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Vugesta
The Vugesta (also VUGESTAP) for “''Vermögens-Umzugsgut von der Gestapo''" ("Property Removed by the Gestapo") was a Nazi looting organization in Vienna that from 1940 to 1945 seized the possessions of 5,000-6,000 Viennese Jews. It was a key player in the aryanization of Jewish property, redistributing private property stolen from Jewish Austrians to non-Jewish or Aryan Austrians during the Nazi reign in Austria. Creation On August 22, 1940, the Reich Minister of Justice issued a decree to the ''Reichsverkehrsgruppe Spedition und Lagerei'' (Reich Transport Group Forwarding and Storage). Jews who fled lost their citizenship and their property was seized and resold. Proceeds went to shipping companies, warehouses and regional tax authorities in Vienna and Berlin. The Vienna Gestapo founded the VUGESTA to auction off Jewish belongings beginning on September 7, 1940. Karl Herber managed the Vugesta, headquartered in the "Reichsverkehrsgruppe Spedition und Lagerei / Ostmark ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vugesta
The Vugesta (also VUGESTAP) for “''Vermögens-Umzugsgut von der Gestapo''" ("Property Removed by the Gestapo") was a Nazi looting organization in Vienna that from 1940 to 1945 seized the possessions of 5,000-6,000 Viennese Jews. It was a key player in the aryanization of Jewish property, redistributing private property stolen from Jewish Austrians to non-Jewish or Aryan Austrians during the Nazi reign in Austria. Creation On August 22, 1940, the Reich Minister of Justice issued a decree to the ''Reichsverkehrsgruppe Spedition und Lagerei'' (Reich Transport Group Forwarding and Storage). Jews who fled lost their citizenship and their property was seized and resold. Proceeds went to shipping companies, warehouses and regional tax authorities in Vienna and Berlin. The Vienna Gestapo founded the VUGESTA to auction off Jewish belongings beginning on September 7, 1940. Karl Herber managed the Vugesta, headquartered in the "Reichsverkehrsgruppe Spedition und Lagerei / Ostmark ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stefan Mautner
Stefan Mautner, also Stephan Mautner, (born 12 February 1877 in Vienna; died presumably July 1944 in Auschwitz concentration camp) was an Austrian entrepreneur and the eldest son of Isidor Mautner, a major industrialist, and his wife Jenny. Early life Stefan Mautner was the eldest of four children of the Jewish industrialist Isidor Mautner and his wife Jenny (née Neuman(n)). He was groomed by his father as a successor in his concern. Stefan was the only one of the four children to complete a full school education at the Schottengymnasium in Vienna. After graduating from high school in 1895 and completing one year of military service, he attended a weaving school and carried out an internship at the mechanical weaving mill in Schumburg an der Desse, which belonged to the company Isaac Mautner & Sohn. In 1898, he was appointed "commercial rapporteur" for a "commercial study trip to East Asia" by the president of the Reichenberg Chamber of Commerce, whose district included Schum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dorotheum
The Dorotheum () is one of the world's oldest auction houses and is the largest auction house of art items in Continental Europe. Established by Emperor Joseph I in 1707, it has its headquarters in Vienna on the Dorotheergasse and branches in other European countries. Besides auctions, the retail sector also plays a major role in Dorotheum's business. In the Dorotheum, works of art, antiques, furniture, and jewellery from various centuries are put up for auction. The building is constructed in the neo-classical style. It is an attraction for Viennese natives and numerous tourists alike. Branches exist in Vienna in the Austrian states, the Czech capital of Prague, and the Italian cities of Milan and Rome, as well as in Düsseldorf, Munich and Brussels. History The firm's establishment as the ''Versatz- und Fragamt zu Wien'' was carried out by Emperor Joseph I in 1707. Seventy years later it moved into the former Dorotheerkloster, which gave it its current name of ''Dorotheu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aryanization
