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Zhuàngyuán
''Zhuangyuan'', or ''jangwon'' in Korean and ''trạng nguyên'' in Vietnamese, variously translated into English as principal graduate, primus, or optimus, was the title given to the scholar who achieved the highest score on highest level of the Imperial examination, (in the Tang dynasty) and (in the Song dynasty) in imperial China, Gwageo examinations in Goryeo and Joseon era Korea, and Vietnam. In China, Fu Shanxiang is known as the first (and last) female zhuangyuan ''(nü zhuangyuan'') in Chinese history, but under the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, not the regular imperial exams. After the Taipings captured the city of Nanjing, they offered an exam for women in January 1853 in which Fu attained the highest score. In Vietnam, the first de facto ''trạng nguyên'' was Lê Văn Thịnh, a Lý dynasty scholar. He was the chief negotiator who persuaded the Song to return the 6 districts of Quảng Nguyên (today Hà Giang province) to Vietnam. Nevertheless, the first Vietnamese p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Examination
The imperial examination was a civil service examination system in History of China#Imperial China, Imperial China administered for the purpose of selecting candidates for the Civil service#China, state bureaucracy. The concept of choosing bureaucrats by merit rather than by birth started Imperial examination in Chinese mythology, early in Chinese history, but using written examinations as a tool of selection started in earnest during the Sui dynasty (581–618), then into the Tang dynasty (618–907). The system became dominant during the Song dynasty (960–1279) and lasted for almost a millennium until its abolition during the late Qing reforms, late Qing dynasty reforms in 1905. The key sponsors for abolition were Yuan Shikai, Yin Chang and Zhang Zhidong. Aspects of the imperial examination still exist for entry into the civil service of both China and Taiwan. The exams served to ensure a common knowledge of writing, Chinese classics, and literary style among state officials. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revival Lê Dynasty
The Revival Lê dynasty ( 茹黎中興; Hán-Việt: 黎中興朝 ''Lê trung hưng triều''), also called the Later Lê Restoration in historiography, officially Đại Việt (Chữ Hán: 大越), was a Vietnamese dynasty that existed between 1533 and 1789. The Primal Lê dynasty (1428–1527) and the Revival Lê dynasty (1533–1789) collectively formed the Later Lê dynasty. This period marked the end of the Primal Lê dynasty which had flourished initially but largely declined after the death of emperor Lê Thánh Tông. As a result, high-ranking mandarin and general Mạc Đăng Dung deposed emperor Lê Cung Hoàng in 1527 and established the Mạc dynasty, ruling the whole territory of Đại Việt. The Lê royalists escaped to the Kingdom of Lan Xang (today Laos). The Right Commander-General of the Five Armies and Marquess of An Thanh (Vietnamese: Hữu vệ Điện tiền tướng quân An Thanh hầu) Nguyễn Kim summoned the people who were still loyal to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qing Dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China. At its height of power, the empire stretched from the Sea of Japan in the east to the Pamir Mountains in the west, and from the Mongolian Plateau in the north to the South China Sea in the south. Originally emerging from the Later Jin (1616–1636), Later Jin dynasty founded in 1616 and proclaimed in Shenyang in 1636, the dynasty seized control of the Ming capital Beijing and North China in 1644, traditionally considered the start of the dynasty's rule. The dynasty lasted until the Xinhai Revolution of October 1911 led to the abdication of the last emperor in February 1912. The multi-ethnic Qing dynasty Legacy of the Qing dynasty, assembled the territoria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yu Minzhong
