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Hüsamettin Çoban
Husam al-Din Choban was a commander and bey in the Sultanate of Rum in the early 13th century. During Keykavus term He was probably a member of the Kayı tribe which is known as the founder of the Ottoman Empire (in the next century). According to Ibn Bibi he was the governor of Kastamonu in 1211–1212 period. He was active in the Black Sea region, and especially in the domains of Empire of Trebizond. He was present in the peace talks between Keykavus I and Keykubat I, two Seljuk princes fighting for the throne. During Keykubat term Choban's greatest success was his Crimean campaign. In 1214 the Black Sea port of Sinop was captured by the Seljuks. Main trade route was between Sinop was Sudak in Cremea. But after the Mongol invasions Kypchak control on Sudak was weakened and the Seljuk-Kypcack trade suffered. Keykubat assigned Choban as the commander of the sea campaign to Sudak in 1223. Choban captured the city and the Kypchacks declared their loyalty to Keykubat. He retur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultanate Of Rum
The Sultanate of Rum was a culturally Turco-Persian Sunni Muslim state, established over conquered Byzantine territories and peoples (Rum) of Anatolia by the Seljuk Turks following their entry into Anatolia after the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. The name ''Rum'' was a synonym for the medieval Eastern Roman Empire and its peoples, as it remains in modern Turkish. The name is derived from the Aramaic () and Parthian () names for ancient Rome, via the Greek () meaning the Anatolia. The Sultanate of Rum seceded from the Seljuk Empire under Suleiman ibn Qutalmish in 1077. It had its capital first at Nicaea and then at Iconium. It reached the height of its power during the late 12th and early 13th century, when it succeeded in taking key Byzantine ports on the Mediterranean and Black Sea coasts. In the east, the sultanate reached Lake Van. Trade through Anatolia from Iran and Central Asia was developed by a system of caravanserai. Especially strong trade ties with the Genoese forme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kypchak Khanate
The Golden Horde, self-designated as ''Ulug Ulus'' ( in Turkic) was originally a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. With the division of the Mongol Empire after 1259, it became a functionally separate khanate. It is also known as the Kipchak Khanate or the Ulus of Jochi, and replaced the earlier, less organized Cuman–Kipchak confederation. After the death of Batu Khan (the founder of the Blue Horde) in 1255, his dynasty flourished for a full century, until 1359, though the intrigues of Nogai instigated a partial civil war in the late 1290s. The Horde's military power peaked during the reign of Özbeg Khan (1312–1341), who adopted Islam. The territory of the Golden Horde at its peak extended from Siberia and Central Asia to parts of Eastern Europe from the Urals to the Danube in the west, and from the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea in the south, while bordering the Caucasus Mount ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People From The Sultanate Of Rum
The term "the people" refers to the public or Common people, common mass of people of a polity. As such it is a concept of human rights law, international law as well as constitutional law, particularly used for claims of popular sovereignty. In contrast, a people is any plurality of Person, persons considered as a whole. Used in politics and law, the term "a people" refers to the collective or community of an ethnic group or nation. Concepts Legal Chapter One, Article One of the Charter of the United Nations states that "peoples" have the right to self-determination. Though the mere status as peoples and the right to self-determination, as for example in the case of Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous peoples (''peoples'', as in all groups of indigenous people, not merely all indigenous persons as in ''indigenous people''), does not automatically provide for independence, independent sovereignty and therefore secession. Indeed, judge Ivor Jennings i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
13th-century Deaths
The 13th century was the century which lasted from January 1, 1201 (represented by the Roman numerals MCCI) through December 31, 1300 (MCCC) in accordance with the Julian calendar. The Mongol Empire was founded by Genghis Khan, which stretched from Eastern Asia to Eastern Europe. The conquests of Hulagu Khan and other Mongol invasions changed the course of the Muslim world, most notably the Siege of Baghdad (1258) and the destruction of the House of Wisdom. Other Muslim powers such as the Mali Empire and Delhi Sultanate conquered large parts of West Africa and the Indian subcontinent, while Buddhism witnessed a decline through the conquest led by Bakhtiyar Khilji. The earliest Islamic states in Southeast Asia formed during this century, most notably Samudera Pasai Sultanate, Samudera Pasai. The Kingdoms of Sukhothai Kingdom, Sukhothai and Hanthawaddy Kingdom, Hanthawaddy would emerge and go on to dominate their surrounding territories. Europe entered the apex of the High Middle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
12th-century Births
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number, numeral, and glyph. It is the first and smallest positive integer of the infinite sequence of natural numbers. This fundamental property has led to its unique uses in other fields, ranging from science to sports, where it commonly denotes the first, leading, or top thing in a group. 1 is the unit of counting or measurement, a determiner for singular nouns, and a gender-neutral pronoun. Historically, the representation of 1 evolved from ancient Sumerian and Babylonian symbols to the modern Arabic numeral. In mathematics, 1 is the multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number. In digital technology, 1 represents the "on" state in binary code, the foundation of computing. Philosophically, 1 symbolizes the ultimate reality or source of existence in various traditions. In mathematics The number 1 is the first natural number after 0. Each natural numbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatolian Beylik
