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Zdeněk Herman
Zdeněk Herman (24 March 1934 – 25 February 2021) was a Czech Physical chemistry, physical chemist. Life and work Herman was born on 24 March 1934 in Libušín. He studied physical chemistry and radiochemistry at the School of Mathematics and Physics of Charles University, Prague (1952–1957). He then joined the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, to which he remained affiliated. Herman's early work, with Vladimír Čermák concerned Mass spectrometry, mass spectrometric studies of the kinetics of collision and ionization processes of ions (chemical reaction of ions, Penning and associative ionization). During his post-doctoral years (1964–1965), with Richard Wolfgang at Yale University, Herman built one of the first crossed beam machines to study ion-molecule processes. Herman also built an improved crossed beam machine that was used in Prague with colleagues to investigate the dynamics of ion-molecule and charge transfer reactions of cations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dication
A dication is any cation, of general formula X2+, formed by the removal of two electrons from a neutral species. Diatomic dications corresponding to stable neutral species (e.g. formed by removal of two electrons from H2) often decay quickly into two singly charged particles (H+), due to the loss of electrons in bonding molecular orbitals. Energy levels of diatomic dications can be studied with good resolution by measuring the yield of pairs of zero-kinetic-energy electrons from double photoionization of a molecule as a function of the photoionizing wavelength (threshold photoelectrons coincidence spectroscopy – TPEsCO). The dication is kinetically stable. An example of a stable diatomic dication which is not formed by oxidation of a neutral diatomic molecule is the dimercury dication . An example of a polyatomic dication is , formed by oxidation of S8 and unstable with respect to further oxidation over time to form SO2. Many organic dications can be detected in mass spectro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physical Chemists
Physical chemistry is the study of macroscopic and microscopic phenomena in chemical systems in terms of the principles, practices, and concepts of physics such as motion, energy, force, time, thermodynamics, quantum chemistry, statistical mechanics, analytical dynamics and chemical equilibria. Physical chemistry, in contrast to chemical physics, is predominantly (but not always) a supra-molecular science, as the majority of the principles on which it was founded relate to the bulk rather than the molecular or atomic structure alone (for example, chemical equilibrium and colloids). Some of the relationships that physical chemistry strives to understand include the effects of: # Intermolecular forces that act upon the physical properties of materials (plasticity, tensile strength, surface tension in liquids). # Reaction kinetics on the rate of a reaction. # The identity of ions and the electrical conductivity of materials. # Surface science and electrochemistry of cell membranes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czech Chemists
Czech may refer to: * Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe ** Czech language ** Czechs, the people of the area ** Czech culture ** Czech cuisine * One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus *Czech (surname) *Czech, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland *Czechville, Wisconsin, unincorporated community, United States See also * Čech, a surname * Czech lands * Czechoslovakia * List of Czechs * * * Check (other) * Czechoslovak (other) * Czech Republic (other) * Czechia (other) Czechia is the official short form name of the Czech Republic. Czechia may also refer to: * Historical Czech lands *Czechoslovakia (1918–1993) *Czech Socialist Republic (1969–1990) *Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939–1945) See also ... {{disambiguation Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2021 Deaths
This is a list of lists of deaths of notable people, organized by year. New deaths articles are added to their respective month (e.g., Deaths in ) and then linked below. 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 Earlier years ''Deaths in years earlier than this can usually be found in the main articles of the years.'' See also * Lists of deaths by day * Deaths by year (category) {{DEFAULTSORT:deaths by year ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1934 Births
Events January–February * January 1 – The International Telecommunication Union, a specialist agency of the League of Nations, is established. * January 15 – The 8.0 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake, Nepal–Bihar earthquake strikes Nepal and Bihar with a maximum Mercalli intensity scale, Mercalli intensity of XI (''Extreme''), killing an estimated 6,000–10,700 people. * February 6 – 6 February 1934 crisis, French political crisis: The French far-right leagues rally in front of the Palais Bourbon, in an attempted coup d'état against the French Third Republic, Third Republic. * February 9 ** Gaston Doumergue forms a new government in France. ** Second Hellenic Republic, Greece, Kingdom of Romania, Romania, Turkey and Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia form the Balkan Pact. * February 12–February 15, 15 – Austrian Civil War: The Fatherland Front (Austria), Fatherland Front consolidates its power in a series of clashes across the country. * February 16 – The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rakovník
