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Vibrionales
The Vibrionaceae are a family of Pseudomonadota given their own order, Vibrionales. Inhabitants of fresh or salt water, several species are pathogenic, including the type species ''Vibrio cholerae'', which is the agent responsible for cholera. Most bioluminescent bacteria belong to this family, and are typically found as symbionts of deep-sea animals. Vibrionaceae are Gram-negative organisms and facultative anaerobes, capable of fermentation. They contain oxidase and have one or more flagella, which are generally polar. Originally, these characteristics defined the family, which was divided into four genera. Two of these, '' Vibrio'' and ''Photobacterium'', correspond to the modern group, although several new genera have been defined. Genetic studies have shown the other two original members—''Aeromonas'' and '' Plesiomonas''—belong to separate families. The family Vibrionaceae currently comprises eight validly published genera: ''Aliivibrio'', ''Catenococcus'', ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Listonella
''Listonella'' is a genus of Gram-negative marine bacteria in the family Vibrionaceae named after the American microbiologist J. Liston. Analysis of phylogenetic, genomic and phenotypic data has shown the genus is not distinct from the genus ''Vibrio'', so it is now considered a synonym of ''Vibrio''.(Thompson et al. 2011 doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.030015-0) References Vibrionales Bacteria genera {{Gammaproteobacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vibrio Cholerae
''Vibrio cholerae'' is a species of Gram-negative, facultative anaerobe and comma-shaped bacteria. The bacteria naturally live in brackish or saltwater where they attach themselves easily to the chitin-containing shells of crabs, shrimps, and other shellfish. Some strains of ''V. cholerae'' are pathogenic to humans and cause a deadly disease cholera, which can be derived from the consumption of undercooked or raw marine life species. ''V. cholerae'' was first described by Félix-Archimède Pouchet in 1849 as some kind of protozoa. Filippo Pacini correctly identified it as a bacterium and from him, the scientific name is adopted. The bacterium as the cause of cholera was discovered by Robert Koch in 1884. Sambhu Nath De isolated the cholera toxin and demonstrated the toxin as the cause of cholera in 1959. The bacterium has a flagellum at one pole and several pili throughout its cell surface. It undergoes respiratory and fermentative metabolism. Two serogroups called O1 and O139 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grimontia
''Grimontia'' is a genus of bacteria from the family of Vibrionaceae The Vibrionaceae are a family of Pseudomonadota given their own order, Vibrionales. Inhabitants of fresh or salt water, several species are pathogenic, including the type species ''Vibrio cholerae'', which is the agent responsible for cholera. .... References Further reading * Vibrionales Bacteria genera Taxa described in 2003 {{Gammaproteobacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aliivibrio
''Aliivibrio'' is a genus in the phylum Pseudomonadota (Bacteria). Etymology The name ''Aliivibrio'' derives from: Latin ', other, another, different; New Latin ''Vibrio'', a bacterial genus name, to give ''Aliivibrio'', the other ''Vibrio''. Species The genus contains: * '' A. finisterrensis'' ( Beaz-Hidalgo ''et al''. 2010, ; New Latin ''finisterrensis'', pertaining to Finisterra, literally the end of the world (at least for the Romans who named the place). Galicia was the western end of the ancient Roman world.) * '' A. fischeri'' ( (Beijerinck 1889) Urbanczyk ''et al''. 2007, (type species of the genus).; named after Bernhard Fischer, one of the earliest students of luminescent bacteria.) * '' A. logei'' ( ( Harwood ''et al''. 1980) Urbanczyk ''et al''. 2007, ; New Latin ''logei'', of Loge; from German Loge, Norse god of fire and mischief.) * '' A. salmonicida'' ( ( Egidius ''et al''. 1986) Urbanczyk ''et al''. 2007, ; Latin noun ''salmo'' -''onis'', salmon; ''cida'' (from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vibrio
''Vibrio'' is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria, possessing a curved-rod (comma) shape, several species of which can cause foodborne infection, usually associated with eating undercooked seafood. Being highly salt tolerant and unable to survive in fresh water, ''Vibrio'' spp. are commonly found in various salt water environments. ''Vibrio'' spp. are facultative anaerobes that test positive for oxidase and do not form spores. All members of the genus are motile. They are able to have polar or lateral flagellum with or without sheaths. ''Vibrio'' species typically possess two chromosomes, which is unusual for bacteria. Each chromosome has a distinct and independent origin of replication, and are conserved together over time in the genus. Recent phylogenies have been constructed based on a suite of genes (multilocus sequence analysis). O. F. Müller (1773, 1786) described eight species of the genus ''Vibrio'' (included in Infusoria), three of which were spirilliforms. Some of the o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photobacterium
