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Wola Rafałowska, Subcarpathian Voivodeship
Wola () is a district in western Warsaw, Poland. An industrial area with traditions reaching back to the early 19th century, it underwent a transformation into a major financial district, featuring various landmarks and some of the tallest office buildings in the city. History Village Wielka Wola was first mentioned in the 14th century. It became the site of the elections, from 1573 to 1764, of Polish kings by the szlachta (nobility) of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Wola district later became famous for the Polish Army's defence of Warsaw in 1794 during the Kościuszko Uprising and in 1831 during the November Uprising, when Józef Sowiński and Józef Bem defended the city against Tsarist forces. In the 17th century, the jurydyki of Wielopole, Leszno, Nowolipie and Grzybów were established, which were incorporated into Warsaw in 1791, and today are wholly or partly within the boundaries of the Wola district. In the 19th century, Wola developed as a factory ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warsaw
Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at 1.86 million residents within a Warsaw metropolitan area, greater metropolitan area of 3.27 million residents, which makes Warsaw the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, 6th most-populous city in the European Union. The city area measures and comprises List of districts and neighbourhoods of Warsaw, 18 districts, while the metropolitan area covers . Warsaw is classified as an Globalization and World Cities Research Network#Alpha 2, alpha global city, a major political, economic and cultural hub, and the country's seat of government. It is also the capital of the Masovian Voivodeship. Warsaw traces its origins to a small fishing town in Masovia. The city rose to prominence in the late 16th cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Józef Sowiński
Józef Sowiński (1777–1831) was a Polish artillery general and a hero of Poland's November 1830 Uprising. Life Józef Longin Sowiński was born on 15 March 1777 in Warsaw. After graduating from the famous Corps of Cadets in Warsaw, he joined the Polish Army as a lieutenant during the 1794 Kościuszko Uprising. After its suppression and the dismemberment of Poland by Russia, Prussia, and Austria, Sowiński's regiment was drafted into the Prussian army. In 1807, he fought at the Battle of Eylau and received the highest Prussian military decoration, the ''Pour le Mérite''. In 1811, after Napoleon Bonaparte proclaimed the Duchy of Warsaw, Sowiński returned to Polish service. He fought in various battles of the Napoleonic wars. During Napoleon's 1812 invasion of Russia he lost a leg at the Battle of Borodino, near the village of Mozhaysk. He was awarded the Polish Virtuti Militari and the French Legion of Honor. After the Congress of Vienna, he returned to Poland and se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Młynów, Warsaw
Młynów () is a neighbourhood of the western borough of Wola in Warsaw, the capital of Poland. History Since late Middle Ages the area of modern Młynów belonged to the nearby village of Wielka Wola. Initially mostly occupied by arable land, in 1792 the Evangelical Cemetery of the Augsburg Confession was founded there. Soon afterwards additional cemeteries were built nearby: Christian Powązki Cemetery and the Okopowa Street Jewish Cemetery (both in modern times located in the neighbourhood of Powązki). In the 19th century the rapidly growing city swallowed Wola and its fields, located right outside the city limits were a convenient location for numerous windmills, which became the namesake for the entire area: Młynów's literal translation is "Place of Mills". Opening of the Warsaw–Vienna railway saw many granaries constructed there as well. During World War I, in 1916 Młynów, along with the rest of the suburb of Wola, was incorporated into the city of Warsaw. During ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mirów, Warsaw
Mirów () is one of the central neighbourhoods in the Wola district of Warsaw, the capital of Poland. History The neighbourhood is situated between Towarowa Street to west, Solidarity Avenue to the north, John Paul II Avenue to the east and Jerusalem Avenue to the south. The principal thoroughfare of the area is Prosta Street. 18th century The present-day territory of Mirów was once occupied by a ''jurydyka'' called Wielopole, a self-governing town and exclave of Warsaw, just outside the city's borders. By the 18th century, the town lost its independent status and was incorporated into the city limits. The area was named after William Mier, a Scottish officer in Polish service and the commanding officer of the Horse Guard of the Polish Crown Regiment stationed in what became known as the Mirów Barracks. The barracks and stables were completed in 1732. Contemporary Much like the rest of Wola, Mirów was an industrial suburb inhabited by the working classes until the First Wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koło, Warsaw
Koło () is a neighbourhood and an area of the City Information System (Warsaw), City Information System in Warsaw, Poland, within the district of Wola. It is a residential area, with a mixture of single- and multifamily housing. History In 1575, the fields, currently within boundaries of neighbourhoods of Młynów, Warsaw, Młynów, Koło, and Powązki, were set up as the location for the proceedings of the Election sejm, election seym, during which nobility members elected the monarch of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The first proceedings lasted from November to October 1575, when Anna Jagiellon and Stephen Báthory were chosen as the co-rulers. Between the 16th and 18th centuries, nine more rulers were chosen there. The last election was hosted in 1764, when Stanisław August Poniatowski was chosen as the ruler. The area of Koło, at the road leading from Warsaw to Sochaczew, became the location of the Kight Circle (), an assembly of szlachta, nobility members. It ga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czyste
Czysta is one of the neighborhoods of the Wola district of Warsaw, Poland. It is limited by Wolska and Towarowa streets from the north and east and by railway lines from the west and south. Originally Czyste was a village located right outside the Lubomirski Ramparts, that is the outer city defences of Warsaw, between Jerozolimskie Gate and Wola Gate. In 1827 it had 16 houses and 223 inhabitants and was a seat of a gmina. During the Battle of Warsaw of 1831 the village was the focal point of Polish defence of the city. By the end of 19th century rapid expansion of the city of Warsaw led to the village of Czyste virtually merging with the nearby villages of Wielka Wola, Koło and Ochota. The four combined villages had 512 houses and 8000 inhabitants. The new suburb was variously referred to by names of former villages. It was mostly industrial, with many manufactures and factories located there, in addition to over 90 windmills A windmill is a machine operated by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osiedle
