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Wikstroemia Indica
''Wikstroemia indica'', also known as tie bush, Indian stringbush, bootlace bush, or small-leaf salago () is a small shrub with glossy leaves, small greenish-yellow flowers and toxic red fruits. It grows in forests and on rocky, shrubby slopes in central and southeastern China, Vietnam, India, Australia and the Philippines. Toxicity ''W. indica'' is toxic and the poisoning caused by ''W. indica'' leads to dizziness, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Medicinal uses It is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine. As a traditional Chinese herb, this plant has long been employed as an antipyretic, detoxicant, expectorant, vermifuge, and abortifacient in clinical practice in China. Chemicals An alcoholic extract of the plant was found to contain daphnoretin, chrysophanol, myricitrime and rutin. The extract of ''W. indica'' displays antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities ''in vitro ''In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Anton Von Meyer
Carl Anton von Meyer (in Russian: Карл Анто́нович фон Ме́йер, ''Karl Antonovich von Meyer'') (1 April 1795 – 24 February 1855) was a Germans, German, Russified botanist and explorer. Meyer was born in Vitebsk. He received his education at the University of Dorpat (1813–14) as a student of Karl Friedrich von Ledebour, with whom he later embarked on a scientific journey to the Crimean Peninsula, Crimea (1818). In 1826, with Ledebour and Alexander G. von Bunge, he took part in an expedition to the Altay Mountains and the Kirghiz Steppe (Kazakhstan). Plants collected on the trip formed the basis of "Flora Altaica" (four volumes issued between 1829 and 1833).JSTOR Global Plants JSTOR Global Plants] (biography) In 1835 he began work as a botanist for the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antipyretic
An antipyretic (, from ''anti-'' 'against' and ' 'feverish') is a substance that reduces fever. Antipyretics cause the hypothalamus to override a prostaglandin-induced increase in temperature. The body then works to lower the temperature, which results in a reduction in fever. Most antipyretic medications have other purposes. The most common antipyretics in the US are usually ibuprofen and aspirin, which are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used primarily as anti-inflammatories and analgesics (pain relievers), but which also have antipyretic properties; and paracetamol (acetaminophen), an analgesic without anti-inflammatory properties. There is some debate over the appropriate use of such medications, since fever is part of the body's immune response to infection. A study published by the Royal Society claims that fever suppression causes at least 1% more influenza deaths in the United States, or 700 extra deaths per year. Non-pharmacological treatment Bathing or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wikstroemia
''Wikstroemia'' is a genus of 93 species of flowering shrubs and small trees in the mezereon family, Thymelaeaceae. Hawaiian species are known by the common name ‘ākia. Medicinal uses '' Wikstroemia indica'' ( zh, c=了哥王, p=liǎo gē wáng) is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine. Paper making The bark fibres of several species of ''Wikstroemia'' are used to make paper. Species 93 species are accepted. *'' Wikstroemia albiflora'' *'' Wikstroemia alternifolia'' *'' Wikstroemia androsaemifolia'' *'' Wikstroemia angustifolia'' *'' Wikstroemia anhuiensis'' *'' Wikstroemia australis'' – Norfolk Island *'' Wikstroemia baimashanensis'' *'' Wikstroemia bicornuta'' Hillebr. – alpine false ohelo ( Lānai and Maui, Hawaii) *'' Wikstroemia bokorensis'' *'' Wikstroemia bolavenensis'' *'' Wikstroemia brachyantha'' *'' Wikstroemia canescens'' *'' Wikstroemia capitata'' *'' Wikstroemia capitatoracemosa'' *'' Wikstroemia chamaedaphne'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
In Vitro
''In vitro'' (meaning ''in glass'', or ''in the glass'') Research, studies are performed with Cell (biology), cells or biological molecules outside their normal biological context. Colloquially called "test-tube experiments", these studies in biology and its subdisciplines are traditionally done in labware such as test tubes, flasks, Petri dishes, and microtiter plates. Studies conducted using components of an organism that have been isolated from their usual biological surroundings permit a more detailed or more convenient analysis than can be done with whole organisms; however, results obtained from ''in vitro'' experiments may not fully or accurately predict the effects on a whole organism. In contrast to ''in vitro'' experiments, ''in vivo'' studies are those conducted in living organisms, including humans, known as clinical trials, and whole plants. Definition ''In vitro'' (Latin language, Latin for "in glass"; often not italicized in English usage) studies are conducted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rutin
Rutin (rutoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside or sophorin) is the glycoside combining the flavonol quercetin and the disaccharide rutinose (α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranose). It is a flavonoid glycoside found in a wide variety of plants, including citrus. Occurrences Rutin is one of the phenolic compounds found in the plant species ''Carpobrotus edulis''. Its name comes from the name of '' Ruta graveolens'', a plant that also contains rutin. Various citrus fruit peels contain 32 to 49 mg/g of flavonoids expressed as rutin equivalents. Citrus leaves contain rutin at concentrations of 11 and 7 g/kg in orange and lime trees, respectively. In 2021, Samoan researchers identified rutin in the native plant ''matalafi'' ('' Psychotria insularum''). Metabolism The enzyme quercitrinase found in ''Aspergillus flavus'' is in the rutin catabolic pathway. In food Rutin is a citrus flavonoid glycoside found in many plants, including buckwheat, the leaves and petioles of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chrysophanol
