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X.Org Server
X.Org Server is the free and open-source implementation of the X Window System (X11) display server stewarded by the X.Org Foundation. Implementations of the client-side X Window System protocol exist in the form of ''X11 libraries'', which serve as helpful APIs for communicating with the X server. Two such major X libraries exist for X11. The first of these libraries was Xlib, the original C language X11 API, but another C language X library, XCB, was created later in 2001. Other smaller X libraries exist, both as interfaces for Xlib and XCB in other languages, and as smaller standalone X libraries. The services with which the X.Org Foundation supports X Server include the packaging of the releases; certification (for a fee); evaluation of improvements to the code; developing the web site, and handling the distribution of monetary donations. The releases are coded, documented, and packaged by global developers. Software architecture The X.Org Server implements the serv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
C (programming Language)
C (''pronounced'' '' – like the letter c'') is a general-purpose programming language. It was created in the 1970s by Dennis Ritchie and remains very widely used and influential. By design, C's features cleanly reflect the capabilities of the targeted Central processing unit, CPUs. It has found lasting use in operating systems code (especially in Kernel (operating system), kernels), device drivers, and protocol stacks, but its use in application software has been decreasing. C is commonly used on computer architectures that range from the largest supercomputers to the smallest microcontrollers and embedded systems. A successor to the programming language B (programming language), B, C was originally developed at Bell Labs by Ritchie between 1972 and 1973 to construct utilities running on Unix. It was applied to re-implementing the kernel of the Unix operating system. During the 1980s, C gradually gained popularity. It has become one of the most widely used programming langu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Direct Rendering Manager
The Direct Rendering Manager (DRM) is a subsystem of the Linux kernel responsible for interfacing with Graphics processing unit, GPUs of modern video cards. DRM exposes an Application programming interface, API that user-space programs can use to send commands and data to the GPU and perform operations such as configuring the mode setting of the display. DRM was first developed as the kernel-space component of the X.Org Server, X Server Direct Rendering Infrastructure, but since then it has been used by other graphic stack alternatives such as Wayland (display server protocol), Wayland and standalone applications and libraries such as Simple DirectMedia Layer , SDL2 and Kodi (software) , Kodi. User-space programs can use the DRM API to command the GPU to do hardware acceleration, hardware-accelerated 3D rendering and video decoding, as well as General-purpose computing on graphics processing units, GPGPU computing. Overview The Linux kernel already had an Application program ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
XFree86
XFree86 is an implementation of the X Window System. It was originally written for Unix-like operating systems on IBM PC compatibles and was available for many other operating systems and platforms. It is free software, free and Open-source software, open source software under the XFree86 License version 1.1. It was developed by the XFree86 Project, Inc. The lead developer was David Dawes. The last released version was 4.8.0, released December 2008. The last XFree86 Concurrent Versions System, CVS commit was made on May 18, 2009; the project was confirmed dormant in December 2011. For most of the 1990s and early 2000s, the project was the source of most innovation in X and was the ''de facto'' steward of X development. Until early 2004, it was almost universal on Linux and the Berkeley Software Distribution, BSDs. In February 2004, with version 4.4.0, The XFree86 Project began distributing new code with a copyright license that the Free Software Foundation considered GNU General ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harm Hanemaayer
Harm is a moral and legal concept with multiple definitions. It generally functions as a synonym for evil or anything that is bad under certain moral systems. Something that causes harm is harmful, and something that does not is harmless. Philosophical construction Moral philosopher Bernard Gert construed harm (or "evil") as any of the following: * pain * death * disability * mortality * loss of ability or freedom * loss of pleasure. Joel Feinberg gives an account of harm as setbacks to interests. He distinguishes ''welfare interests'' from ''ulterior interests''. Hence on his view there are two kinds of harm. ''Welfare interests'' are ''Ulterior interests'' are "a person's more ultimate goals and aspirations", such as "producing good novels or works of art, solving a crucial scientific problem, achieving high political office, successfully raising a family". Many philosophers have proposed variations of moral obligations to avoid causing harm, or have promoted harml ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hardware Acceleration
Hardware acceleration is the use of computer hardware designed to perform specific functions more efficiently when compared to software running on a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU). Any transformation of data that can be calculated in software running on a generic CPU can also be calculated in custom-made hardware, or in some mix of both. To perform computing tasks more efficiently, generally one can invest time and money in improving the software, improving the hardware, or both. There are various approaches with advantages and disadvantages in terms of decreased latency, increased throughput, and reduced energy consumption. Typical advantages of focusing on software may include greater versatility, more rapid development, lower non-recurring engineering costs, heightened portability, and ease of updating features or patching bugs, at the cost of overhead to compute general operations. Advantages of focusing on hardware may include speedup, reduced power c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linux Graphics Drivers 2D
