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Vittariaceae
Vittarioideae is a subfamily of the fern family Pteridaceae, in the order Polypodiales. The subfamily includes the previous families Adiantaceae (adiantoids or maidenhair ferns) and Vittariaceae (vittarioids or shoestring ferns). Description The subfamily includes two distinct groups of ferns: the adiantoids, consisting of the single genus ''Adiantum'', and the vittarioids, several genera, including '' Vittaria'', which typically have highly reduced leaves, usually entire, and an epiphytic habit. The ferns historically considered as ''Adiantum'' include both petrophilic and terrestrial plants. The vittarioid ferns are primarily epiphytic in tropical regions and all have simple leaves with sori that follow the veins and lack true indusia; the sori are most often marginal with a false indusium formed from the reflexed leaf margin. The family also includes a species, '' Vittaria appalachiana'', that is highly unusual in that the sporophyte stage of the life cycle is absent. This sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vittaria
''Vittaria'', the shoestring ferns, is a genus of ferns in the Vittarioideae subfamily of the family Pteridaceae. It had previously been placed in the family Vittariaceae,Karl U. Kramer. 1990. "Vittariaceae". pages 272-277. In: Klaus Kubitzki (general editor); Karl U. Kramer and Peter S. Green (volume editors) ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' volume I. Springer-Verlag: Berlin;Heidelberg, Germany. but that family is no longer recognized.Alan R. Smith, Kathleen M. Pryer, Eric Schuettpelz, Petra Korall, Harald Schneider, and Paul G. Wolf. 2008. "Davalliaceae". pages 443-444. In: "Fern Classification". pages 417-467. In: Tom A. Ranker and Christopher H. Haufler (editors). ''Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycophytes''. Cambridge University Press. ''Vittaria'' consists of epiphytes, with simple, entire, narrowly linear fronds.David J. Mabberley. 2008. ''Mabberley's Plant-Book'' third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. It comprises six species, five o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haplopteris
''Haplopteris'' is a genus of vittarioid ferns, a member of subfamily Vittarioideae and family Pteridaceae. Description Like other vittarioids, the members of ''Haplopteris'' are epiphytes. The rhizome has a distinct upper and lower side, lacking radial symmetry, a characteristic that separates it from '' Radiovittaria''. Leaves are borne in two ranks in a single plane, and are usually simple, occasionally forked. The leaves have a distinct costa (midrib). Most species have netlike leaf veins which form two rows of areolae (the "gaps" in the net) on either side of the midline; two species bear a single leaf vein only. The linear sori, in most species, are confined to a commissural vein (paralleling the edge of the leaf margin and set just back from it, joining the ends of the netted veins); in the two species with a single vein, the sori follow that vein. The sori bear paraphyses (minute hairs) with a cell at the tip shaped like an inverted cone, separating it from ''Vittaria'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pteridaceae
Pteridaceae is a family of ferns in the order Polypodiales, including some 1150 known species in ca 45 genera (depending on taxonomic opinions), divided over five subfamilies. The family includes four groups of genera that are sometimes recognized as separate families: the adiantoid, cheilanthoid, pteridoid, and hemionitidoid ferns. Relationships among these groups remain unclear, and although some recent genetic analyses of the Pteridales suggest that neither the family Pteridaceae nor the major groups within it are all monophyletic, as yet these analyses are insufficiently comprehensive and robust to provide good support for a revision of the order at the family level. Description Members of Pteridaceae have creeping or erect rhizomes. The leaves are almost always compound and have linear sori that are typically on the margins of the leaves and lack a true indusium, typically being protected by a false indusium formed from the reflexed margin of the leaf. Taxonomy Tradi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polypodiales
The order Polypodiales encompasses the major lineages of polypod ferns, which comprise more than 80% of today's fern species. They are found in many parts of the world including tropical, semitropical and temperate areas. Description Polypodiales are unique in bearing sporangia with a vertical annulus interrupted by the stalk and stomium. These sporangial characters were used by Johann Jakob Bernhardi to define a group of ferns he called the "Cathetogyratae"; the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group has suggested reviving this name as the informal term cathetogyrates, to replace the ambiguously circumscribed term "polypods" when referring to the Polypodiales. The sporangia are born on stalks 1–3 cells thick and are often long-stalked. (In contrast, the Hymenophyllales have a stalk composed of four rows of cells.) The sporangia do not reach maturity simultaneously. Many groups in the order lack indusia, but when present, they are attached either along the edge of the indusium or in its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antrophyum
''Antrophyum'' is a genus of ferns in the family Pteridaceae.''Antrophyum'' USDA Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) 14 Jan 2012 They are commonly known as lineleaf ferns. Description Like most other vittarioid ferns, members of the genus have simple, straplike leaves. Most species lack a (midrib), although a few have a partial one, and the leaves are generally more than wide. The leaves have netlike venation, with three or more rows of areolae ("gaps" in the net of veins) on either side of the midline. Linear sori< ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adiantum Lunulatum
