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Change Order
In project management, change orders are also called variations or variation orders. Any modification or change to works agreed in the contract is treated as a variation. Types These modifications can be divided into three main categories # Addition to the work agreed in the contract. # Omission of work agreed in the contract. # Substitution or alteration of work agreed in the contract. Purpose A change order is work that is added to or deleted from the original scope of work of a contract. Depending on the magnitude of the change, it may or may not alter the original contract amount and/or completion date. A change order may force a new project to handle significant changes to the current project. Change orders are common to most projects, and very common with large projects. After the original scope (or contract) is formed, complete with the total price to be paid and the specific work to be completed, a client may decide that the original plans do not best represent his or he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Project Manager
A project manager is a professional in the field of project management. Project managers have the responsibility of the Project planning, planning, procurement and execution of a project, in any undertaking that has a defined scope, defined start and a defined finish; regardless of industry. Project managers are first point of contact for any issues or discrepancies arising from within the heads of various departments in an organization before the problem escalates to higher authorities, as project representative. Project management is the responsibility of a project manager. This individual seldom participates directly in the activities that produce the result, but rather strives to maintain the progress, mutual interaction and task (project management), tasks of various parties in such a way that reduces the risk of overall failure, maximizes benefits, and minimizes costs. Overview A project manager is the person responsible for accomplishing the project objectives. Key proj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Business Management
Business administration is the administration of a commercial enterprise. It includes all aspects of overseeing and supervising the business operations of an organization. Overview The administration of a business includes the performance or management of business operations and decision-making, as well as the efficient organization of people and other resources to direct activities towards common goals. In general, "administration" refers to the broader management function, including the associated finance, personnel and MIS services. Administration can refer to the bureaucratic or operational performance of routine office tasks, usually internally oriented and reactive rather than proactive. Administrators, broadly speaking, engage in a common set of functions to meet an organization's goals. Henri Fayol (1841–1925) described these "functions" of the administrator as " the five elements of administration". According to Fayol, the five functions of management are pla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Change Control
Within quality management systems (QMS) and information technology (IT) systems, change control is a process—either formal or informal—used to ensure that changes to a product or system are introduced in a controlled and coordinated manner. It reduces the possibility that unnecessary changes will be introduced to a system without forethought, introducing faults into the system or undoing changes made by other users of software. The goals of a change control procedure usually include minimal disruption to services, reduction in back-out activities, and cost-effective utilization of resources involved in implementing change. According to the Project Management Institute, change control is a "process whereby modifications to documents, deliverables, or baselines associated with the project are identified, documented, approved, or rejected." Change control is used in various industries, including in IT, software development, the pharmaceutical industry, the medical device industr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Change Request
A change request, sometimes called change control request (CCR), is a document containing a call for an adjustment of a system; it is of great importance in the change management process. Purpose and elements A change request is declarative, i.e. it states what needs to be accomplished, but leaves out how the change should be carried out. Important elements of a change request are an ID, the customer (ID), the deadline (if applicable), an indication whether the change is required or optional, the change type (often chosen from a domain-specific ontology) and a change abstract, which is a piece of narrative (Keller, 2005). An example of a change request can be found in Figure 1 on the right. Sources Change requests typically originate from one of five sources: # problem reports that identify bugs that must be fixed, which forms the most common source # system enhancement requests from users # events in the development of other systems # changes in underlying structure and or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Engineering Change Order
An engineering change order (ECO), also called an engineering change notice (ECN), engineering change (EC), or engineering release notice (ERN), is an artifact used to implement changes to components or end products. The ECO is utilized to control and coordinate changes to product designs that evolve over time. The need for an engineering change may be triggered by a number of events and varies by industry. Typical engineering change categories are: * Product Evolution - a change resulting in applying an existing part to a new application and maintaining backwards compatibility * Cost Reduction - a change resulting in lower overall cost to produce or maintain * Product Performance - a change that improves the capabilities of the item * Safety - a change required to enhance the safety to those using or interacting with the item Usage and contents An ECO is defined as " document approved by the design activity that describes and authorizes the implementation of an engineerin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Business Terms
Business is the practice of making one's living or making money by producing or buying and selling products (such as goods and services). It is also "any activity or enterprise entered into for profit." A business entity is not necessarily separate from the owner and the creditors can hold the owner liable for debts the business has acquired except for limited liability company. The taxation system for businesses is different from that of the corporates. A business structure does not allow for corporate tax rates. The proprietor is personally taxed on all income from the business. A distinction is made in law and public offices between the term business and a company (such as a corporation or cooperative). Colloquially, the terms are used interchangeably. Corporations are distinct from sole proprietors and partnerships. Corporations are separate and unique legal entities from their shareholders; as such they provide limited liability for their owners and members. Cor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Business Process
A business process, business method, or business function is a collection of related, structured activities or tasks performed by people or equipment in which a specific sequence produces a service or product (that serves a particular business goal) for a particular customer or customers. Business processes occur at all organizational levels and may or may not be visible to the customers. A business process may often be visualized (modeled) as a flowchart of a sequence of activities with interleaving decision points or as a process matrix of a sequence of activities with relevance rules based on data in the process. The benefits of using business processes include improved customer satisfaction and improved agility for reacting to rapid market change. Process-oriented organizations break down the barriers of structural departments and try to avoid functional silos. Overview A business process begins with a mission objective (an external event) and ends with achievement of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Construction Management
Construction management (CM) aims to control the quality of a construction project's scope, time, and cost (sometimes referred to as a project management triangle or "triple constraints") to maximize the project owner's satisfaction. It uses project management techniques and software to oversee the planning, design, construction and closeout of a construction project safely, on time, on budget and within specifications. Practitioners of construction management are called construction managers. They have knowledge and experience in the field of business management and building science. Professional construction managers may be hired for large-scaled, high budget undertakings (commercial real estate, transportation infrastructure, industrial facilities, and military infrastructure), called capital projects. Construction managers use their knowledge of project delivery methods to deliver the project optimally. The role of the contractor Contractors are assigned to a construc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