Anatolian or anatolica may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the region Anatolia * Ancient Anatolians, Anatolians, ancient Indo-European peoples who spoke the Anatolian languages * Anatolian High School, a type of Turkish educational institution * Anatolian Plate, the tectonic plate on which Turkey sits * Anatolian hieroglyphs, a script of central Anatolia * Anatolian languages, a group of extinct Indo-European languages * Anatolian rock, a genre of rock music from Turkey * Anatolian Shepherd, a breed of dog * ''Anatolica'', scientific journal published by The Netherlands Institute for the Near East See also * * * * Anadolu (other) * Anatolia (other) {{Disambig Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alp Yürek
Alp Yürek was the second bey of the Chobanids. Reign It is thought that the period of his reign was short and there was no significant development in the Principality during this time. The reason for this silence can be cited as the fact that the Chobanids, after the Battle of Kösedağ, did not cause any problems to the new ruler of Anatolia, the Ilkhanate The Ilkhanate or Il-khanate was a Mongol khanate founded in the southwestern territories of the Mongol Empire. It was ruled by the Il-Khans or Ilkhanids (), and known to the Mongols as ''Hülegü Ulus'' (). The Ilkhanid realm was officially known ..., and accepted to pay taxes to them. Although it is not known when and how Alp Yurek died, it can be accepted that he died in a war since he is referred to as a martyr in the sources. After him, his son Muzaffereddin Yavlak Arslan became the head of the principality . References {{DEFAULTSORT:Mahmud Bey 13th-century people from the Ottoman Empire Chobanids ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osman I
Osman I or Osman Ghazi (; or ''Osman Gazi''; died 1323/4) was the eponymous founder of the Ottoman Empire (first known as a bey, beylik or emirate). While initially a small Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkoman principality during Osman's lifetime, his beylik transformed into a vast empire in the centuries after his death. It existed until 1922 shortly after the end of World War I, when the sultanate was abolished. Owing to the scarcity of historical sources dating from his lifetime, very little factual information about Osman has survived. Not a single written source survives from Osman's reign, and the Ottomans did not record the history of his life until the fifteenth century, more than a hundred years after his death. Because of this, historians find it very challenging to differentiate between fact and myth in the many stories told about him. One historian has even gone so far as to declare it impossible, describing the period of Osman's life as a "black hole". According to late ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ertuğrul
Ertuğrul or Ertuğrul Ghazi (; died ) was a 13th-century uch bey (marcher-lord), who was the father of Osman I. Little is known about Ertuğrul's life. According to Ottoman Empire, Ottoman tradition, he was the son of Suleyman Shah, the leader of the Kayı (tribe), Kayı tribe (a claim which has come under criticism from many historians) of the Oghuz Turks (then known as Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkomans), which fled from western Central Asia to Anatolia to escape the Mongol conquests; but according to contemporary numinastic evidence, he was the son of Gündüz Alp. According to the legend, after the death of his father, Ertuğrul and his followers entered the service of the Sultanate of Rum, for which he was rewarded with dominion over the town of Söğüt on the frontier with the Byzantine Empire. This set off the chain of events that would ultimately lead to the Rise of the Ottoman Empire, founding of the Ottoman Empire. Biography Nothing is known with certainty about Ertuğrul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yazıcıoğlu Ali
Yazıcıoğlu (, literally "son of the scribe, clerk") is a Turkish surname and may refer to: * Ahmed Bican Yazıcıoğlu (died ca. 1466), Ottoman author * Cafer Tufan Yazıcıoğlu (born 1951), Turkish politician * Cengiz Yazıcıoğlu (born 1953), former Turkish footballer * Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu (1954–2009), Turkish politician * Mustafa Sait Yazıcıoğlu (born 1949), former government minister of Turkey * Ümit Yazıcıoğlu (born 1958), German-Turkish political scientist Settlement * Yazıcıoğlu, Devrek Yazıcıoğlu is a village in Devrek District, Zonguldak Province, Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Euro ..., village in Devrek District, Zonguldak Province, Turkey Turkish-language surnames Patronymic surnames {{surname ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Selçukname
''Selçukname'' is an informal term used for any of a number of medieval chronicles about Seljuk history written by different authors, mostly in Persian. It is also used for the 15th century Ottoman chronicle '' Tevârih-i Âl-i Selçuk'' (''History of the House of Seljuk'', also called ''Oğuznâme-Selçuklu târihi'' by some Turkish language sources, ). The Ottoman chronicle, written by Yazıcıoğlu Ali in Ottoman Turkish, is the only official history of the Imperial Court from Murad II's reign and serves to establish a narrative of the Ottoman dynasty's claim of descent through the Seljuks. Selçukname of Ibn Bibi (13th century) Ibn Bibi was born as the son of refugees from Khwarazm and Khorasan who had fled their native lands following the death of the last ruler of the Khwarazmian dynasty, Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu. Ibn Bibi attained a high position in the Seljuks of Anatolia as a "seal holder" and was responsible for all Seljuk correspondence. His mother had held a positio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mongol Empire
The Mongol Empire was the List of largest empires, largest contiguous empire in human history, history. Originating in present-day Mongolia in East Asia, the Mongol Empire at its height stretched from the Sea of Japan to parts of Eastern Europe, extending northward into parts of the Arctic; eastward and southward into parts of the Indian subcontinent, mounting invasions of Southeast Asia, and conquering the Iranian plateau; and reaching westward as far as the Levant and the Carpathian Mountains. The Mongol Empire emerged from the unification of several nomad, nomadic tribes in the Mongol heartland under the leadership of Temüjin, known by the title of Genghis Khan (–1227), whom a council proclaimed as the ruler of all Mongols in 1206. The empire grew rapidly under his rule and that of his descendants, who sent out Mongol invasions, invading armies in every direction. The vast transcontinental empire connected the Eastern world, East with the Western world, West, and the Pac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
