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Wide Range Intelligence Test
The Wide Range Intelligence test (WRIT) is an assessment of verbal ( crystallized) and visual (fluid) IQ. Running at approximately 30 minutes, the WRIT is shorter than traditional IQ tests. The test also involves only four subtests and requires fewer physical materials than a typical test. It was created alongside the Wide Range Achievement Test 3 (WRAT3), a measure of reading comprehension and academic ability, by Pearson Education in 2000. The WRIT is intended to assess those aged 4 through 85. It is designed for easy administration among trained psychologists, which is accomplished using a hierarchical model that frequently occurs in psychological testing. Development The WRIT is one of many short-form IQ tests developed since the Wechsler-Bellevue scale, an early model for intelligence testing, was created. The popular shortening of IQ tests, especially those intended for children, is primarily due to the increasingly heavy workloads of school psychologists. Experts have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crystallized Intelligence
The concepts of fluid intelligence (''g''f) and crystallized intelligence (''g''c) were introduced in 1943 by the psychologist Raymond Cattell. According to Cattell's psychometrically-based theory, general intelligence (''g'') is subdivided into ''g''f and ''g''c. Fluid intelligence is the ability to solve novel reasoning problems and is correlated with a number of important skills such as comprehension, problem-solving, and learning. Crystallized intelligence, on the other hand, involves the ability to deduce secondary relational abstractions by applying previously learned primary relational abstractions. History Fluid and crystallized intelligence are constructs originally conceptualized by Raymond Cattell. The concepts of fluid and crystallized intelligence were further developed by Cattell and his former student John L. Horn. Most of the intelligence testing had mainly been focused on children, and young adults. Cattell and Horn wanted to see how intelligence changed and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intelligence Quotient
An intelligence quotient (IQ) is a total score derived from a set of standardized tests or subtests designed to assess human intelligence. Originally, IQ was a score obtained by dividing a person's mental age score, obtained by administering an intelligence test, by the person's chronological age, both expressed in terms of years and months. The resulting fraction (quotient) was multiplied by 100 to obtain the IQ score. For modern #Current tests, IQ tests, the test score, raw score is Data transformation (statistics), transformed to a normal distribution with mean 100 and standard deviation 15. This results in approximately two-thirds of the population scoring between IQ 85 and IQ 115 and about 2 percent each Intellectual giftedness, above 130 and Intellectual disability, below 70. Scores from intelligence tests are estimates of intelligence. Unlike, for example, distance and mass, a concrete measure of intelligence cannot be achieved given the abstract nature of the concept o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wide Range Achievement Test
The Wide Range Achievement Test, currently in its fifth edition (WRAT5), is an achievement test which measures an individual's ability to read words, comprehend sentences, spell, and compute solutions to math problems.Wilkinson, G. S., & Robertson, G. J. (2017). ''Wide Range Achievement Test professional manual (5th edition)''. Bloomington, MN: NCS Pearson, Inc. The test is appropriate for individuals aged 5 years through adult. The WRAT5 provides two equivalent forms (Blue and Green), which enables retesting within short periods of time without potential practice effects that occur from repeating the same items. The alternate forms also may be administered together in a single examination. The test was developed in 1941 by psychologists Sidney W. Bijou and Joseph Jastak.Reynolds, Cecil R.; and Fletcher-Janzen, Elaine"Encyclopedia of special education" p. 248. John Wiley & Sons, 2007. . Accessed July 23, 2009. The test series was first published in 1946 and has historically be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pearson Education
Pearson Education, known since 2011 as simply Pearson, is the educational publishing and services subsidiary of the international corporation Pearson plc. The subsidiary was formed in 1998, when Pearson plc acquired Simon & Schuster's educational business and combined it with Pearson's existing education company Addison-Wesley Longman. Pearson Education was restyled as simply Pearson in 2011. In 2016, the diversified parent corporation Pearson plc rebranded to focus entirely on education publishing and services; further, as of 2023, Pearson Education is Pearson plc's main subsidiary. In 2019, Pearson Education began phasing out the prominence of its hard-copy textbooks in favor of digital textbooks, which cost the company far less, and can be updated frequently and easily. As of 2023, Pearson Education has testing/teaching centers in over 55 countries worldwide; the UK and the U.S. have the most centers. The headquarters of parent company Pearson plc are in London, England. P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wechsler-Bellevue Scale
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an IQ test designed to measure intelligence and cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents. For children between the ages of 6 and 16, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) is commonly used. The original WAIS (Form I) was published in February 1955 by David Wechsler, Chief Psychologist at Bellevue Hospital (1932–1967) in NYC, as a revision of the Wechsler–Bellevue Intelligence Scale released in 1939. It is currently in its fifth edition (''WAIS-5''), released in 2024 by Pearson. It is the most widely used IQ test, for both adults and older adolescents, in the world. History The WAIS was founded to get to know Wechsler's patients at Bellevue Hospital and on his definition of intelligence, which he defined as "... the global capacity of a person to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with his environment." He believed that intelligence was made up of specific elements that could be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