Rakovník (, ) is a town in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 16,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone. Administrative division Rakovník consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): *Rakovník I (871) *Rakovník II (14,502) Etymology According to legend, the name was derived from ''rak'' (meaning 'crayfish'), which was eaten here during a famine. Therefore this animal was adopted on the town's coat of arms and flag. However, the name was more likely derived from type of vegetation in wetlands by a stream, which gave the name to the stream and later to the town. Geography Rakovník is located about west of Prague and northeast of Plzeň. It lies in the Rakovník Uplands, on the border of the Křivoklátsko Protected Landscape Area. The highest point is at above sea level. The stream Rakovnický potok flows through the town. History The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemical Physics
Chemical physics is a branch of physics that studies chemical processes from a physical point of view. It focuses on understanding the physical properties and behavior of chemical systems, using principles from both physics and chemistry. This field investigates physicochemical phenomena using techniques from atomic and molecular physics and condensed matter physics. The United States Department of Education defines chemical physics as "A program that focuses on the scientific study of structural phenomena combining the disciplines of physical chemistry and atomic/molecular physics. Includes instruction in heterogeneous structures, alignment and surface phenomena, quantum theory, mathematical physics, statistical and classical mechanics, chemical kinetics, and laser physics." Distinction between chemical physics and physical chemistry While at the interface of physics and chemistry, chemical physics is distinct from physical chemistry as it focuses more on using physical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Journal Of Mass Spectrometry
The ''International Journal of Mass Spectrometry'' is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of mass spectrometry, including instrumentation and applications in biology, chemistry, geology, and physics. It was established in 1968 as the ''International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Physics'' and was renamed ''International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes'' in 1983, before obtaining its current title in 1998. It is published by Elsevier and the editors-in-chief are Julia Laskin (Purdue University) and Zheng Ouyang (Tsinghua University). Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: *Chemical Abstracts Service *Current Contents/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences * EBSCO databases * Embase *Food Science and Technology Abstracts *FRANCIS *Inspec * PASCAL *Science Citation Index Expanded *Scopus According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2020 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal im ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Innsbruck
The University of Innsbruck (; ) is a public research university in Innsbruck, the capital of the Austrian federal state of Tyrol (state), Tyrol, founded on October 15, 1669. It is the largest education facility in the Austrian States of Austria, Bundesland of Tyrol (state), Tirol, and the third largest in Austria behind the University of Vienna and the University of Graz. Significant contributions have been made in many branches, most of all in the Quantum teleportation, physics department. Further, regarding the number of ''Web of Science''-listed publications, it occupies the third rank worldwide in the area of mountain research. History In 1562, a Jesuit grammar school was established in Innsbruck by Peter Canisius, today called "Akademisches Gymnasium Innsbruck". It was financed by the salt mines in Hall in Tirol, and was re-chartered as a university on October 15, 1669, by Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, Leopold I with four faculties. In 1782 this was reduced to a mere lyceu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Von Humboldt
Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (14 September 1769 – 6 May 1859) was a German polymath, geographer, natural history, naturalist, List of explorers, explorer, and proponent of Romanticism, Romantic philosophy and Romanticism in science, science. He was the younger brother of the Prussian minister, philosopher, and linguistics, linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835). Humboldt's quantitative work on botany, botanical geography laid the foundation for the field of biogeography, while his advocacy of long-term systematic geophysical measurement pioneered modern Earth's magnetic field, geomagnetic and meteorology, meteorological monitoring. Humboldt and Carl Ritter are both regarded as the founders of modern geography as they established it as an independent scientific discipline. Between 1799 and 1804, Humboldt travelled extensively in the Americas, exploring and describing them for the first time from a non-Spanish European scientific point of view. His des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cations
An ion () is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by convention. The net charge of an ion is not zero because its total number of electrons is unequal to its total number of protons. A cation is a positively charged ion with fewer electrons than protons (e.g. K+ ( potassium ion)) while an anion is a negatively charged ion with more electrons than protons (e.g. Cl− ( chloride ion) and OH− (hydroxide ion)). Opposite electric charges are pulled towards one another by electrostatic force, so cations and anions attract each other and readily form ionic compounds. Ions consisting of only a single atom are termed ''monatomic ions'', ''atomic ions'' or ''simple ions'', while ions consisting of two or more atoms are termed polyatomic ions or ''molecular ions''. If only a + or − is present, it indica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