''Photobacterium'' is a genus of gram-negative, oxidase positive and catalase positive bacteria in the family ''Vibrionaceae''. Members of the genus are bioluminescent, that is they have the ability to emit light. Many species, including '' Photobacterium leiognathi'' and ''Photobacterium phosphoreum'', '' Photobacterium ganghwense, Photobacterium marinum'' live in symbiosis with marine organisms. S.I. Paul et al. (2021) isolated and identified multiple strains of ''Photobacterium'' from marine sponges of the Saint Martin's Island Area of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. Species such as '' Photobacterium profundum'' are adapted for optimal growth in the deep cold seas making it both a psychrophile (an organism capable of growth and reproduction in cold temperatures) and a piezophile (an organism which thrives at high pressures). Biochemical characteristics of ''Photobacterium'' species Colony, morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of ''Photobacterium ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enterovibrio
''Enterovibrio'' is a genus of bacteria from the family of Vibrionaceae The Vibrionaceae are a family of Pseudomonadota given their own order, Vibrionales. Inhabitants of fresh or salt water, several species are pathogenic, including the type species ''Vibrio cholerae'', which is the agent responsible for cholera. .... References Further reading * * Vibrionales Bacteria genera Taxa described in 2002 {{Gammaproteobacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinimonas
''Echinimonas'' is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic and motile genus of bacteria from the family of Vibrionaceae The Vibrionaceae are a family of Pseudomonadota given their own order, Vibrionales. Inhabitants of fresh or salt water, several species are pathogenic, including the type species ''Vibrio cholerae'', which is the agent responsible for cholera. ... with on known species '' Echinimonas agarilytica''. ''Echinimonas agarilytica'' has been isolated from the sea urchin '' Strongylocentrotus intermedius''. References Vibrionales Bacteria genera Monotypic bacteria genera Taxa described in 2013 {{Gammaproteobacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catenococcus
''Catenococcus'' is a Gram-negative and facultatively anaerobic genus of bacteria from the family of Vibrionaceae The Vibrionaceae are a family of Pseudomonadota given their own order, Vibrionales. Inhabitants of fresh or salt water, several species are pathogenic, including the type species ''Vibrio cholerae'', which is the agent responsible for cholera. ... with one known species ('' Catenococcus thiocycli''). References Vibrionales Bacteria genera Monotypic bacteria genera {{Gammaproteobacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neurotoxin
Neurotoxins are toxins that are destructive to nerve tissue (causing neurotoxicity). Neurotoxins are an extensive class of exogenous chemical neurological insultsSpencer 2000 that can adversely affect function in both developing and mature nervous tissue.Olney 2002 The term can also be used to classify endogenous compounds, which, when abnormally contacted, can prove neurologically toxic. Though neurotoxins are often neurologically destructive, their ability to specifically target neural components is important in the study of nervous systems. Common examples of neurotoxins include lead, ethanol (drinking alcohol), glutamate,Choi 1987 nitric oxide, botulinum toxin (e.g. Botox), tetanus toxin,Simpson 1986 and tetrodotoxin. Some substances such as nitric oxide and glutamate are in fact essential for proper function of the body and only exert neurotoxic effects at excessive concentrations. Neurotoxins inhibit neuron control over ion concentrations across the cell membrane, or com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Facultative Anaerobe
A facultative anaerobic organism is an organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, but is capable of switching to fermentation if oxygen is absent. Some examples of facultatively anaerobic bacteria are ''Staphylococcus'' spp., ''Escherichia coli'', ''Salmonella'', ''Listeria'' spp., ''Shewanella oneidensis'' and ''Yersinia pestis''. Certain eukaryotes are also facultative anaerobes, including fungi such as ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae'' and many aquatic invertebrates such as nereid polychaetes. See also * Aerobic respiration * Anaerobic respiration * Fermentation * Obligate aerobe * Obligate anaerobe * Microaerophile A microaerophile is a microorganism that requires environments containing lower levels of dioxygen than that are present in the atmosphere (i.e. < 21% O2; typically 2–10% O2) for optimal growth. A more re ... References External links < ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alkaloid
Alkaloids are a class of basic, naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom. This group also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties. Some synthetic compounds of similar structure may also be termed alkaloids. In addition to carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, alkaloids may also contain oxygen, sulfur and, more rarely, other elements such as chlorine, bromine, and phosphorus.Chemical Encyclopedia: alkaloids xumuk.ru Alkaloids are produced by a large variety of organisms including , , Medicinal plant, plants, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
