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Yasht
A Yasht (, ) is a hymn of praise composed in the Young Avestan language and dedicated to specific Zoroastrian divinities. The term commonly applies to the collection of 21 Yashts, although it may also refer to other texts within the wider Avesta collection. Name The English word ''yasht'' is derived from Middle Persian 𐭩𐭱𐭲 (, "prayer, worship"). In the Pahlavi literature, the word is used interchangeably with ''yasn''. Yasht probably originated from Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬀 (, "honored") from 𐬫𐬀𐬰 (, "to worship, honor"). It may ultimately go back to Proto-Indo-European ''*yeh₂ǵ-'' or ''*Hyaǵ-''. Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬀 is also the origin of two other terms. First, Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬯𐬥𐬀 (, act of worship), which is a general Zoroastrian term for an act of worship or specifically the Yasna ritual, and, second, Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬙𐬀 (, (being) worthy of worship), which is a general Zoroastrian term for divinity. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Srosh Yasht
The term Srosh Yasht refers to two different hymns in the Avesta, both of which are named after Sraosha, the Zoroastrian hypostasis of ''Obedience'' and ''Observance''. The first hymn is the eleventh Yasht of the 21 Yasht collection, whereas the second hymn is formed by Yasna 57. Overview ''Srosh'' is the Middle Persian version of Avestan Sraosha, which is the name of the Zoroastrian divinity representing ''Obedience''. It is also the name of the 17th day of the month in the Zoroastrian calendar. There are two different hymns in the Avesta collection which are dedicated to Sraosha and consequently both are called ''Srosh Yasht''. The first one is found in the Yasht collection, where it occupies the eleventh place. The other one forms chapter 57 of the Yasna but is also sometimes grouped into the Yasht collection as Yasht 11a. To distinguish the Yasht 11 from Yasna 57 (Yt. 11a), the former is sometimes called ''Srosh Yasht Hadoxt'' and the latter ''Srosh Yasht se shabag''. Sros ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Gosh Yasht
The Gosh Yasht also known as Drwasp Yasht is the ninth Yasht of the 21 Yasht collection. It is named after the 14th day of the month in the Zoroastrian calendar, but its content is dedicated to the praise of Drvaspa, a Zoroastrian divinity associated with horses. Within the Yasht collection Within the collection of 21 Yashts, the Gosh Yasht is the ninth hymn. It consists of 7 ''Kardas'', i.e., chapters, and 32 stanzas. It is classified as a ''Legendary Yasht'' because of the lengthy description of legendary figures worshipping Drvaspa. The Yasht is celebrated on the 14th day of the month in the Zoroastrian calendar. The written history of the Gosh Yasht probably began jointly with several other Yashts by being part of the Bagan yasht, one of the volumes of the lost Sasanian Avesta. Descriptions in later works indicate that it may have formed its sixth chapter. The oldest manuscript containing the text of the Gosh Yasht is the F1 manuscript (ms. 6550) written in 1591 by Asdin Kak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Tishtar Yasht
The Tishtar Yasht also known as Tir Yasht is the eighth Yasht of the 21 Yasht collection. It is named after and dedicated to the praise of Tishtrya, a Zoroastrian divinity associated with rainfall and the star Sirius. Within the Yasht collection Within the collection of 21 Yashts, the Tishtar Yasht is the eight hymn. According to the Zoroastrian tradition, its text is divided into 16 sections called ''Kardas''. To better reference specific verses, modern scholarship divides the Yashts into stanzas, and within this scheme, the Tishtar consists of 61 stanzas. Together with Yasht 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14, it is classified as a ''Hymnic Yasht''. This means that its content focusses on the properties and actions of the divinity, which are perceived as ongoing. Like the other Yashts, the Tishtar Yasht has a special day dedicated in the Zoroastrian calendar, namely the thirteenth day. Name Tishtar is the Middle Persian name of Sirius. Its Avestan name is Tishtrya, the Zoroastrian di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Mihr Yasht
