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Wilhelm Miklas
Wilhelm Miklas (15 October 187220 March 1956) was an Austrian politician who served as the president of Austria from 1928 until the ''Anschluss'' to Nazi Germany in 1938. Early life Born as the son of a post official in Krems, in the Cisleithanian crown land of Lower Austria, Miklas graduated from high school at Seitenstetten and went on to study history and geography at the University of Vienna. From 1905 to 1922, Miklas was headmaster of the Federal Secondary School in Horn, a small town in the Lower Austrian Waldviertel region. Early political career In 1907, Miklas was elected to the Imperial Council (''Reichsrat'') parliament as a member of the Christian Social Party. Re-elected in 1911, Miklas held a parliamentary seat in the provisional assembly of German-Austria and in the Constitutional Assembly of the First Austrian Republic. A rare opponent of German nationalism, he declared himself against a closer connection with the Weimar Republic and played a pivotal role ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
President Of Austria
The president of Austria () is the head of state of the Austria, Republic of Austria. The office of the president was established in 1920 by the Constituent National Assembly (Austria), Constituent National Assembly of the First Austrian Republic, first republic following the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Habsburg monarchy in Aster Revolution, 1918. As head of state, the president indirectly succeeded the emperor of Austria. The power and role of the presidency has varied drastically over time. During the early first republic, the president was an utterly powerless figurehead. In the late first republic, the president received tremendous power but this power was swiftly taken away again following the abrogation of the Federal Constitutional Law, Constitution and the erection of a Federal State of Austria, corporatist dictatorship in 1934. When Anschluss, Nazi Germany annexed Austria in 1938, the presidency was completely abolished. Following the liberation of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Fatherland Front (Austria)
The Fatherland Front (, VF) was the right-wing conservative, authoritarian, nationalist, corporatist, fascist and Catholic ruling political organisation of the Federal State of Austria. It claimed to be a nonpartisan movement, and aimed to unite all the people of Austria, overcoming political and social divisions. Established on 20 May 1933 by Christian Social Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss as the only legally permitted party in the country, it was organised along the lines of Italian Fascism, was fully aligned with the Catholic Church, and did not advocate any racial ideology, as Italian Fascism later did. It advocated Austrian nationalism and independence from Germany on the basis of protecting Austria's Catholic religious identity from what they considered a Protestant-dominated German state. The Fatherland Front, which was strongly linked with Austria's Catholic clergy, absorbed Dollfuss's Christian Social Party, the agrarian '' Landbund'' and the right-wing paramili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Imperial Council (Austria)
The Imperial Council was the legislature of the Austrian Empire from 1861 until 1918. It was a bicameral body: the upper house was the House of Lords (), and the lower house was the House of Deputies (). To become law, bills had to be passed by both houses, signed by the government minister responsible, and then granted royal assent by the Emperor. After having been passed, laws were published in the ''Reichsgesetzblatt'' (lit. Reich Law Gazette). In addition to the Imperial Council, the fifteen individual crown lands of Cisleithania had their own diets (). The seat of the Imperial Council from 4 December 1883 was in the Parliament Building on Ringstraße in Vienna. Prior to the completion of this building, the House of Lords met in the Estates House of Lower Austria, and the House of Deputies met in a temporary wooden building designed by Ferdinand Fellner on Währinger Straße. The Imperial Council was dissolved on 12 November 1918, following Austria-Hungary's defeat in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Waldviertel
The ''Waldviertel'' (; ; Central Bavarian: ; ) is the northwestern region of the Austrian state of Lower Austria. It is bounded to the south by the river Danube, to the southwest by Upper Austria, to the northwest and to the north by the Czech Republic and to the east by the Manhartsberg (), which is the survey point dividing the from the region. Geologically it is part of the Bohemian Massif. In the south are the Wachau and Kamptal wine regions. Districts The following administrative districts of Lower Austria are considered to be part of the * * * * * * northern part of * statutory city of Krems an der Donau Economy The northern Waldviertel (Forest Region) had been part of the Bohemian region of glasshouses since the 14th century. In historical times, Waldviertel sands were good raw materials for forest glass production, especially for colored glass. Further reading * Birgit Zotz Birgit Zotz (born 7 August 1979) is an Austrian writer, cultural anthropo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Horn, Austria
