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Yule Log
The Yule log is a specially selected log burnt on a hearth as a winter tradition in regions of Europe, and subsequently North America. Today, this tradition is celebrated by Christians and modern pagans on or around Christmas/Yule. The name by which this tradition goes, as well as when and how the Yule log should be burnt, varies widely with time and place. The first solid evidence for this tradition originates in 1184 CE as a Christian Christmas eve tradition. The practice was originally known as the Christmas log (and still is in languages other than English), with Yule log first used in the late 17th century. The origins of the yule log are unclear, with scholar proposing a variety of possible theories ranging from a medieval Christmas tradition, a surviving ritual from Albanian, Roman, Celtic, Germanic, Baltic or Slavic paganism, or as a Proto-Indo-European ritual that has survived in a variety of cultures until today. Folklorist Linda Watts provides the following overview o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chambers Yule Log
Chambers commonly refers to: * Chambers (surname), including a list of people with the name * ''Chambers'' (TV series), a 2019 American supernatural horror show Chambers may also refer to: Places Canada * Chambers Township, Ontario United States * Chambers, Arizona *Chambers, Nebraska * Chambers, West Virginia * Chambers Branch, a stream in Kansas *Chambers County, Alabama * Chambers County, Texas * Chambers Township, Holt County, Nebraska Businesses and products * Chambers (publisher), formerly Chambers Publishers ** ''Chambers Dictionary'', first published 1872 ** ''Chambers Biographical Dictionary'', first published in 1897 ** ''Chambers's Encyclopaedia'', 1859–1979 * Chambers Communications, an American broadcasting company * Chambers and Partners, producing rankings for the legal industry * Chambers stove, cooking appliances sold under the Chambers brand Other uses * ''Chambers'' (album), by Steady & Co., 2001 * ''Chambers'' (series), a British radio and TV sit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mōdraniht
or (; Old English for "Night of the Mothers" or "Mothers' Night") was an event held on or around the northern hemisphere's longest night of the year ( the winter or hibernal solstice), by Anglo-Saxon pagans. The event is solely attested by the medieval English historian Bede in his eighth-century Latin work . It has been suggested that sacrifices may have occurred during this event. Scholars have proposed connections between the Anglo-Saxon and events attested among other Germanic peoples (specifically those involving the , collective female ancestral beings, and Yule), and the Germanic , female beings attested by way of altar and votive inscriptions, nearly always appearing in trios. The Norse equivalent to Mōdraniht was ' (alternatively ''hǫggunátt'', in , Icelandic and , ). The meaning of the prefix ''hǫku-/hǫggu-'' is unknown. Attestation In , Bede writes that the pagan Anglo-Saxons: Theories and interpretations Scholars have linked these ' ("Mothers") with the G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint Pirmin
Saint Pirmin (latinized ''Pirminius'', born before 700 ( according to many sources), died November 3, 753 in Hornbach), was a Merovingian-era monk and missionary. He founded or restored numerous monasteries in Alemannia (Swabia), especially in the Alsace, along the Upper Rhine and in the Lake Constance region. Biography Pirmin was probably from the area of Narbonne, possibly of Visigothic origin. Many Visigoths fled to Francia after the Arab conquest of Spain at the beginning of the 8th century. From 718 onwards, he was abbot of the monastery ''Quortolodora'' in Antwerp (Austrasia) and, together with its pupils, served the church inside the broch, Het Steen. (In the 12th century, this church was dedicated to Saint Walpurga.) According to legend, Pirmin blessed a spring that wells up near Kaundorf. The spring’s water is said to have healing properties. A chapel on the site is dedicated to him. After a while Pirmin was invited by count Rohingus to stay at his ''villa'' in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calends