''Adiantum philippense,'' (''Goyali Lota, Kalijhant'' in Bengali: গয়ালী লতা, ''Hamsapadi, Kitamata, Tripadika'' in Sanskrit, ''Jarigida'' in Kannada, ''Hamsapadi'' in Hindi ), also known as walking maidenhair fern, or black maidenhair, is a species of maidenhair fern (''Adiantum'') that is widely distributed through the southern hemisphere, notably Asia, Africa, and Madagascar. Taxonomy The species was named by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. It was lectotypified by R.E.G. Pichi-Sermolli in 1957 based on an illustration by James Petiver. The identifiability of this illustration was disputed, leading some authorities to deprecate ''A. philippense'' as a ''nomen dubium'' and use the next available name for the taxon, ''Adiantum lunulatum'' Burm.f.. Burman conferred this specific epithet based on its half-moon shaped pinnae. However, Christopher Fraser-Jenkins located the original material and drawing of the lectotype sent to Petiver by Georg Joseph Kamel in the Sl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cheilanthoideae
Cheilanthoideae is one of the five subfamilies of the fern family Pteridaceae. The subfamily is thought to be monophyletic, but some of the genera into which it has been divided are not, and the taxonomic status of many of its genera and species remains uncertain, with radically different approaches in use . Phylogenic relationships The following phylogram shows a likely relationship between Cheilanthoideae and the other Pteridaceae subfamilies. Although subfamily Cheilanthoideae itself is thought to be monophyletic, many of the genera into which it has been divided (including ''Cheilanthes'', ''Doryopteris'', ''Notholaena'', and ''Pellaea'') have been shown to be polyphyletic. Genera The division of the subfamily Cheilanthoideae into genera and species remains uncertain . Christenhusz et al. (2011), the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), and the November 2019 version of the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' (''World Ferns'' 8.11) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Borivoj Presl
Carl Borivoj Presl ( cs, Karel Bořivoj Presl; 17 February 1794 – 2 October 1852) was a Czech botanist. Biography Presl lived his entire life in Prague, and was a professor of botany at the University of Prague (1833–52).BHL Taxonomic literature : a selective guide to botanical publications He made an expedition to in 1817, and with his brother, published a "Flora bohemica" titled "''Flora čechica: indicatis medicinalibus, oeconomicis technologicisque plantis''" in 1819. His older brother was also a noted botanist; the journal '' [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tribe (biology)
In biology, a tribe is a taxonomic rank above genus, but below family and subfamily. It is sometimes subdivided into subtribes. By convention, all taxonomic ranks from genus upwards are capitalized, including both tribe and subtribe. In zoology, the standard ending for the name of a zoological tribe is "-ini". Examples include the tribes Caprini (goat-antelopes), Hominini (hominins), Bombini (bumblebees), and Thunnini (tunas). The tribe Hominini is divided into subtribes by some scientists; subtribe Hominina then comprises "humans". The standard ending for the name of a zoological subtribe is "-ina". In botany, the standard ending for the name of a botanical tribe is "-eae". Examples include the tribes Acalypheae and Hyacintheae. The tribe Hyacintheae is divided into subtribes, including the subtribe Massoniinae. The standard ending for the name of a botanical subtribe is "-inae". In bacteriology, the form of tribe names is as in botany, e.g., Pseudomonadeae, based on the ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ananthacorus
''Ananthacorus'' is a genus of ferns in the subfamily Vittarioideae of the family Pteridaceae with a single species ''Ananthacorus angustifolius''. Its native distribution ranges from Mexico through Central America to northern South America. It has been introduced into parts of Malesia Malesia is a biogeographical region straddling the Equator and the boundaries of the Indomalayan and Australasian realms, and also a phytogeographical floristic region in the Paleotropical Kingdom. It has been given different definitions. Th .... References Pteridaceae Monotypic fern genera {{Pteridaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grammitid
Grammitidoideae is a subfamily of the fern family Polypodiaceae, whose members are informally known as grammitids. It comprises a clade of about 750 species. They are distributed over higher elevations in both the Old and New World. This group was previously treated as a separate family, Grammitidaceae until molecular phylogenies showed it to be nested within the Polypodiaceae. It has since been treated as an unranked clade within subfamily Polypodioideae (renamed tribe Polypodieae in one classification), and, most recently, as a separate subfamily (reducing Polypodioideae to an evolutionary grade). Circumscription In 2011, Christenhusz ''et al.'' placed the grammitid ferns in the subfamily Polypodioideae, within the Polypodiaceae, as an informal group without rank. In 2014, Christenhusz and Chase expanded the circumscription of both family and subfamily, placing the Polypodioideae as previously delimited, including grammitids, in tribe Polypodieae. The PPG I classification of 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