Linux ( ) is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged as a Linux distribution (distro), which includes the kernel and supporting system software and libraries—most of which are provided by third parties—to create a complete operating system, designed as a clone of Unix and released under the copyleft GPL license. Thousands of Linux distributions exist, many based directly or indirectly on other distributions; popular Linux distributions include Debian, Fedora Linux, Linux Mint, Arch Linux, and Ubuntu, while commercial distributions include Red Hat Enterprise Linux, SUSE Linux Enterprise, and ChromeOS. Linux distributions are frequently used in server platforms. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses and recommends the name "GNU/Linux" to emphasize the use and imp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SNA (computer Graphics)
In computing, SNA (Sandybridge's New Acceleration) is a graphics acceleration architecture for the X.Org Server developed by Intel as a replacement for UXA. See also * EXA * UXA * Direct Rendering Infrastructure The Direct Rendering Infrastructure (DRI) is the framework comprising the modern Linux graphics stack which allows unprivileged user-space programs to issue commands to graphics hardware without conflicting with other programs. The main use ... * Glamor References X-based libraries {{Compu-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UMA Acceleration Architecture
In computing, UMA Acceleration Architecture (UXA) is the reimplementation of the EXA graphics acceleration architecture of the X.Org Server developed by Intel. Its major difference with EXA is the use of GEM, replacing Translation Table Maps. In February 2009 it became clear that UXA would not be merged back into EXA. Intel is transitioning from UXA to SNA. Implementations In May 2009 it was announced that Ubuntu would migrate their graphics acceleration for the Ubuntu 9.10 release to UXA. See also * Direct Rendering Infrastructure * Mesa 3D Mesa, also called Mesa3D and The Mesa 3D Graphics Library, is an open-source software, open source implementation of OpenGL, Vulkan, and other graphics API specifications. Mesa translates these specifications to vendor-specific graphics hardware ... * EGL References X-based libraries {{Compu-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polaris (microarchitecture)
Graphics Core Next (GCN) is the Code name, codename for a series of microarchitectures and an instruction set architecture that were developed by AMD for its graphics processing unit, GPUs as the successor to its TeraScale (microarchitecture), TeraScale microarchitecture. The first product featuring GCN was launched on January 9, 2012. GCN is a Reduced instruction set computer, reduced instruction set Single instruction, multiple data, SIMD microarchitecture contrasting the very long instruction word SIMD architecture of TeraScale. GCN requires considerably more transistors than TeraScale, but offers advantages for General-purpose computing on graphics processing units, general-purpose GPU (GPGPU) computation due to a simpler compiler. GCN graphics chips were Semiconductor device fabrication, fabricated with CMOS at 28 nm, and with FinFET at 14 nm process, 14 nm (by Samsung Electronics and GlobalFoundries) and 7 nm process, 7 nm (by TSMC), available on selected models in AM ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesa 3D
Mesa, also called Mesa3D and The Mesa 3D Graphics Library, is an open-source software, open source implementation of OpenGL, Vulkan, and other graphics API specifications. Mesa translates these specifications to vendor-specific graphics hardware drivers. Its most important users are two graphics drivers mostly developed and funded by Intel and AMD for their respective hardware (AMD promotes their Mesa drivers Radeon and RadeonSI over the deprecated AMD Catalyst, and Intel has only supported the Mesa driver). Proprietary graphics drivers (e.g., Nvidia GeForce driver and Catalyst) replace all of Mesa, providing their own implementation of a graphics API. An open-source effort to write a Mesa Nvidia driver called Nouveau (software), Nouveau is developed mostly by the community. Besides 3D applications such as games, modern display servers (Glamor (software), X.org's Glamor or Wayland (display server protocol), Wayland's Weston (software), Weston) use OpenGL/EGL (API), EGL; therefor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Free And Open-source Graphics Device Driver
A free and open-source graphics device driver is a software stack which controls computer-graphics hardware and supports graphics-rendering application programming interfaces (APIs) and is released under a free and open-source software license. Graphics device drivers are written for specific hardware to work within a specific operating system kernel and to support a range of APIs used by applications to access the graphics hardware. They may also control output to the display if the display driver is part of the graphics hardware. Most free and open-source graphics device drivers are developed by the Mesa project. The driver is made up of a compiler, a rendering API, and software which manages access to the graphics hardware. Drivers without freely (and legally) -available source code are commonly known as ''binary drivers''. Binary drivers used in the context of operating systems that are prone to ongoing development and change (such as Linux) create problems for end users an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