Aryanization (german: Arisierung) was the Nazi term for the seizure of property from Jews and its transfer to non-Jews, and the forced expulsion of Jews from economic life in Nazi Germany, Axis-aligned states, and their occupied territories. It entailed the transfer of Jewish property into "Aryan" or non-Jewish, hands. "Aryanization" is , according to Kreutzmüller and Zaltin in ''Dispossession:Plundering German Jewry, 1933-1953'', "a Nazi slogan that was used to camouflage theft and its political consequences." The process started in 1933 in Nazi Germany with transfers of Jewish property and ended with the Holocaust. Two phases have generally been identified: a first phase in which the theft from Jewish victims was concealed under a veneer of legality, and a second phase, in which property was more openly confiscated. In both cases, Aryanization corresponded to Nazi policy and was defined, supported, and enforced by Germany's legal and financial bureaucracy. Michael Bazyler ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazi Plunder
Nazi plunder (german: Raubkunst) was the stealing of art and other items which occurred as a result of the organized looting of European countries during the time of the Nazi Party in Germany. The looting of Polish and Jewish property was a key part of the Holocaust. The plundering was carried out from 1933, beginning with the seizure of the property of German Jews, until the end of World War II, particularly by military units which were known as the Kunstschutz, although most of the plunder was acquired during the war. In addition to gold, silver, and currency, cultural items of great significance were stolen, including paintings, ceramics, books, and religious treasures. Although most of these items were recovered by agents of the Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives program (MFAA, also known as the Monuments Men), on behalf of the Allies immediately following the war, many of them are still missing. An international effort to identify Nazi plunder which still remains unacco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Holocaust In Austria
The Holocaust in Austria was the systematic persecution, plunder and extermination of Jews by German and Austrian Nazis from 1938 to 1945. An estimated 65,000 Jews were murdered and 125,000 forced to flee Austria as refugees. Jews in Austria before 1938 In the 1930s, Jews flourished in Austria, with leading figures in the sciences, the arts, business, industry, and trades of all kinds. At the time of Anschluss with Nazi Germany in 1938, the Jewish population of Austria was approximately 192,000, mostly in Vienna. Austria had a powerful legacy of Anti-Semitism which found its full expression in Adolf Hitler. in 1895, the Austrian anti-Semite Karl Luger won the majority of the seats in the Vienna municipality and was appointed mayor of the Austrian capital. In 1922, intending to mock vicious anti-semitism in Vienna where Jewish university students were routinely attacked, the Austrian Hugo Bettauer wrote a futuristic novel entitled, The City Without Jews, which turned out to be tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oscar Bondy
Oscar Bondy (born October 19, 1870, in Vienna; died December 3, 1944, in New York) was an Austrian entrepreneur and art collector persecuted by the Nazis because of his Jewish heritage. Life Oscar Bondy, also known as Zucker-Bondy, owned sugar factories in Zdic and in České Meziříčí in Czechoslovakia, but had his business and private address in Vienna. His extensive collection of art and musical instruments, which included the portfolio works ("Mappenwerke") of Pieter Brueghel the Elder and the family portrait of Martin Johann Schmidt, was also located in the apartment at Schubertring 3 in Vienna. In 1922 Oscar Bondy was named the heir of Nellie Bly. Nazi persecution After Austria's 1938 Anschluss with Hitler's Third Reich, Bondy, who was Jewish, escaped to Switzerland and later emigrated to the US, where he died in 1944. In July 1938, the Zentralstelle für Denkmalschutz (Central Office for the Protection of Monuments) seized numerous objects from the Bondy Collection ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daisy Hellmann
Daisy Hellmann (1890-1977) was a Viennese art patron and collector persecuted by the Nazis because of her Jewish ancestry. Early life Daisy Hellmann (née Steiner b. in Vienna April 22, 1890 - 5 January 5, 1977), was a member of one of the most important families of art patrons in Vienna in the first quarter of the 20th century. Her father was Wilhelm Steiner and her mother Eugenie (Jenny) Steiner (Pulitzer). In her book, ''Was Einmal War'', Sophie Lillie describes the lives of the "assimilated, haut bourgeois Jewry of Austria between the wars , people who without exception were talented, successful members of the community". One of the individuals she describes is Daisy Hellmann. Daisy married Wilhelm (Willy) Hellmann of Vienna, a textile magnate. The Hellmanns lived at No. 17 Rathausstraße in Vienna’s first district, one of Oskar Strnad’s interior design projects. Many of their parlor furnishings were designed by the co-founder of the Vienna Workshop, Austrian artist Ko ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oskar Reichel