Yu Minzhong (, 1714–1779) was an official of the Qing Dynasty, who served as chief grand councilor for part of the reign of the Qianlong Emperor The Qianlong Emperor (25 September 17117 February 1799), also known by his temple name Emperor Gaozong of Qing, personal name Hongli, was the fifth Emperor of China, emperor of the Qing dynasty and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China pr .... Yu Minzhong was a native of Jintan, Jiangsu province. In 1737, he became a Zhuangyuan of the Imperial examination.R. Kent Guy, Qing Governors and Their Provinces: The Evolution of Territorial Administration in China, 1644-1796, University of Washington Press, 2010 Before his appointment as chief grand councilor, he served as an editor and scribe to the emperor. During his tenure as chief grand councilor, a significant rise in corruption occurred. References * 1714 births 1779 deaths Grand Councillors of the Qing dynasty Grand secretaries of the Qing dynasty Assistant g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhao Bingzhong
Zhao may refer to: * Zhao (surname) (赵), a Chinese surname ** commonly spelled Chao in Taiwan or up until the early 20th century in other regions ** Chiu, from the Cantonese pronunciation ** Cho (Korean surname), represent the Hanja 趙 (Chinese: Zhao) ** Triệu, a Vietnamese surname which is the equivalent of the Mandarin Chinese surname Zhao (趙) * Zhao County, in Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China * Zhao family (other) ** Zhao family (Internet slang), based on the surname Zhao, an internet term in China which refers to the ruling elite and the rich * 兆 (zhào), a Chinese numeral which usually represents 106 or 1012 **Mega-, corresponding SI prefix in China, equals to 106 **Tera-, corresponding SI prefix in Taiwan, equals to 1012 * Admiral Zhao, a character in the animated series ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' Chinese history * Zhao (state) (403 BC–222 BC), a Warring States period state * Triệu dynasty (204 BC–111 BC), or Zhao dynasty, the ruling house of the Nanyu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan dynasty ( ; zh, c=元朝, p=Yuáncháo), officially the Great Yuan (; Mongolian language, Mongolian: , , literally 'Great Yuan State'), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after Division of the Mongol Empire, its division. It was established by Kublai (Emperor Shizu or Setsen Khan), the fifth khagan-emperor of the Mongol Empire from the Borjigin clan, and lasted from 1271 to 1368. In Chinese history, the Yuan dynasty followed the Song dynasty and preceded the Ming dynasty. Although Genghis Khan's enthronement as Khagan in 1206 was described in Chinese language, Chinese as the Han Chinese, Han-style title of Emperor of China, Emperor and the Mongol Empire had ruled territories including modern-day northern China for decades, it was not until 1271 that Kublai Khan officially proclaimed the dynasty in the traditional Han style, and the conquest was not complete until 1279 when the Southern Song dynasty was defeated in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wen Tianxiang
Wen Tianxiang (; June 6, 1236 – January 9, 1283), noble title Duke of Xin (), was a Chinese statesman, poet and politician in the last years of the Song dynasty#Southern Song, 1127–1279, Southern Song dynasty. For his resistance to Kublai Khan's Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty, invasion of the Southern Song dynasty, and for his refusal to yield to the Yuan dynasty despite being captured and tortured, he is a popular culture hero symbol of patriotism, righteousness, and resistance against tyranny in China. He is known as one of the 'Three Loyal Princes of the Song' (), alongside Lu Xiufu and Zhang Shijie. Wen Tianxiang is depicted in the Wu Shuang Pu (無雙譜, Table of Peerless Heroes) by Jin Guliang. His continuing symbolic importance was evident in an event that took place in Wen Tianxiang's historical shrine in Haifeng (Haifeng County) in 1908, where Chen Jiongming persuaded over thirty young men from the village to swear secret support for a national revolution.Lesl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tang Gao
Tang Gao (唐皋，1469–1526) was born in Yansi town (巖寺鎮), She county (歙縣), Huizhou (徽州府), South Zhili (南直隸), in Ming China. Tang Gao became the Zhuangyuan, or Number One Scholar (狀元) in the ninth year (1514) of the Zhengde Emperor's (正德皇帝) reign during the Ming dynasty. He styled himself as Shouzhi (守之), Xin’an (心庵), and Ziyang hermit (紫陽山人). Due to his premature death, the loss of his biography and epitaph, and the fact that much of his early life was not documented, scholars have been unable put together a detailed summary of his life.Tang Chen:"The Lost Poems and Articles Collection of Number One Scholar Tang Gao in Ming Dynasty", Master's Dissertation of Shanghai University, PRC, 2013. Life Tang Gao was born into an educated and aristocratic family within a well-established Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianist (程朱理學) academic tradition. Little is known about his early life, but at some point his family lost much of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taizong Of Tang
