzene * Hexafluorobenzene See also *Chlorobenzenes *Bromobenzenes *Iodobenzenes Iodobenzenes are a group of aryl iodides/halobenzenes consisting of one or more iodine atoms as substituents on a benzene core. They have the formula C6H6–''n''I''n'', where ''n'' = 1–6 is the number of iodine atoms. Depending on the nu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
Tetrachlorobenzene is any of three isomeric chlorobenzenes with the molecular formula . They differ by the positions of the chlorine atoms around the ring. Tetrachlorobenzenes are colorless crystalline compounds. Properties Synthesis 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene can be produced by electrophilic halogenation of benzene Benzene is an Organic compound, organic chemical compound with the Chemical formula#Molecular formula, molecular formula C6H6. The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar hexagonal Ring (chemistry), ring with one hyd ...s and some chlorobenzenes. 1,2,3,4-Tetrachlorobenzene can only be produced by chlorination of 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene. Uses 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene once was used as intermediates in the production of pesticides, specifically 2,4,5-trichlorophenol and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid. This method has been discontinued because it also produced 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. See also * Tetrabromobenzene * T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aryl Chloride
In organic chemistry, an aryl halide (also known as a haloarene) is an aromatic compound in which one or more hydrogen atoms directly bonded to an aromatic ring are replaced by a halide ion (such as fluorine F''−'', chlorine Cl−1,−3,−5, bromine Br−1, or iodine I−). Aryl halides are distinct from haloalkanes (alkyl halides) due to significant differences in their methods of preparation, chemical reactivity, and physical properties. The most common and important members of this class are aryl chlorides, but the group encompasses a wide range of derivatives with diverse applications in organic synthesis, pharmaceuticals, and materials science. Classification according to halide Aryl fluorides Aryl fluorides are used as synthetic intermediates, e.g. for the preparation of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and liquid crystals. The conversion of diazonium salts is a well established route to aryl fluorides. Thus, anilines are precursors to aryl fluorides. In the classic Schiemann ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trichlorobenzene
Trichlorobenzene (TCB) may refer to any of three isomeric chlorinated derivatives of benzene Benzene is an Organic compound, organic chemical compound with the Chemical formula#Molecular formula, molecular formula C6H6. The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar hexagonal Ring (chemistry), ring with one hyd ... with the molecular formula C6H3Cl3. They differ by the positions of the chlorine atoms around the ring: * 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene * 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene * 1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene {{Chemistry index Chlorobenzenes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