Oscar Reichel (1869 – 7 May 1943) was an Austrian physician and art collector. His work was confiscated by the Nazis during World War II, leading to claims from his descendants to restore it to them. Early life Reichel was born in 1869 in Vienna. Art Collector Reichel was a prominent collector of Austrian Expressionist art, including Egon Schiele, Max Oppenheimer, and Oskar Kokoschka. Reichel collected many artworks by Egon Schiele and Oscar Kokoschka. Egon Schiele painted a portrait of Reichel in 1910 as well as a black crayon drawing "Portrait Study of Dr. Oskar Reichel with Raised Left Hand" Other Schiele artworks owned by Reichel included "The Self-Seers" and Black Girl ( Girl in Black). Art by Kokoschka included "Two Nudes" and Susanne (1916) Persecution by the Nazis When the Nazi persecution of Vienna's Jews began, with the Anschluss on 12 March 1938, Reichel and his wife Malvine remained in Vienna. Their home furnishings business was forced shut after the anti-Je ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erich Wolfgang Korngold
Erich Wolfgang Korngold (May 29, 1897November 29, 1957) was an Austrian-born American composer and conductor. A child prodigy, he became one of the most important and influential composers in Hollywood history. He was a noted pianist and composer of classical music, along with music for Hollywood films, and the first composer of international stature to write Hollywood scores., video, 9 min. When he was 11, his ballet ''Der Schneemann'' (The Snowman), became a sensation in Vienna, followed by his Second Piano Sonata, which he wrote at age 13, played throughout Europe by Artur Schnabel. His one-act operas '' Violanta'' and ''Der Ring des Polykrates'' were premiered in Munich in 1916, conducted by Bruno Walter. At 23, his opera '' Die tote Stadt'' (The Dead City) premiered in Hamburg and Cologne. In 1921 he conducted the Hamburg Opera. Kennedy, Michael. ''The Oxford Dictionary of Music'', Oxford Univ. Press (2013) p. 464 During the 1920s he re-orchestrated, re-arranged and nea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernhard Altmann
Bernhard Altmann (1888–1960) was an Austrian textile manufacturer whose business was Aryanized and whose family's art collection was looted by Nazis because of their Jewish origins. He introduced cashmere wool to North America on a mass scale in 1947. Early life Altmann was the son of Karoline Keile (Tischler) and Karl Chaskel Altmann. His family was Jewish. He entered the textile trade in Vienna in 1915, and in 1919 founded his knitwear manufacturing business. His company grew to employ 1000 people by 1938 before the German Anschluss forced him to flee to London. Nazi persecution and exile When Austria joined Hitler's Third Reich in 1938, Altman's textile plant and properties in Vienna were confiscated (Aryanized) by the Nazis. His brother Fritz Altmann – husband of Jewish refugee Maria Altmann, who made her living in America after the war selling Bernhard's cashmere sweaters – was taken prisoner by the Nazis and Bernhard was forced to sign over the business in return ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austria Under National Socialism
Austria under Nazism describes the period of Austrian history from 12 March 1938 when Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany (the event is commonly known as ''Anschluss'') until 8 May 1945 with the fall of Nazi Germany. Austrians were generally enthusiastic supporters of union with Germany. Throughout World War II, 950,000 Austrians fought for Nazi Germany's armed forces. Other Austrians participated in the Nazi administration, from death camp personnel to senior Nazi leadership; the majority of the bureaucrats who implemented the Final Solution were Austrian. After World War II, many Austrians sought comfort in the idea of Austria as being the first victim of the Nazis. Although the Nazi party was promptly banned, Austria did not have the same thorough process of denazification that was imposed on Germany. Lacking outside pressure for political reform, factions of Austrian society tried for a long time to advance the view that the ''Anschluss'' was only an imposition of rule by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