Emperor Taizong of Tang (28January 59810July 649), previously Prince of Qin, personal name Li Shimin, was the second emperor of the Tang dynasty of China, ruling from 626 to 649. He is traditionally regarded as a co-founder of the dynasty for his role in encouraging his father Li Yuan (Emperor Gaozu) to rebel against the Sui dynasty at Jinyang in 617. Taizong subsequently played a pivotal role in defeating several of the dynasty's most dangerous opponents and solidifying its rule over China proper. Taizong is considered to be one of the greatest emperors in China's history, and henceforth his reign became regarded as the exemplary model against which all future emperors were measured. His era, the "Reign of Zhenguan" () is considered a golden age in ancient Chinese history and was treated as required studying material for future crown princes. Taizong continued to develop imperial examination systems. He asked his officials to be loyal to policies, not people, in order to el ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaozu Of Tang
Emperor Gaozu of Tang (7 April 566 – 25 June 635), born Li Yuan, courtesy name Shude, was the founding emperor of the Tang dynasty of China, reigning from 618 to 626 CE. Under the Sui dynasty, Li Yuan was the governor in the area of modern-day Shanxi, and was based in Taiyuan. In 615, Li Yuan was assigned to garrison Longxi. He gained much experience by dealing with the Göktürks of the north and was able to pacify them. Li Yuan was also able to gather support from these successes and, with the disintegration of the Sui dynasty in July 617, Li Yuan – urged on by his second son Li Shimin (, the eventual Emperor Taizong) – rose in rebellion. Using the title of "Great Chancellor" (), Li Yuan installed a puppet child emperor, Yang You, but eventually removed him altogether and established the Tang dynasty in 618 with himself as emperor. His son and successor Li Shimin honoured him as Gaozu ("high founder") after his death. Emperor Gaozu's reign was concentrated on uniting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mo Xuanqing
Mo Xuanqing (, 17 August 834 – ?) was a Chinese novelist and poet. He was born in Zhaoqing, modern-day Guangdong, and was the youngest Zhuangyuan of the imperial examinations during the Tang dynasty. He became known for his literary talent at the age of 12. In 851, at the age of 17, he became the youngest Zhuangyuan since the Sui dynasty and the first Zhuangyuan in Lingnan Lingnan (; ) is a geographic area referring to the lands in the south of the Nanling Mountains. The region covers the modern China, Chinese subdivisions of Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong & Macau and Northern Vietnam. Background The ar .... Poetry Mo Xuanqing composed more than 200 poems and songs. However, most of his poems were lost and there are not more than 20 pieces remaining, surviving through large poetry collections such as the '' Quan Tang Shi'' and the '' Cantonese Poetry Collection'' (). External links QQ.com十七歲被欽點狀元中國史上最年輕狀元莫宣卿肇慶曆史勝 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hong Jun
Hong Jun (; 1839–1893) was a Chinese diplomat. From 1887 to 1890 he had served as a special emissary of the Qing dynasty government to Russia, Germany, the Netherlands, and Austria. Wang, David Der-wei, p103 Biography Hong was born in 1839. At age 30, he became a ''zhuangyuan''. In 1887 Hong Jun, by then a major Chinese official, met Sai Jinhua ("Prettier Than Golden Flower") while he visited Suzhou.Zhang, Wenxian, p423 At the time Hong Jun was in mourning due to his mother's death. Hong Jun made Sai Jinhua his concubine one year after meeting her. In April of that year, Sai Jinhua went to Beijing with Hong Jun.Wan, p182 Empress Dowager Cixi appointed Hong Jun as the Chinese envoy to Europe, and so Hong Jun traveled to Russia, Austria, the Netherlands, and Germany as part of his diplomatic duties. Sai Jinhua accompanied him because Hong Jun's wife was not willing to travel with him.Cheng, Joyce.Who is Sai Jinhua?Archive '' gbtimes''. Wednesday September 11, 2013. Retrieved on N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
