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Yusuf Akçura
Yusuf Akçura (; ; 2 December 1876 – 11 March 1935) was a prominent Turkish politician, writer and ideologist of ethnic Tatar origin. He developed into a prominent ideologue and advocate of Pan-Turkism during the early republican period, whose writings became widely read and who became one of the leading university professors in Istanbul. Biography He was born in Simbirsk, Russian Empire to a Tatar family and lived there until he and his mother emigrated to the Ottoman Empire when he was seven. He received primary and secondary education in Constantinople and entered the Harbiye Mektebi (Military College) in 1895. He took up a post in the Erkân-i Harbiye (General Staff Course), a prestigious training programme for the Ottoman military. But in 1896 he was accused of belonging to the Young Turk movement and was exiled to Trablusgarb in Fezzan, Ottoman Libya. He escaped exile in 1899 and made his way to Paris where he began to emerge as a staunch advocate of Turkish nati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tevfik Bıyıklıoğlu
Tevfik Bıyıklıoğlu (1891 – 24 November 1961) was a Turkish people, Turkish politician, who was a founding member of the Turkish Historical Society, Turkish Historical Association, which he served as its first president. Biography He was born in Çanakkale in 1891. He entered the Ottoman Military College, Military Academy in 1905 and graduated in 1908 as an artillery officer and valedictorian of his class, and in 1914 he graduated from the Military Academy as valedictorian of his class. In 1915, he was promoted to the rank of Staff and took part in the Dardanelles campaign during the First World War. in 1923, while he was a Staff Lieutenant Colonel in the First Branch of the General Staff, he was appointed as Deputy Chief Clerk on March 18, 1924. On May 1, 1924, he was appointed as the General Clerk of the Presidency of the Republic of Turkey in his capacity as Military Chief Clerk. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Bıyıklıoğlu, Tevfik 1891 births 1961 deaths Place o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trablusgarb
Ottoman Tripolitania, also known as the Regency of Tripoli, was officially ruled by the Ottoman Empire from 1551 to 1912. It corresponded roughly to the northern parts of modern-day Libya in historic Tripolitania and Cyrenaica. It was initially established as an Ottoman province ruled by a pasha (governor) in Tripoli who was appointed from Constantinople, though in practice it was semi-autonomous due to the power of the local Janissaries. From 1711 to 1835, the Karamanli dynasty ruled the province as a '' de facto'' hereditary monarchy while remaining under nominal Ottoman suzerainty. In 1835, the Ottomans reestablished direct control over the region until its annexation by Italy in 1912. Like the Ottoman regencies in Tunis and Algiers, the Regency of Tripoli was a major base for the privateering activities of the North African corsairs, who also provided revenues for Tripoli. A remnant of the centuries of Turkish rule is the presence of a population of Turkish origin, and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ittifaq Al-Muslimin
The Union of the Muslims of Russia (Ittifaq, short for , ''Ittifaq âl-Möslimin'' and , ''Ittifaq al-Muslimin'') was a political organisation and Political party, party of Muslims in the late Russian Empire. The organisation was founded during the 1905 Revolution and came to an end after the February Revolution. Its political agenda was liberal-constitutional, closely aligned to that of the Constitutional Democratic Party, Kadet Party; the Islamic reform movement of Jadidism was an important influence. The Ittifaq was dominated by Volga Tatars, Volga Tatar intellectuals, but also included Muslim representatives of other ethnicities such as Azerbaijani people, Azerbaijanis, Crimean Tatars, Crimean Tatars, Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917), Caucasians and Russian Turkestan, Central Asians. Background Islam in Russia before 1905 According to official statistics, the Russian Empire had 14 million Muslim subjects around 1900; Muslim State Duma (Russian Empire), Duma representatives e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkification
Turkification, Turkization, or Turkicization () describes a shift whereby populations or places receive or adopt Turkic attributes such as culture, language, history, or ethnicity. However, often this term is more narrowly applied to mean specifically Turkish rather than merely Turkic, meaning that it refers more frequently to the Ottoman Empire's policies or the Turkish nationalist policies of the Republic of Turkey toward ethnic minorities in Turkey. As the Turkic states developed and grew, there were many instances of this cultural shift. The earliest instance of Turkification took place in Central Asia, when by the 6th century AD migration of Turkic tribes from Inner Asia caused a language shift among the Iranian peoples of the area. By the 8th century AD, the Turkification of Kashgar was completed by Qarluq Turks, who also Islamization, Islamized the population. The Turkification of Anatolia occurred in the time of the Seljuk Empire and Sultanate of Rum, when Anatolia h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlantic, North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and List of islands of France, many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean, giving it Exclusive economic zone of France, one of the largest discontiguous exclusive economic zones in the world. Metropolitan France shares borders with Belgium and Luxembourg to the north; Germany to the northeast; Switzerland to the east; Italy and Monaco to the southeast; Andorra and Spain to the south; and a maritime border with the United Kingdom to the northwest. Its metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea. Its Regions of France, eighteen integral regions—five of which are overseas—span a combined area of and hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Switzerland