(Polish plural: ) is a term used in Poland to denote a designated subdivision or neighbourhood of a city or its , or of a town, with its own council and executive. Like the and sołectwo, an is an auxiliary unit (''jednostka pomocnicza'') of a gmina. These units are created by decision of the gmina council, and do not have legal personality Legal capacity is a quality denoting either the legal aptitude of a person to have rights and liabilities (in this sense also called transaction capacity), or the personhood itself in regard to an entity other than a natural person (in this sen ... in their own right. In the case of an urban-rural gmina, it is also possible for a whole town to be designated an auxiliary unit. Not all Polish cities or towns have in the above sense. However the word is also frequently used to denote any housing estate or development. ReferencesPolish Act of 8 March 1990 on gmina self-government, as amended(in Polish) Administrative divisions of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sub-district III Of Wola (of Armia Krajowa)
The Wola Subdistrict was a command of the Home Army's Warsaw District which was active during World War II. Under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Jan Tarnowski, Home Army units from the subdistrict fought against German-led Axis forces in the 1944 Warsaw Uprising. They fought in the Wola neighbourhood of Warsaw from 1 to 6 August 1944, when Axis units forced them to retreat to the Old Town, Śródmieście and the Kampinos Forest. During their engagements with Home Army fighters from the subdistrict, troops of the Waffen-Sturmbrigade RONA and SS-Sonderregiment Dirlewanger committed the Wola massacre, killing up to 50,000 Polish civilians. A notable fighter from the subdistrict was Jan Kryst. Organisational structure The Wola Subdistrict included the following Home Army The Home Army (, ; abbreviated AK) was the dominant resistance movement in German-occupied Poland during World War II. The Home Army was formed in February 1942 from the earlier Związek Walki Zb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wola Massacre
The Wola massacre () was the systematic killing of between 40,000 and 50,000 Poles in the Wola neighbourhood of the Polish capital city, Warsaw, by the German Waffen-SS, Ordnungpolizei, Sicherheitdienst and the SS-Sonderregiment Dirlewanger, which took place from 5 to 12 August 1944. The massacre was ordered by Heinrich Himmler, who directed to kill "anything that moves" to stop the Warsaw Uprising soon after it began. Tens of thousands of Polish civilians along with captured Home Army resistance fighters were murdered by the Germans in organised mass executions throughout Wola. Whole families, including babies, children and the elderly, were often shot on the spot, but some were killed after torture and sexual assault. Soldiers murdered patients in hospitals, killing them in their beds, as well as the doctors and nurses caring for them. Dogs were let loose to find survivors to be killed. The operation was led by Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski, though its main perpetrators wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warsaw Uprising
The Warsaw Uprising (; ), sometimes referred to as the August Uprising (), or the Battle of Warsaw, was a major World War II operation by the Polish resistance movement in World War II, Polish underground resistance to liberate Warsaw from German occupation. It occurred in the summer of 1944, and it was led by the Polish resistance Home Army (). The uprising was timed to coincide with the retreat of the German forces from Poland ahead of the Soviet advance. While approaching the eastern suburbs of the city, the Red Army halted combat operations, enabling the Germans to regroup and defeat the Polish resistance and to Planned destruction of Warsaw, destroy the city in retaliation. The Uprising was fought for 63 days with little outside support. It was the single largest military effort taken by any European Resistance during World War II, resistance movement during World War II. The defeat of the uprising and suppression of the Home Army enabled the pro-Soviet Polish administra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Felix Dzerzhinsky
Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky (; ; – 20 July 1926), nicknamed Iron Felix (), was a Soviet revolutionary and politician of Polish origin. From 1917 until his death in 1926, he led the first two Soviet secret police organizations, the Cheka and the OGPU, establishing state security organs for the Bolshevik government. He was a key architect of the Red Terror * * and de-Cossackization. Born to a Polish family of noble descent in their Ozhyemblovo Estate (in 1881 named Dzerzhinovo), in Russian Poland, Dzerzhinsky embraced revolutionary politics from a young age, and was active in the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania party. Active in Kaunas and Warsaw, he was frequently arrested and underwent several exiles to Siberia, from which he escaped every time. He evaded the tsarist secret police, the Okhrana, whose work he took interest in. Dzerzhinsky participated in the failed 1905 Revolution, and after a final arrest in 1912, was imprisoned until the Febru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Revolution Of 1905
The Russian Revolution of 1905, also known as the First Russian Revolution, was a revolution in the Russian Empire which began on 22 January 1905 and led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy under the Russian Constitution of 1906, the country's first. The revolution was characterized by mass political and social unrest including worker strikes, peasant revolts, and military mutinies directed against Tsar Nicholas II and the autocracy, who were forced to establish the State Duma legislative assembly and grant certain rights, though both were later undermined. In the years leading up to the revolution, impoverished peasants had become increasingly angered by repression from their landlords and the continuation of semi-feudal relations. Further discontent grew due to mounting Russian losses in the Russo-Japanese War, poor conditions for workers, and urban unemployment. On , known as " Bloody Sunday", a peaceful procession of workers was fired on by guards outside th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