The calends or kalends () is the first day of every month in the Roman calendar. The English word "calendar" is derived from this word. Use The Romans called the first day of every month the ''calends'', signifying the start of a new lunar phase. On this day, the pontiffs would announce the number of days until the next month at the Curia Calabra; in addition, debtors had to pay off their debts on this day. These debts were inscribed in the ''kalendaria'', effectively an accounting book. Modern calendars count the number of days ''after'' the first of each month; by contrast, the Roman calendar counted the number of days ''until'' certain upcoming dates (such as the calends, the nones or the ides). The day before the calends was called ''pridie kalendas'', but the day before that was counted as the "third day", as Romans used inclusive counting. To calculate the day of the calends of the upcoming month, counting the number of days remaining in the current month is neces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vulcan (mythology)
Vulcan (, in archaically retained spelling also ''Volcanus'', both pronounced ) is the god of fire including the fire of volcanoes, deserts, metalworking and the forge in ancient Roman religion and Roman mythology, myth. He is often depicted with a blacksmith's hammer. The Vulcanalia was the annual Roman festival, festival held August 23 in his honor. His interpretatio graeca, Greek counterpart is Hephaestus, the god of fire and smithery. In Etruscan religion, he is identified with Sethlans (mythology), Sethlans. Vulcan belongs to the most ancient stage of Roman religion: Varro, the ancient Roman scholar and writer, citing the Annales Maximi, records that king Titus Tatius dedicated altars to a series of deities including Vulcan. Etymology The origin of the name is unclear. Roman tradition maintained that it was related to Latin words connected to lightning (), which in turn was thought of as related to flames. This interpretation is supported by Walter William Skeat in his et ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
De Correctione Rusticorum
''De correctione rusticorum'' ('on the correction of rural people'), also known as ''Pro castigatione rusticorum'' ('for the castigation of rural people') is a letter by Saint Martin of Braga (c. 520–580 CE), written in Gallaecia. The text begins with a letter from Martin to Bishop Polemius of Astorga, indicating that Polemius had asked Martin to write a piece on the origin of idols. Compared with Caesarius of Arles, Martin seems to take a gentler stance on how to accommodate non-Christian traditions in the course of missionary work in the region. Sources and influence The ''De correctione'' drew on '' De catechizandis rudibus'' by Augustine of Hippo It was in turn a major influence on Pirmin of Reichenau's ''Scarapsus'', and a source for several of Ælfric of Eynsham's sermons, not least his famous '' De falsis diis''. The text may also have been referred to directly by the writer of the Old Norse Old Norse, also referred to as Old Nordic or Old Scandinavian, was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Braga
Braga (; ) is a cities of Portugal, city and a Municipalities of Portugal, municipality, capital of the northwestern Portugal, Portuguese Braga (district), district of Braga and of the historical and cultural Minho Province. Braga Municipality had a resident population of 201,583 inhabitants (in 2023), representing the seventh largest municipality in Portugal by population. Its area is 183.40 km2. Its agglomerated urban area extends to the Cávado River and is the third most populated urban area in Portugal, behind Lisbon Metropolitan Area, Lisbon and Porto Metropolitan Areas. It is host to the oldest Portuguese archdiocese, the Archdiocese of Braga of the Catholic Church and it is the seat of the Primacy of the Spains. During the Roman Empire, then known as Bracara Augusta, the settlement was the capital of the Roman province of Gallaecia and later would become the capital of the Kingdom of the Suebi that was one of the first territories to separate from the Roman Empire i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martin Of Braga
Saint Martin of Braga (in Latin ''Martinus Bracarensis'', in Portuguese, known as ''Martinho de Dume'' 520–580 AD), also known as Saint Martin of Dumio, was an archbishop of Bracara Augusta in Gallaecia (now Braga in Portugal), a missionary, a monastic founder, and an ecclesiastical author. According to his contemporary, the historian Gregory of Tours, Martin was ''plenus virtutibus'' ("full of virtue") and ''in tantum se litteris imbuit ut nulli secundus sui temporis haberetur'' ("he so instructed himself in learning that he was considered second to none in his lifetime").''Decem Libri Historiarum'', V.37; translated by Lewis Thorpe, ''History of the Franks'' (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1974), p. 301 He was later canonized by the Catholic Church for his work in converting the inhabitants of Gallaecia to Chalcedonian Christianity, being granted the cognomen of "Apostle to the Suevi". His feast day is 20 March. Life Born in Pannonia, in Central Europe, Martin made a pilgrima ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matins
