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Wundowie, Western Australia
Wundowie is a town in Western Australia located between Perth and Northam in the Darling Range. It was the location of an iron works, and siding and stopping place on the Eastern Railway. It was named in 1907 and was a siding on the Chidlow to Northam section of the railway. The origin of the name is from nearby Woondowing Spring which is an Aboriginal word thought to come from Ngwundow, meaning "to lie down". Following the decision of the government to construct the blast furnace and wood distillation plant (to produce charcoal) in 1943 at Wundowie, plans were made to develop the townsite. Lots were surveyed in 1946 and the town was gazetted in 1947. The design of the town was based on the concepts of the garden city movement of town planning. This is reflected in its street pattern, subdivision layout, location of land uses, open space and the civic core of the town. Construction of the town was by the Western Australian Department of Housing. The charcoal iron Charc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shire Of Northam
The Shire of Northam is a Local government areas of Western Australia, local government area in the Wheatbelt (Western Australia), Wheatbelt region of Western Australia, beyond the northeastern fringe of the Perth metropolitan area centred on the town of Northam, Western Australia, Northam itself. The Shire covers an area of . In 2007, it merged with the Town of Northam, almost tripling its population in the process from a previous size of 3,794 (ABS 2006). History On 24 January 1871, the Northam Road District was constituted under the ''Road Boards Act 1871''. On 4 November 1879, the separate Town of Northam, Municipality of Northam was constituted to manage the town of Northam, Western Australia, Northam. The town expanded beyond the municipal boundaries (which were set at about ) and on 6 September 1957, the municipal boundaries were adjusted to bring all of Northam under it. The Road District lost a significant part of its population in this transfer. On 1 July 1961, the Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charcoal
Charcoal is a lightweight black carbon residue produced by strongly heating wood (or other animal and plant materials) in minimal oxygen to remove all water and volatile constituents. In the traditional version of this pyrolysis process, called charcoal burning, often by forming a charcoal kiln, the heat is supplied by burning part of the starting material itself, with a limited supply of oxygen. The material can also be heated in a closed retort. Modern charcoal briquettes used for outdoor cooking may contain many other additives, e.g. coal. The early history of wood charcoal production spans ancient times, rooted in the abundance of wood in various regions. The process typically involves stacking wood billets to form a conical pile, allowing air to enter through openings at the bottom, and igniting the pile gradually. Charcoal burners, skilled professionals tasked with managing the delicate operation, often lived in isolation to tend their wood piles . Throughout histo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
J S Battye Library
The J S Battye Library (more properly known as the J. S. Battye Library of West Australian History) is an arm of the State Library of Western Australia. It stores much of the state's historical records and original publications including books, newspapers, periodicals, maps, and ephemera, as well as oral history tapes, photographs and artworks, films and video, and non-government records which are kept in the library's Private Archives collection. The Library provides a range of services, including reference, copying, and genealogical services, as well as consultancy and reader education. Founder The Library is named after James Sykes Battye, the first State Librarian, who began the collection in the early 1900s. It was established in December 1956. Librarians Mollie Lukis and Margaret Medcalf were successors to Battye as Battye librarians, and their long service to the Library was an important part of the library's development. Location The Battye Library is housed on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wundowie Charcoal Iron And Wood Distillation Plant
The Wundowie charcoal iron and wood distillation plant manufactured pig iron between 1948 and 1981 and wood distillation products between 1950 and 1977, at Wundowie, Western Australia. Originally a state-owned enterprise, it seems not to have been incorporated as a company, during the time it was known as the Charcoal Iron and Steel Industry. At its greatest extent, the plant comprised two blast furnaces, a metal foundry, a sawmill, retorts for charcoal production, a power plant, and a refinery for wood distillation products. The planned garden town of Wundowie, approximately east of Perth by road and west of Northam, was built to provide accommodation for the workers of the plant. From 1966, the plant was privately managed by Australian National Industries, and its workers became employees of that company. The plant was sold by the government in 1974 to Agnew-Clough Ltd. Production of iron ceased in 1981. The foundry continued in operation, under several different owner ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mundaring, Western Australia
Mundaring is a suburb located 34 km east of Perth, Western Australia on the Great Eastern Highway. The suburb is located within the Shire of Mundaring. The Aboriginal name of the area "Mindah-lung", said to mean "a high place on a high place", was anglicised to become "Mundaring".History of Mundaring www.heritageaustralia.com.au (Retrieved 1 April 2006) The Mundaring area is considered to be part of the Perth Hills area. Newspapers The Mundaring region is currently well served by weekly and monthly newspapers: * ''Chidlow Chatter'' * ''Darlington Review'' – locality specific *''Echo Newspapers'' – weekly – Midland, Western Australia, Midland based Former newspapers in the area included: *''The Darling'' * ''Swan Express'' – although Midland bas ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avon River (Western Australia)
The Avon River is a river in Western Australia. A tributary of the Swan River, the Avon flows from source to mouth, with a catchment area of . Avon catchment area Lake Yealering in the Shire of Wickepin is the point of origin for the upper Avon River, and the catchment size above the confluence with the Salt River at Yenyening Lakes is . The basin covers much of the Western Australian wheatbelt and extends beyond that in some areas near almost-always-dry Lake Moore in the northeast, water is received regularly from only the extreme western edge of the basin. Indeed, until an abnormally wet year in 1963 it was not realised that the northeastern part of the basin beyond Wongan Hills ever drained water into the river. Under present climatic conditions, it is almost impossible to produce runoff from anywhere outside the extreme west of the basin because the amount of rain required to fall before runoff would begin is as high or higher than the mean annual rainfall. The rive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Albany Advertiser