Chrysophanol, also known as chrysophanic acid, is a fungal isolate and a natural anthraquinone. It is a C-3 methyl substituted chrysazin of the trihydroxyanthraquinone family. Chrysophanol (other names; 1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-anthraquinone and chrysophanic acid) was found commonly within Chinese medicine and is a naturally occurring anthraquinone. Studies have been conducted on the benefits of chrysophanol and have found that it can aid in preventing cancer, diabetes, asthma, osteoporosis, retinal degeneration, Alzheimer's disease, osteoarthritis, and atherosclerosis. Its most common effects are of chemotherapeutic and neuroprotective properties. History Chrysophanol was first noted from ''Rheum rhabarbarum'' which is a plant belonging to the Polygonaceae family. It has since been discovered to be present in various families such as Liliaceae, Meliaceae, Asphodelaceae and Fabaceae among more. As of 2019, it has been observed in 65 species from 14 genera, not just in plants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daphnoretin
Daphnoretin is a protein kinase C activator isolated from ''Wikstroemia indica'' C.A. Mey, one of the 50 fundamental herbs in traditional Chinese medicine Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an alternative medicine, alternative medical practice drawn from traditional medicine in China. A large share of its claims are pseudoscientific, with the majority of treatments having no robust evidence .... It has also been found to occur in '' Stellera chamaejasme'' - the single species in a genus closely related to ''Wikstroemia'' within the family Thymelaceae.''Medicinal Plants in Mongolia'' pub. World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific Region 2013/ref> References Wikstroemia Coumarins Protein kinase C activators Resorcinol ethers {{Ether-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abortifacient
An abortifacient ("that which will cause a miscarriage" from Latin: '' abortus'' "miscarriage" and '' faciens'' "making") is a substance that induces abortion. This is a nonspecific term which may refer to any number of substances or medications, ranging from herbs to prescription medications. Common abortifacients used in performing medical abortions include mifepristone, which is typically used in conjunction with misoprostol in a two-step approach. Synthetic oxytocin, which is routinely used safely during term labor, is also commonly used to induce abortion in the second or third trimester. For thousands of years, writers in many parts of the world have described and recommended herbal abortifacients to women who seek to terminate a pregnancy, although their use may carry risks to the health of the woman. Medications Because "abortifacient" is a broad term used to describe a substance's effects on pregnancy, there is a wide range of drugs that can be described as abor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vermifuge
Anthelmintics or antihelminthics are a group of antiparasitic drugs that expel parasitic worms (helminths) and other internal parasites from the body by either stunning or killing them without causing significant damage to the host. They may also be called vermifuges (those that stun) or vermicides (those that kill). Anthelmintics are used to treat people who are infected by helminths, a condition called helminthiasis. These drugs are also used to treat infected animals, particularly small ruminants such as goats and sheep. Anthelmintic medication is also used in mass deworming campaigns of school-aged children in many developing countries. Anthelmintics are also used for mass deworming of livestock. The drugs of choice for soil-transmitted helminths are mebendazole and albendazole; for schistosomiasis and tapeworms it is praziquantel. Types Many early treatments were herbal, such as the oil of herbs of the genus '' Chenopodium'' that were given as anthelmintic treatment for c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expectorant
Mucoactive agents are a class of pharmacologic agents that include expectorants, mucolytics, mucoregulators, and mucokinetics that can affect the volume, viscosity, transportation, and composition of mucus or sputum. They often aid in clearing mucus or sputum from the upper and lower airways. These medications are used to treat respiratory diseases complicated by the oversecretion or inspissation of mucus. These drugs can be further categorized by their mechanism of action. Mechanism of action Mucoactive agents—expectorants—include mucolytics, secretolytics and mucokinetics (also called secretomotorics) * Mucolytics: thin (reduce the viscosity of) mucus * Secretolytics: increase airway water or the volume of airway secretions * Mucokinetics: increase mucociliary transport (clearance) and transportability of mucus by cough * Mucoregulators: suppress underlying mechanisms of mucus hypersecretion Alternatively, attacking the affinity between secretions and the biological ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Detoxification (alternative Medicine)
Detoxification (often shortened to detox and sometimes called body cleansing) is a type of alternative-medicine treatment which aims to rid the body of unspecified "toxins" – substances that proponents claim accumulate in the body over time and have undesirable short-term or long-term effects on individual health. It is not to be confused with detoxification carried out by the liver and kidneys, which filter the blood and remove harmful substances to be processed and eliminated from the body. Activities commonly associated with detoxification include dieting, fasting, consuming exclusively or avoiding specific foods (such as fats, carbohydrates, fruits, vegetables, juices, herbs), colon cleansing, chelation therapy, certain kinds of IV therapy and the removal of dental fillings containing amalgam. Scientists and health organizations have criticized the concept of detoxification for its unsound scientific basis and for the lack of evidence for claims made. The "tox ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