Horn () is a small town in the Waldviertel in Lower Austria, Austria and the capital of the district of the same name. Population Notable people * Marie Andree-Eysn (1847-1929), an Austrian botanist and folklorist. * Moriz Winternitz (1863–1937), scholar, Orientalist and Indologist * Stefan Michael Newerkla (born 1972), an Austrian linguist, Slavist and philologist. * Nikolaus Newerkla (born 1974) an harpsichordist, arranger and conductor. * Dominik Baumgartner (born 1996), an Austrian footballer who has played over 200 games * Christoph Baumgartner (born 1999), an Austrian footballer who has played over 160 games and 36 for Austria Sport 2008 Austrian Cup winner SV Horn Sportverein Horn is a football club based in the city of Horn, Austria, which competes in the Austrian Regionalliga East, one of the third tiers of Austrian football, following relegation from the 2. Liga in the 2024–25. Founded in 192 ... is the local football club. References Ext ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Lower Austria
Lower Austria ( , , abbreviated LA or NÖ) is one of the nine states of Austria, located in the northeastern corner of the country. Major cities are Amstetten, Lower Austria, Amstetten, Krems an der Donau, Wiener Neustadt and Sankt Pölten, which has been the capital city, capital of Lower Austria since 1986, replacing Vienna, which became a separate state in 1921. With a land area of and a population of 1.7 million people, Lower Austria is the largest and second-most-populous state in Austria (after Vienna). Geography With a land area of situated east of Upper Austria, Lower Austria is the country's largest state. Lower Austria derives its name from its downriver location on the river Enns (river), Enns, which flows from the west to the east. Lower Austria has an international border, long, with the Czech Republic (South Bohemian Region, South Bohemia and South Moravian Region, South Moravia) and Slovakia (Bratislava Region, Bratislava and Trnava Regions). The state has the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Cisleithania
Cisleithania, officially The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council (), was the northern and western part of Austria-Hungary, the Dual Monarchy created in the Compromise of 1867—as distinguished from ''Transleithania'' (i.e., the Hungarian Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen east of beyond"the Leitha River). This name for the region was a common, but unofficial one. The Cisleithanian capital was Vienna, the residence of the Austrian emperor. The territory had a population of 28,571,900 in 1910. It reached from Vorarlberg in the west to the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria and the Duchy of Bukovina (today part of Ukraine and Romania) in the east, as well as from the Kingdom of Bohemia in the north to the Kingdom of Dalmatia (today part of Croatia and Montenegro) in the south. It comprised the current States of Austria (except for Burgenland), as well as most of the territories of the Czech Republic and Slovenia (except for Prekmurje), southern Poland, Tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Postage Stamps And Postal History Of Austria
This article deals with the stamps and postal history of the Austrian Empire, Cisleithania within Austria-Hungary, and the Republic of Austria. The historical context The Austrian Empire stamps were first issued on June 1, 1850: a coat of arms under the text KK Post-Stempel. KK is German abbreviation for ''Kaiserlich-Königlich'' (Imperial-Royal) as the Habsburgs were indeed Emperor and Kings. The word Austria does not appear. Territory of the Austrian Empire included current following countries: * in the north: the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland; * in the East Ukraine and Romania; * in the South Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro and the north of Italy; * Austria and Hungary. The languages used in the empire were German language, German, Italian language, Italian, Hungarian language, Hungarian, Czech language, Czech, Serbo-Croatian, Serbo-Croat, Polish language, Polish and French language, French (postmark ''Chargé''). For a better understanding of the historical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a Totalitarianism, totalitarian dictatorship. The Third Reich, meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", referred to the Nazi claim that Nazi Germany was the successor to the earlier Holy Roman Empire (800–1806) and German Empire (1871–1918). The Third Reich, which the Nazis referred to as the Thousand-Year Reich, ended in May 1945, after 12 years, when the Allies of World War II, Allies defeated Germany and entered the capital, Berlin, End of World War II in Europe, ending World War II in Europe. After Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany in 1933, the Nazi Party began to eliminate political opposition and consolidate power. A 1934 German referendum confirmed Hitler as sole ''Führer'' (leader). Power was centralised in Hitler's person, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Anschluss
The (, or , ), also known as the (, ), was the annexation of the Federal State of Austria into Nazi Germany on 12 March 1938. The idea of an (a united Austria and Germany that would form a "German Question, Greater Germany") arose after the unification of Germany, 1871 unification of Germany excluded Austria and the German Austrians from the Prussian-dominated German Empire. It gained support after the Austria-Hungary, Austro-Hungarian Empire fell in 1918. The new Republic of German-Austria attempted to form a union with Germany, but the 1919 Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919), Treaty of Saint Germain and Treaty of Versailles forbade both the union and the continued use of the name "German-Austria" (); they also stripped Austria of some of its territories, such as the Sudetenland. This left Austria without most of the territories it had ruled for centuries and amid economic crisis. By the 1920s, the proposal had strong support in both Austria and Germany, particularly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