School Psychology
School psychology is a field that applies principles from educational psychology, developmental psychology, clinical psychology, community psychology, and behavior analysis to meet the learning and behavioral health needs of children and adolescents. It is an area of applied psychology practiced by a school psychologist. They often collaborate with educators, families, school leaders, community members, and other professionals to create safe and supportive school environments. They carry out psychological testing, psychoeducational assessment, intervention, prevention, counseling, and consultation in the ethical, legal, and administrative codes of their profession. It combines ideas from different types of psychology to help students succeed in school. These professionals focus on both learning and behavior. They support students who are struggling with academic skills, emotional issues, or social challenges. They work with teachers and families to find the best ways to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Keep (archive)
A keep is fortified tower in a castle. Keep, KEEP, or The Keep may also refer to: Literature * The Keep, a fictional location on Arrakis in the 1965 ''Dune'' series * ''The Keep'' (Wilson novel), a 1981 novel by F. Paul Wilson ** ''The Keep'' (comics), a 2006 limited series based on the Wilson novel * ''The Keep'' (Egan novel), a 2006 novel by Jennifer Egan Music * ''The Keep'' (Happy Rhodes album) (1995) * ''The Keep'' (Tangerine Dream album), a 1997 soundtrack album Places * The Keep, Brighton, opened 2013, an archive and historical resource centre in East Sussex, England * The Keep, Dorchester, (c. 1880), a museum and former barracks in Dorset, England Software * Google Keep, a 2013 note-taking software program * Keep (app), a 2015 Chinese mobile fitness app Other uses * Keep (surname), including a list of people with the name *KEEP, a radio station in Texas, U.S. * ''The Keep'' (film), a 1983 horror film based on the Wilson novel * ''The Keep'' (Mayfair Games), a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1990 United States Census
The 1990 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 248,709,873, an increase of 9.8 percent over the 226,545,805 persons enumerated during the 1980 census. Approximately 16 percent of households received a "long form" of the 1990 census, which contained more than 100 questions. Full documentation on the 1990 census, including census forms and a procedural history, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. It was the first census to designate " Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander" as a racial group separate from Asians. The census was also the first census to be directed by a woman, Barbara Everitt Bryant. To increase black participation in the 1990 United States census, the bureau recruited Bill Cosby, Magic Johnson, Alfre Woodard, and Miss America Debbye Turner as spokespeople. The Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with el ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
School Psychology Quarterly
''School Psychology'', formerly known as ''School Psychology Quarterly'', is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the American Psychological Association on behalf of APA Division 16. The journal was established in 1986 and covers topics such as the "psychology of education and services for children in school settings." The current editor-in-chief is Richard C. Gilman of Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed by MEDLINE/PubMed and the Social Sciences Citation Index. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2020 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a type of journal ranking. Journals with higher impact factor values are considered more prestigious or important within their field. The Impact Factor of a journa ... of 3.286. References External links * American Psychological Association academic journals English ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Preschool
A preschool (sometimes spelled as pre school or pre-school), also known as nursery school, pre-primary school, play school, is an school, educational establishment or learning space offering early childhood education to children before they begin compulsory education at primary school. It may be publicly or privately operated, and may be subsidized from public funds. The typical age range for preschool in most countries is from 2 to 6 years. Terminology Terminology varies by country. In some European countries the term "kindergarten" refers to formal education of children classified as ''International Standard Classification of Education, ISCED level 0'' – with one or several years of such education being compulsory – before children start primary school at ''ISCED level 1''. The following terms may be used for educational institutions for this age group: *Pre-primary or creche from 6 weeks old to 6 years old – is an educational childcare service a parent can enroll t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Learning Disability
Learning disability, learning disorder, or learning difficulty (British English) is a condition in the brain that causes difficulties comprehending or processing information and can be caused by several different factors. Given the "difficulty learning in a typical manner", this does not exclude the ability to learn in a different manner. Therefore, some people can be more accurately described as having a "learning difference", thus avoiding any misconception of being disabled with a possible lack of an ability to learn and possible negative stereotyping. In the United Kingdom, the term "learning disability" generally refers to an intellectual disability, while conditions such as dyslexia and dyspraxia are usually referred to as "learning difficulties". While ''learning disability'' and ''learning disorder'' are often used interchangeably, they differ in many ways. Disorder refers to significant learning problems in an academic area. These problems, however, are not enough to wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