The Mihr Yasht is the tenth Yasht of the 21 Yasht collection and is dedicated to the veneration of Mithra. It belongs to the so called ''Great Yashts'' and, with 145 stanzas, it is one of the longest in the collection. Overview The Mihr Yasht is named after Mithra, whose name in Middle Persian became mihr. Mithra is the Zoroastrian divinity associated with oaths, contracts and the Sun. The Mihr Yasht is the hymn of the sixteenth day of the month in the Zoroastrian calendar. It has 145 stanzas and belongs to the so called ''Great Yashts''. This term refers to the longer Yashts, which are often considered to be older and more important. Within this group, the Mihr Yasht is sometimes grouped together with Yashts 8, 13 and 14, into the hymnic group. Some parts of the Yasht have been incorporated into the Mihr Niyayishn, the second prayer from the Niyayishn collection, which is also dedicated to Mithra. History Mithra, the Zoroastrian divinity being praised in the Mihr Yasht, is r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Ohrmazd Yasht
The Ohrmazd Yasht is the first Yasht of the Yasht collection. It is named after and dedicated to Ahura Mazda, the central divinity of Zoroastrianism. Overview ''Ohrmazd'' is the Middle Persian name of Ahura Mazda as well as of the first day of the month on which the Yasht is celebrated. It consists of 33 stanzas. Within the Yasht collection of 21 Yashts, the Ohrmazd Yasht is the first hymn. Compard to the so called Great Yashts, it is assumed to be a later text. Regardless, it is by far the most popular of the hymns. The Ormazd Yasht does not contain any of the elements typical of the legendary or hymnic Yashts and is therefore categorized as a ''minor'' Yasht. It does, however, use the so called ''Frasna-formula'', where the texts is presented as a conversation between Zarathustra and Ahura Mazda. Structure and content The content of the Ohrmazd Yasht primarily covers the many names of Ahura Mazda. After the introductory stanzas 1-6, stanzas 7-11 contain a list of the 20 names o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Haft Amahraspand Yasht
The Haft Amahraspand Yasht or Haf-tan Yasht is the second Yasht of the Yasht collection. It is named after and dedicated to the Amesha Spentas. Name ''Haft Amahraspand'' is a compound term of Middle Persian ''haft'', with the meaning ''seven'', and ''amahraspand'', the Middle Persian term for the Amesha Spenta. It therefore means the ''seven Amesha Spentas''. The hymn is also known as ''Haf-tan Yasht'' or ''Haptan Yasht'' meaning ''Yasht of the Seven''. Within the Yasht collection Within the Yasht collection of 21 Yashts, the Haft Amahraspand Yasht is the second hymn. Overall, the literary quality of the Yasht is considered inferior. It is performed on the first seven days of the month, which are dedicated to the Amesha Spenta. There are a number of features which set it apart from the other Yashts. First, while most Yashts are dedicated to a single divinity, the Haft Amahraspand Yasht, as well as the Frawardin Yasht, is dedicated to several divinities. Furthermore, unlike mos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Aban Yasht
The Aban Yasht is the fifth Yasht of the 21 Yasht collection. It is named after Aban, the Waters, but is actually in praise of Anahita. It belongs to the so called ''Legendary Yashts'' and, with 132 stanzas, it is the third longest in the collection. Overview The Aban Yasht is named after Aban, the personification of the Waters, but its content makes it clear that it is actually addressed to Anahita. Anahita is a goddess of rivers and lakes and, in Zoroastrian practice, she fused with Aban over time. It is the fifth Yasht of the 21 Yasht collection and it is grouped into the ''Legendary Yashts'', due to the lenghty descriptions of Avestan heroes sacrificing to her. Several verses of the Yasht form the Aban Niyayishn, also known as the Ardwi Sur Banu Niyayishn. The Aban Niyayishn is the fourth prayer from the Niyayishn collection, and likewise dedicated to Aban and Anahita. Both, the Aban Yasht and Aban Niyayishn are never recited in the presence of fire but only near bodies of w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Rashn Yasht