The ''Albany Advertiser'', also published as the ''Australian Advertiser'' and the ''Albany Advertiser and Plantagenet and Denmark Post'', is a biweekly English language newspaper published for Albany and the Great Southern region in Western Australia. First published in 1888 as the ''Albany Advertiser'', the paper is still in circulation. The paper is the oldest continuous-running non-metropolitan newspaper in Western Australia. The paper is printed twice weekly, on Tuesday and Thursday, and distributed to towns through the Great Southern region including Albany, Cranbrook, Mount Barker, Jerramungup, Ravensthorpe, Katanning and Walpole. The office of the newspaper is called ''Newspaper House'' and is located in the main street York Street, Albany. History ''Australian Advertiser'' co-founder, Lancel Victor de Hamel, arrived in Albany in 1886 and announced his intention to run for mayor. De Hamel was given little support from the only paper in town, the conservati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charcoal Iron
Charcoal iron is the substance created by the smelting of iron ore with charcoal. All ironmaking blast furnaces were fueled by charcoal until Abraham Darby I, Abraham Darby introduced coke (fuel), coke as a fuel in 1709. The more economical coke soon replaced charcoal in British furnaces, but in the United States, where timber for charcoal was abundant, charcoal furnaces lingered much longer. Even after the introduction of Anthracite iron, anthracite smelting to the US in 1839, and the development of American coke production later in the century, charcoal iron continued to find favor because of its heat-resistance, toughness, and malleability. The last charcoal furnace in the US did not close until 1945. In Britain, the penultimate furnace built was Alderwasley in 1764, followed by Warsash Furnace in 1869. The last working furnace at Backbarrow converted to coke in 1922. In Western Australia, pig iron was made using charcoal between 1948 and 1981 at Wundowie, Western Austral ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garden City Movement
The garden city movement was a 20th century urban planning movement promoting satellite communities surrounding the central city and separated with Green belt, greenbelts. These Garden Cities would contain proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture. Ebenezer Howard first posited the idea in 1898 as a way to capture the primary benefits of the countryside and the city while avoiding the disadvantages presented by both. In the early 20th century, Letchworth and Welwyn Garden City were built near London according to Howard's concept and many other garden cities inspired by his model have since been built all over the world. History Conception Inspired by the utopian novel ''Looking Backward'' by Edward Bellamy, and Henry George's work ''Progress and Poverty'', Howard published the book '': a Peaceful Path to Real Reform'' in 1898 (reissued in 1902 as ''Garden Cities of To-morrow''). His idealised garden city would house 32,000 people on a site of . Howard's di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Destructive Distillation
Destructive distillation is a chemical process in which decomposition of unprocessed material is achieved by heating it to a high temperature; the term generally applies to processing of organic material in the absence of air or in the presence of limited amounts of oxygen or other reagents, catalysts, or solvents, such as steam or phenols. It is an application of pyrolysis. The process breaks up or " cracks" large molecules. Coke, coal gas, gaseous carbon, coal tar, ammonia liquor, and coal oil are examples of commercial products historically produced by the destructive distillation of coal. Destructive distillation of any particular inorganic feedstock produces only a small range of products as a rule, but destructive distillation of many organic materials commonly produces very many compounds, often hundreds, although not all products of any particular process are of commercial importance. The distillate are generally lower molecular weight. Some fractions however poly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electoral District Of Central Wheatbelt
Central Wheatbelt is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia. The district is centrally located in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia. Politically, Central Wheatbelt is a safe National Party seat. History Central Wheatbelt was first created for the 2008 state election. It was essentially an amalgamation of the abolished National-held districts of Avon and Merredin, although parts of each ended up in neighbouring districts. Roughly half the new district's voters came from each of the two former districts. The original proposal had the newly created district persisting with the name Merredin. However, this was the focus of several objections, as Merredin is but one town in the eastern part of this sizeable electorate. Instead, the more generic name of Central Wheatbelt was adopted. Geography Central Wheatbelt incorporates a number of rural inland shires to the east of Perth. Its population centres include Ball ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blast Furnace
A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals, generally pig iron, but also others such as lead or copper. ''Blast'' refers to the combustion air being supplied above atmospheric pressure. In a blast furnace, fuel ( coke), ores, and flux (limestone) are continuously supplied through the top of the furnace, while a hot blast of (sometimes oxygen enriched) air is blown into the lower section of the furnace through a series of pipes called tuyeres, so that the chemical reactions take place throughout the furnace as the material falls downward. The end products are usually molten metal and slag phases tapped from the bottom, and flue gases exiting from the top. The downward flow of the ore along with the flux in contact with an upflow of hot, carbon monoxide-rich combustion gases is a countercurrent exchange and chemical reaction process. In contrast, air furnaces (such as reverberatory furnaces) are naturally aspirated, usu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
