Zoe Lofgren
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Zoe Lofgren
Susan Ellen "Zoe" Lofgren ( ; born December 21, 1947) is an American politician and lawyer serving as a United States House of Representatives, U.S. representative from California. A member of the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party, Lofgren is in her 15th term in Congress, having been first elected in 1994. Lofgren has long served on the House Judiciary Committee, and chaired the House Administration Committee in the 116th and 117th Congresses. Lofgren was the California's 16th congressional district, 16th district's first female U.S. representative, before part of the district was redistricted into the California's 19th congressional district, 19th congressional district. She currently represents the California's 18th congressional district, 18th district, which covers much of Santa Clara County, California, Santa Clara County, including Gilroy, California, Gilroy, Morgan Hill, California, Morgan Hill, and most of San Jose, California, San Jose. Representing a dis ...
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United States House Committee On Science, Space And Technology
The Committee on Science, Space, and Technology is a standing committee, committee of the United States House of Representatives. It has jurisdiction over non-defense federal scientific research and development. More specifically, the committee has complete jurisdiction over the following federal agencies: NASA, National Science Foundation, NSF, National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, and the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, OSTP. The committee also has authority over R&D activities at the United States Department of Energy, Department of Energy, the United States Environmental Protection Agency, EPA, Federal Aviation Administration, FAA, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA, the United States Department of Transportation, DOT, the National Weather Service, NWS, the Department of Homeland Security, DHS and the U.S. Fire Administration. History In the wake of the Soviet Union, Soviet Sputnik program in the late 1950s, Congress cr ...
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United States House Of Representatives
The United States House of Representatives is a chamber of the Bicameralism, bicameral United States Congress; it is the lower house, with the U.S. Senate being the upper house. Together, the House and Senate have the authority under Article One of the United States Constitution, Article One of the Constitution of the United States, U.S. Constitution to pass or defeat federal legislation, known as Bill (United States Congress), bills. Those that are also passed by the Senate are sent to President of the United States, the president for signature or veto. The House's exclusive powers include initiating all revenue bills, Impeachment in the United States, impeaching federal officers, and Contingent election, electing the president if no candidate receives a majority of votes in the United States Electoral College, Electoral College. Members of the House serve a Fixed-term election, fixed term of two years, with each seat up for election before the start of the next Congress. ...
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Digital Surveillance
Digital usually refers to something using discrete digits, often binary digits. Businesses *Digital bank, a form of financial institution *Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) or Digital, a computer company *Digital Research (DR or DRI), a software company Computing and technology Hardware *Digital electronics, electronic circuits which operate using digital signals **Digital camera, which captures and stores digital images ***Digital versus film photography **Digital computer, a computer that handles information represented by discrete values **Digital recording, information recorded using a digital signal Socioeconomic phenomena *Digital culture, the anthropological dimension of the digital social changes *Digital divide, a form of economic and social inequality in access to or use of information and communication technologies *Digital economy, an economy based on computing and telecommunications resources *Digital rights, legal rights of access to computers or the Internet Oth ...
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Net Neutrality In The United States
In the United States, net neutrality—the principle that Internet service providers (ISPs) should make no distinctions between different kinds of content on the Internet, and to not discriminate based on such distinctions—has been an issue of contention between end-users and ISPs since the 1990s. With net neutrality, ISPs may not intentionally IP address blocking, block, Bandwidth throttling, slow down, or charge different rates for specific online content. Without net neutrality, ISPs may prioritize certain types of traffic, meter others, or potentially block specific types of content, while charging consumers different rates for that content. A core issue to net neutrality is how ISPs should be classified under the Communications Act of 1934 as amended by the Telecommunications Act of 1996: as either Title I "information service (US law), information services" or Title II "Common carrier#Telecommunications, common carrier services". The classification determines the Federal C ...
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Technology Industry
Technology is the application of conceptual knowledge to achieve practical goals, especially in a reproducible way. The word ''technology'' can also mean the products resulting from such efforts, including both tangible tools such as utensils or machines, and intangible ones such as software. Technology plays a critical role in science, engineering, and everyday life. Technological advancements have led to significant changes in society. The earliest known technology is the stone tool, used during prehistory, followed by the control of fire—which in turn contributed to the growth of the human brain and the development of language during the Ice Age, according to the cooking hypothesis. The invention of the wheel in the Bronze Age allowed greater travel and the creation of more complex machines. More recent technological inventions, including the printing press, telephone, and the Internet, have lowered barriers to communication and ushered in the knowledge economy. Wh ...
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Silicon Valley
Silicon Valley is a region in Northern California that is a global center for high technology and innovation. Located in the southern part of the San Francisco Bay Area, it corresponds roughly to the geographical area of the Santa Clara Valley. The term "Silicon Valley" refers to the area in which high-tech business has proliferated in Northern California, and it also serves as a general metonymy, metonym for California's high-tech business sector. The cities of Sunnyvale, California, Sunnyvale, Mountain View, California, Mountain View, Palo Alto, California, Palo Alto and Menlo Park, California, Menlo Park are frequently cited as the birthplace of Silicon Valley. Other major Silicon Valley cities are San Jose, California, San Jose, Santa Clara, California, Santa Clara, Redwood City, California, Redwood City and Cupertino, California, Cupertino. The San Jose Metropolitan Area has the third-highest GDP per capita in the world (after Zürich, Switzerland, and Oslo, Norway), accor ...