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau, the Swiss Alps, Alps and the Jura Mountains, Jura; the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, whereas most of the country's Demographics of Switzerland, 9 million people are concentrated on the plateau, which hosts List of cities in Switzerland, its largest cities and economic centres, including Zurich, Geneva, and Lausanne. Switzerland is a federal republic composed of Cantons of Switzerland, 26 cantons, with federal authorities based in Bern. It has four main linguistic and cultural regions: German, French, Italian and Romansh language, Romansh. Although most Swiss are German-speaking, national identity is fairly cohesive, being rooted in a common historical background, shared ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germany
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total population of over 84 million in an area of , making it the most populous member state of the European Union. It borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. The Capital of Germany, nation's capital and List of cities in Germany by population, most populous city is Berlin and its main financial centre is Frankfurt; the largest urban area is the Ruhr. Settlement in the territory of modern Germany began in the Lower Paleolithic, with various tribes inhabiting it from the Neolithic onward, chiefly the Celts. Various Germanic peoples, Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Türk (magazine)
''Türk'' was one of the publications published by Ali Kemal, a member of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP). It was based in Cairo and existed between 1903 and 1907. History and profile ''Türk'' was established by Ali Kemal, a CUP member living in Cairo. Its first issue appeared on 5 November that year. Ali Kemal also edited the magazine which was headquartered in Cairo and came out weekly. It had a nationalist political stance and opposed the rule of Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II. Its goals were to secure the rights of the Turks, to revive Turkish ideals and to advocate Turkish nationalism as an ideology. Notable contributors of ''Türk'' included Serafeddin Mağmumi, Necmeddin Arif, Esad Bey, and Celaleddin Bey. Yusuf Akçura's article entitled ''Üç Tarz-ı Siyaset'' (Ottoman Turkish: Three political systems) was serialized in the magazine from 24th to 26th issues between April and May 1904. He argued that the Ottomanism, Islamism Islamism is a range of re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cairo
Cairo ( ; , ) is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Egypt and the Cairo Governorate, being home to more than 10 million people. It is also part of the List of urban agglomerations in Africa, largest urban agglomeration in Africa, List of largest cities in the Arab world, the Arab world, and List of largest metropolitan areas of the Middle East, the Middle East. The Greater Cairo metropolitan area is List of largest cities, one of the largest in the world by population with over 22.1 million people. The area that would become Cairo was part of ancient Egypt, as the Giza pyramid complex and the ancient cities of Memphis, Egypt, Memphis and Heliopolis (ancient Egypt), Heliopolis are near-by. Located near the Nile Delta, the predecessor settlement was Fustat following the Muslim conquest of Egypt in 641 next to an existing ancient Roman empire, Roman fortress, Babylon Fortress, Babylon. Subsequently, Cairo was founded by the Fatimid Caliphate, Fatimid dynasty in 969. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of Islamic Studies
The ''Journal of Islamic Studies'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal for the field of Islamic studies. The journal was founded in 1992 at the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies and is published by Oxford University Press. It is indexed by the ATLA Religion Database, the International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, the British Humanities Index The British Humanities Index is a database published by ProQuest ProQuest LLC is an Ann Arbor, Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan-based global information-content and technology company, founded in 1938 as University Microfilms by Eugene Power. P ..., and EBSCO Historical Abstracts. The editor is Farhan Ahmad Nizami of Magdalen College, Oxford. (Accessed June 27 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Committee Of Union And Progress
The Ottoman Committee of Union and Progress (CUP, also translated as the Society of Union and Progress; , French language, French: ''Union et Progrès'') was a revolutionary group, secret society, and political party, active between 1889 and 1926 in the Ottoman Empire and in the Turkey, Republic of Turkey. The foremost faction of the Young Turks, the CUP instigated the 1908 Young Turk Revolution, which ended absolute monarchy and began the Second Constitutional Era. After an ideological transformation, from 1913 to 1918, the CUP ruled the empire as a dictatorship and committed Genocides in history#Ottoman Empire/Turkey, genocides against the Armenian genocide, Armenian, Greek genocide, Greek, and Sayfo, Assyrian peoples as part of a broader policy of ethnic erasure during the late Ottoman period. The CUP and its members have often been referred to as "Young Turks", although the Young Turk movement produced List of political parties in the Ottoman Empire, other Ottoman political par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meşveret
''Meşveret'' (Ottoman Turkish: , French: ''Mechvéret'') was a bimonthly magazine which existed between 1895 and 1898. Published in Paris the magazine was the first official organ of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) and was subtitled as “the media organ of the Ottoman Committee of Union and Progress". Its motto was ''ordo et progrès'' (). History and profile The first issue of ''Meşveret'' appeared on 1 December 1895. Ahmet Rıza, exiled leader of the Committee of Union and Progress, was the cofounder and editor of the magazine which was published in Paris to support the policies of the Committee. The other founders included Albert Fua, Aristidi Efendi and Halil Ganem. The latter was also a regular contributor. They were part of the ''Osmanlı İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti'' (Ottoman Turkish: ''Committee of the Ottoman Union and Progress''), one of the precursor groups of the CUP. The magazine functioned as the official media outlet of this group. Notable contributor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