Matins (also Mattins) is a canonical hour in Christian liturgy, originally sung during the darkness of early morning (between midnight and dawn). The earliest use of the term was in reference to the canonical hour, also called the vigil, which was originally celebrated by monks from about two hours after midnight to, at latest, the dawn, the time for the canonical hour of lauds (a practice still followed in certain orders). It was divided into two or (on Sundays) three nocturns. Outside of monasteries, it was generally recited at other times of the day, often in conjunction with lauds. Liturgy In the Liturgy of the Hours of the Roman Catholic Church, Matins is also called “the Office of Readings”, which includes several psalms, a chapter of a book of Scripture (assigned according to the liturgical seasons), and a reading from the works of patristic authors or saints. In the Byzantine Rite, these vigils correspond to the aggregate comprising the Midnight office, orthros, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Advent
Advent is a season observed in most Christian denominations as a time of waiting and preparation for both the celebration of Jesus's birth at Christmas and the return of Christ at the Second Coming. It begins on the fourth Sunday before Christmas, often referred to as Advent Sunday. Advent is the beginning of the liturgical year in Western Christianity. The name comes from Latin ('coming; arrival'), translating the Greek from the New Testament, originally referring to the Second Coming. The season of Advent in the Christian calendar anticipates the "coming of Christ" from three different perspectives: the physical nativity in Bethlehem, the reception of Christ in the heart of the believer, and the eschatological Second Coming. Practices associated with Advent include Advent calendars, lighting an Advent wreath, praying an Advent daily devotional, erecting a Chrismon tree, lighting a Christingle, as well as other ways of preparing for Christmas, such as setting up Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik, historically known as Ragusa, is a city in southern Dalmatia, Croatia, by the Adriatic Sea. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations in the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean, a Port, seaport and the centre of the Dubrovnik-Neretva County. In 2021, its total population was 41,562. Recognizing its outstanding medieval architecture and fortifications, UNESCO inscribed the Old City of Dubrovnik as a World Heritage Site in 1979. The history of the city probably dates back to the 7th century, when the town known as was founded by refugees from Epidaurum (). It was under protectorate of the Byzantine Empire and later under the sovereignty of the Republic of Venice. Between the 14th and 19th centuries, Dubrovnik ruled itself as a Free state (polity), free state. The prosperity of the city was historically based on trade, maritime trade; as the capital of the maritime Republic of Ragusa, it achieved a high level of development, particularly during the 15th and 16t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahlen
Ahlen (; Westphalian language, Westphalian: ''Aulen'') is a Town#Germany, town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, 30 km southeast of Münster. Ahlen is part of the Warendorf (district), District of Warendorf and is economically the most important town in that Districts of Germany, district. Ahlen is part of the larger Münster (region), Münster Regierungsbezirk, region, and of the historic Münsterland area. The nearby villages of Dolberg (Ahlen), Dolberg, Ahlen-Vorhelm, Vorhelm and Tönnishäuschen are part of Ahlen, as well. The largest neighboring town is the city of Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia, Hamm to the southwest. Geography Neighbouring towns Surrounding Ahlen are the towns of Sendenhorst, Ennigerloh, Beckum, Germany, Beckum, Lippetal, Heessen (District of the city of Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia, Hamm) and Drensteinfurt. Town districts * Ahlen (downtown) with the farming communities of Borbein, Brockhausen, Ester (Ahlen), Ester, Halene, Oestrich (Ahlen), Oestrich ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