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San Jose, California
San Jose, officially the City of San José ( ; ), is a cultural, commercial, and political center within Silicon Valley and the San Francisco Bay Area. With a city population of 997,368 and a metropolitan area population of 1.95 million, it is the most populous city in both the Bay Area and Northern California and the List of United States cities by population, 12th-most populous in the United States. Located in the center of the Santa Clara Valley on the southern shore of San Francisco Bay, San Jose covers an area of and is the county seat, seat of Santa Clara County, California, Santa Clara County. Before the Spanish colonization of the Americas, arrival of the Spanish, the area around San Jose was long inhabited by the Tamyen people, Tamien nation of the Ohlone people San Jose was founded on November 29, 1777, as the ''Pueblo de San José de Our Lady of Guadalupe, Guadalupe'', the first city founded in the Californias. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 after the Mexican Wa ...
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Morgan Hill, California
Morgan Hill is a city in Santa Clara County, California, at the southern tip of Silicon Valley in the San Francisco Bay Area. Morgan Hill is an affluent residential community, the seat of several high-tech companies, and a dining and recreational destination, owing to its luxury hospitality, wineries, and nature parks. History Prior to the arrival of Spanish colonists, Santa Clara Valley had been inhabited by the Tamien nation of Ohlone people for more than 6,000 years. In that area, the Matalan tribe lived in a hunter-gatherer society. Before the area was colonized as part of the Alta California province of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, the 1772 Spanish expedition led by Pedro Fages and Father Juan Crespí, the two explorers camped in the area around Morgan Hill alongside Llagas Creek. The location of their camp subsequently became a campsite for Spanish soldiers on their way from New Spain to Alta California. With the founding of Mission Santa Clara de Asís in 1777, the ...
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Gilroy, California
Gilroy is a city in Santa Clara County, California, United States, south of the San Francisco Bay Area. It had a population of 59,520 as of the 2020 census. Gilroy's origins lie in the village of San Ysidro, which developed in the early 19th century from Rancho San Ysidro. This land had been granted to Californio ranchero Ygnacio Ortega in 1809. Following Ygnacio's death in 1833, his daughter Clara Ortega de Gilroy and son-in-law John Gilroy inherited the largest portion of the rancho, and began developing the settlement. When the town was incorporated in 1868, it was renamed in honor of John Gilroy, a Scotsman who had emigrated to California in 1814, naturalized as a Mexican citizen, adopted the Spanish language, and converted to Catholicism. These changes made him eligible to own land in this area of the Spanish Empire. In the process, he took the name Juan Bautista Gilroy. Gilroy is known for its garlic crop, and is nicknamed the "Garlic Capital of the World". It is also ...
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Santa Clara County, California
Santa Clara County, officially the County of Santa Clara, is the sixth-most populous county in the U.S. state of California, with a population of 1,936,259 as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. Santa Clara County and neighboring San Benito County, California, San Benito County form the San Jose–Sunnyvale–Santa Clara metropolitan statistical area, which is part of the larger San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland combined statistical area. Santa Clara is the most populous county in the San Francisco Bay Area and in Northern California. The county seat and largest city with a population of 971,233 is San Jose, California, San Jose, the List of United States cities by population, 13th-most populous city in the nation, List of cities and towns in California, California's third-most populous city, and the List of cities and towns in the San Francisco Bay Area, most populous city in Northern California. Home to Silicon Valley, Santa Clara County is an economic center for ...
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California's 18th Congressional District
California's 18th congressional district is a List of United States congressional districts, congressional district located in the U.S. state of California. The district is currently represented by . Since the 2022 election, the district is landlocked and includes all of San Benito County, California, San Benito County and parts of Santa Clara County, California, Santa Clara and Monterey County, California, Monterey counties, including Salinas, California, Salinas, Hollister, California, Hollister, Watsonville, California, Watsonville, Gilroy, California, Gilroy, Soledad, California, Soledad, and downtown and eastern San Jose, California, San Jose. Due to the presence of Silicon Valley, the district had a Household income in the United States, median household income of $149,375, the second highest of any congressional district in the country. After redistricting, the district picked up agricultural areas of Monterey County, and its median household income dropped substantially, ...
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California's 19th Congressional District
California's 19th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California, currently represented by . Following redistricting in 2021, the district includes most of the wealthier, white portions of the Central Coast, including Santa Cruz County, California, Santa Cruz County (excluding most of majority-Hispanic Watsonville, California, Watsonville) and parts of Santa Clara County, California, Santa Clara County, Monterey County, California, Monterey County and San Luis Obispo County, California, San Luis Obispo County. The new 19th district includes the south side of San Jose, California, San Jose and the entire cities of Santa Cruz, California, Santa Cruz, Monterey, California, Monterey, Seaside, California, Seaside, Paso Robles, California, Paso Robles, and Atascadero, California, Atascadero. Most of the area was previously part of the 20th district, which moved to the Central Valley. For much of the 20th century prior to the early 1990s, the distri ...
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