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Carvone Reductase
Carvone reductase () is an enzyme with systematic name ''(+)-dihydrocarvone:acceptor 1,6-oxidoreductase''. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction : (1) (+)- dihydrocarvone + acceptor \rightleftharpoons (-)-carvone + reduced acceptor : (2) (-)- isodihydrocarvone + acceptor \rightleftharpoons (+)-carvone + reduced acceptor This enzyme participates in the carveol and dihydrocarveol degradation pathway of the Gram-positive bacterium ''Rhodococcus erythropolis ''Rhodococcus erythropolis'' is a bacterium species in the genus ''Rhodococcus''. It is Gram-positive. ''R. erythropolis'' has been isolated from the air of the Russian Space Laboratory Mir along with a large number of other microorganisms tha ...'' DCL14. References External links * {{Portal bar, Biology, border=no EC 1.3.99 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enzyme
Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as product (chemistry), products. Almost all metabolism, metabolic processes in the cell (biology), cell need enzyme catalysis in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. Metabolic pathways depend upon enzymes to catalyze individual steps. The study of enzymes is called ''enzymology'' and the field of pseudoenzyme, pseudoenzyme analysis recognizes that during evolution, some enzymes have lost the ability to carry out biological catalysis, which is often reflected in their amino acid sequences and unusual 'pseudocatalytic' properties. Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Other biocatalysts are Ribozyme, catalytic RNA molecules, called ribozymes. Enzymes' Chemical specificity, specific ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Enzymes
This article lists enzymes by their classification in the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology's Enzyme Commission (EC) numbering system. * List of EC numbers (EC 5) * List of EC numbers (EC 6) :Oxidoreductases (EC 1) ( Oxidoreductase) * Dehydrogenase *Luciferase * DMSO reductase :EC 1.1 (act on the CH-OH group of donors) * :EC 1.1.1 (with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor) ** Alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD) ** Alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP) ** Homoserine dehydrogenase ** Aminopropanol oxidoreductase **Diacetyl reductase ** Glycerol dehydrogenase ** Propanediol-phosphate dehydrogenase **glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) **D-xylulose reductase ** L-xylulose reductase ** Lactate dehydrogenase ** Malate dehydrogenase ** Isocitrate dehydrogenase **HMG-CoA reductase * :EC 1.1.2 (with a cytochrome as acceptor) * :EC 1.1.3 (with oxygen as acceptor) ** Glucose oxidase ** L-gulonolactone oxidase ** Thiamine oxidase ** Xanthine oxidase * :EC 1.1. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catalysis
Catalysis () is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst (). Catalysts are not consumed in the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recycles quickly, very small amounts of catalyst often suffice; mixing, surface area, and temperature are important factors in reaction rate. Catalysts generally react with one or more reactants to form intermediates that subsequently give the final reaction product, in the process of regenerating the catalyst. Catalysis may be classified as either homogeneous, whose components are dispersed in the same phase (usually gaseous or liquid) as the reactant, or heterogeneous, whose components are not in the same phase. Enzymes and other biocatalysts are often considered as a third category. Catalysis is ubiquitous in chemical industry of all kinds. Estimates are that 90% of all commercially produced chemical products involve catalysts at some st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemical Reaction
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Classically, chemical reactions encompass changes that only involve the positions of electrons in the forming and breaking of chemical bonds between atoms, with no change to the nuclei (no change to the elements present), and can often be described by a chemical equation. Nuclear chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that involves the chemical reactions of unstable and radioactive elements where both electronic and nuclear changes can occur. The substance (or substances) initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants or reagents. Chemical reactions are usually characterized by a chemical change, and they yield one or more products, which usually have properties different from the reactants. Reactions often consist of a sequence of individual sub-steps, the so-called elementary reactions, and the information on the precise co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carvone
Carvone is a member of a family of chemicals called terpenoids. Carvone is found naturally in many essential oils, but is most abundant in the oils from seeds of caraway (''Carum carvi''), spearmint (''Mentha spicata''), and dill. Uses Both carvones are used in the food and flavor industry. ''R''-(−)-Carvone is also used for air freshening products and, like many essential oils, oils containing carvones are used in aromatherapy and alternative medicine. ''S''-(+)-Carvone has shown a suppressant effect against high-fat diet induced weight gain in mice. Food applications As the compound most responsible for the flavor of caraway, dill and spearmint, carvone has been used for millennia in food. Wrigley's Spearmint Gum and spearmint flavored Life Savers are major users of natural spearmint oil from '' Mentha spicata''. Caraway seed is extracted with alcohol to make the European drink Kümmel. Agriculture ''S''-(+)-Carvone is also used to prevent premature sprouting of potato ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carveol
Carveol is a natural unsaturated, monocyclic monoterpenoid alcohol that is a constituent of spearmint essential oil in the form of ''cis''-(−)-carveol. It is a colorless fluid soluble in oils, but insoluble in water and has an odor and flavor that resemble those of spearmint and caraway. Consequently, it is used as a fragrance in cosmetics and as a flavor additive in the food industry. It has been found to exhibit chemoprevention of mammary carcinogenesis (prevents breast cancer). An ''alpha''-''trans''-dihydroxy derivative, (1''R'',2''R'',6''S'')-3-methyl-6-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-3-ene-1,2-diol, possesses potent antiparkinson In the management of Parkinson's disease, due to the chronic nature of Parkinson's disease (PD), a broad-based program is needed that includes patient and family education, support-group services, general wellness maintenance, exercise, and nutri ...ian activity in animal models. References {{Reflist Monoterpenes Cyclohexenols ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gram-positive Bacterium
In bacteriology, gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their type of cell wall. Gram-positive bacteria take up the crystal violet stain used in the test, and then appear to be purple-coloured when seen through an optical microscope. This is because the thick peptidoglycan layer in the bacterial cell wall retains the stain after it is washed away from the rest of the sample, in the decolorization stage of the test. Conversely, gram-negative bacteria cannot retain the violet stain after the decolorization step; alcohol used in this stage degrades the outer membrane of gram-negative cells, making the cell wall more porous and incapable of retaining the crystal violet stain. Their peptidoglycan layer is much thinner and sandwiched between an inner cell membrane and a bacterial outer membrane, causing them to take up the counterstain (safra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhodococcus Erythropolis
''Rhodococcus erythropolis'' is a bacterium species in the genus ''Rhodococcus''. It is Gram-positive. ''R. erythropolis'' has been isolated from the air of the Russian Space Laboratory Mir along with a large number of other microorganisms that steadily accumulated during the lifespan of the station. ''Rhodococcus'' bacteria are known to degrade organic compounds contained in the rubber used aboard the space station with specialized enzymes Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecule .... This can lead to degradation of critical components and necessitates replacement of the parts or preventive measures dealing with microbial contamination. References Further reading * * *Kuhad, Ramesh Chander, and Ajay Singh. Biotechnology for Environmental Management and Resource Recove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