The Rashn Yasht is the twelfth Yasht of the 21 Yasht collection. It is named after and dedicated to the veneration of Rashnu, the Zoroastrian divinity representing Justice. Structure The Rashn Yasht consists of 39 stanzas, but it is sometimes additionally divided into 30 or 31 sections called Kardes. Such a subdivision can be found for many of the Yashts. Its application to the Rash Yasht, however, is inconsistent, since several of the oldest manuscript traditions do not have it. As a consequence, there is no consensus in modern editions of the Yasht as well. While, e.g., Westergaard and Darmesteter divide the Yasht into Kardes in their editions, Geldner and Lommel do not. Content The Rashn Yasht begins with the typical framing of many Yashts, as a dialogue between Zarathustra and Ahura Mazda. Unlike other Yashts, however, this framing device is not used during the rest of the text. The next part is formed by stanzas 3-8. These verses include a description of the ritual actions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Avesta
The Avesta (, Book Pahlavi: (), Persian language, Persian: ()) is the text corpus of Zoroastrian literature, religious literature of Zoroastrianism. All its texts are composed in the Avestan language and written in the Avestan alphabet. Modern Edition (book), editions of the Avesta are based on the various manuscript traditions that have survived in Zoroastrianism in India, India and Zoroastrianism in Iran, Iran. The individual texts of the Avesta were originally Oral tradition, oral compositions. They were composed over a long period of several centuries during the Avestan period, Old Iranian period (possibly ranging from 15th century BCE – 4th century BCE). The written transmission began during the Sassanian empire, Sassanian period, with the creation of the Avestan alphabet. The resulting texts were then compiled into a comprehensive edition of the Sasanian Avesta, Avesta in 21 volumes. This edition was lost sometime after the 10th century CE and only a small part survi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Aredvi Sura Anahita
Anahita is the Old Persian form of the name of an Iranian goddess and appears in complete and earlier form as ('), the Avestan name of an Indo-Iranian cosmological figure venerated as the divinity of "the Waters" ( Aban) and hence associated with fertility, healing and wisdom. There is also a temple named Anahita in Iran. Aredvi Sura Anahita is ''Ardwisur Anahid'' (اردویسور آناهید) in Middle and Modern Persian, and ''Anahit'' in Armenian. An iconic shrine sects of Aredvi Sura Anahita was, together with other shrine sects, "introduced apparently in the 4th century BCE and lasted until it was suppressed in the wake of an iconoclastic movement under the Sasanids.". The symbol of goddess Anahita is the Lotus flower. Lotus Festival (Persian: Jashn-e Nilupar) is an Iranian festival that is held on the end of the first week of July. Holding this festival at this time was probably based on the blooming of lotus flowers at the beginning of summer. The Greek and Roman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Asha Vahishta
''Asha'' () or ''arta'' (; ) is a Zoroastrian concept with a complex and highly nuanced range of meaning. It is commonly summarized in accord with its contextual implications of 'truth' and 'right' (or 'righteousness'), 'order' and 'right working'... It is of cardinal importance. to Zoroastrian theology and doctrine. In the moral sphere, ''aṣ̌a/arta'' represents what has been called "the decisive confessional concept of Zoroastrianism". qtd. in . The opposite of ''aṣ̌a'' is ''druj'' (). Its Old Persian equivalent is ''arta-''. In Middle Iranian languages the term appears as ''ard-''. The word is also the proper name of the divinity Asha, the Amesha Spenta that is the hypostasis or "genius". of "Truth" or "Righteousness". In the Younger Avesta, this figure is more commonly referred to as Asha Vahishta (''Aṣ̌a Vahišta'', ''Arta Vahišta''), "Best Truth". The Middle Persian descendant is ''Ashawahist'' or ''Ardwahisht''; New Persian ''Ardibehesht'' or ''Ordibeh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
