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Vietnamese Era Name
Vietnamese era names were titles adopted in historical Vietnam for the purpose of year identification and numbering. Era names originated in 140 BCE in China, during the reign of the Emperor Wu of Han. Since the middle of the 6th century CE, independent Vietnamese dynasties started to proclaim their own era names. During periods of direct Chinese rule, Chinese era names would gain official use in Vietnam, as was the case for other parts of China. List of Vietnamese era names The following is a list of era names adopted by independent Vietnamese monarchs. Era names used in Vietnam during the four periods of direct Chinese rule are not included. Early Lý dynasty Đinh dynasty Early Lê dynasty Lý dynasty Trần dynasty Other regimes contemporaneous with Trần dynasty Hồ dynasty Later Trần dynasty Other regimes contemporaneous with Later Trần dynasty Primitive Lê dynasty Other regimes contemporaneous with Primitive Lê dynasty Mạc dynast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vietnamese Alphabet
The Vietnamese alphabet (, ) is the modern writing script for the Vietnamese language. It uses the Latin script based on Romance languages like French language, French, originally developed by Francisco de Pina (1585–1625), a missionary from Portugal. The Vietnamese alphabet contains 29 Letter (alphabet), letters, including 7 letters using four diacritics: , , , , , , and . There are an additional 5 diacritics used to designate Tonal language, tone (as in , , , , and ). The complex vowel system and the large number of letters with diacritics, which can stack twice on the same letter (e.g. meaning 'first'), makes it easy to distinguish the Vietnamese orthography from other writing systems that use the Latin alphabets, Latin script. The Vietnamese system's use of diacritics produces an accurate transcription for Tonal Languages, tones despite the limitations of the Roman alphabet. On the other hand, sound changes in the spoken language have led to different letters, digraphs an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lý Thái Tổ
Lý Thái Tổ ( vi-hantu, , 8 March 974 – 31 March 1028), personal name Lý Công Uẩn, temple name Thái Tổ, was a founding emperor of Lý dynasty and the 6th ruler of Đại Việt; he reigned from 1009 to 1028. Early years Lý Công Uẩn was born in Cổ Pháp village, Đình Bảng, Từ Sơn, Bắc Ninh Province in 974. The identity of his birth-father is unknown. However, little is known about his maternal side except that his mother was surnamed Phạm.''Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư'' "Basic Annals"vol. 2text: "其母范氏" According to the Vietnamese chronicle ''Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư'', his mother gave him up for adoption to a Buddhist monk named Lý Khánh Vân at the age of three. The Lý clan of Lý Công Uẩn's adoptive father Lý Khánh Văn was a clan that originated from Phong Châu district. Công Uẩn was educated by monk Vạn Hạnh, the most eminent Buddhist patriarch of the time, in the village of Đình Bảng, a short distan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trần Nhân Tông
Trần Nhân Tông (7 December 1258–16 December 1308), Vietnamese name, personal name Trần Khâm, temple name Nhân Tông, was the third emperor of the Trần dynasty, reigning over Đại Việt from 1278 to 1293. After ceding the throne to his son Trần Anh Tông, Nhân Tông held the title Emperor Emeritus () from 1294 to his death in 1308. During the second and third Mongol invasions of Vietnam, Mongol invasions of Đại Việt, the Emperor Nhân Tông and his father the Emperor Emeritus Trần Thánh Tông, Thánh Tông were credited with the decisive victory against the Yuan dynasty and would thenceforth establish a long period of peace and prosperity over the country. After retiring from ruling the nation, he practiced Buddhism as a monk and founded the Trúc Lâm school of Vietnamese Buddhism. Background Trần Nhân Tông was born on 7 December 1258 as Trần Khâm, the first son of Emperor Trần Thánh Tông, who had ceded the throne by Trần Thái Tông fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trần Thánh Tông
Trần Thánh Tông (October 12, 1240 – July 3, 1290), personal name Trần Hoảng (), was the second emperor of the Trần dynasty, reigning over Đại Việt from 1258 to 1278. After ceding the throne to his son Trần Nhân Tông, Thánh Tông held the title of retired emperor () from 1279 until his death in 1290. During the second and the third Mongol invasions of Đại Việt, Retired Emperor Thánh Tông and Emperor Nhân Tông were credited as the supreme commanders who led the nation to the final victories and, as a result, established a long period of peace and prosperity over the country. With his successful rulings in both military and civil matters, Trần Thánh Tông was considered one of the greatest emperors of not only the Trần dynasty but also the whole dynastic era in the history of Vietnam. Background and during Thái Tông's reign Trần Hoảng was born on September 25, 1240 (in the lunar calendar), as the second prince but the first natural ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trần Thái Tông
Trần Thái Tông (17 July 1218 – 5 May 1277), Vietnamese name, personal name Trần Cảnh or Trần Nhật Cảnh, temple name Thái Tông, was the first emperor of the Trần dynasty, reigned Đại Việt for 33 years (1226–58), being Retired Emperor for 19 years. He reigned during the Mongol invasions of Vietnam, first Mongol invasion of Vietnam before eventually abdicating in favor of his son Trần Hoảng (Trần Thánh Tông) in 1258. He is also known for his Buddhist scholarship, which is still influential on Buddhism in Vietnam, Vietnamese Buddhism today, especially his ''Khóa Hư Lục'' (課虛錄, ''Instructions on Emptiness''). Life Early life The ancestors of the Trần clan originated from the province of Fujian before they migrated under Trần Kính (陳京, Chén Jīng) to Đại Việt. According to a Chinese writer, Zhou Mi (writer), Zhou Mi (1232–1298), Trần Nhật Cảnh's real name was Hsieh Sheng-ch'ing, "a man from Qinglo district in F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trần Dynasty
The Trần dynasty (Vietnamese language, Vietnamese: Nhà Trần, chữ Nôm: 茹陳; Vietnamese language, Vietnamese: triều Trần, chữ Hán: [wikt:朝]wikt:陳, 朝wikt:陳, 陳), officially Đại Việt (Chữ Hán: 大越), was a List of Vietnamese dynasties, Vietnamese dynasty that ruled from 1225 to 1400. The dynasty was founded when emperor Trần Thái Tông ascended to the throne after his uncle Trần Thủ Độ orchestrated the overthrow of the Lý dynasty. The Trần dynasty defeated three Mongol invasions of Vietnam, Mongol invasions, most notably during the decisive Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288), Battle of Bạch Đằng River in 1288. The final emperor of the dynasty was Trần Thiếu Đế, Thiếu Đế, who was forced to abdicate the throne in 1400, at the age of five years old in favor of his maternal grandfather, Hồ Quý Ly. The Trần improved Chinese gunpowder, enabling them to Nam tiến, expand southward to defeat and vassalize the Champa. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lý Chiêu Hoàng
Lý Chiêu Hoàng ( vi-hantu, 李昭皇, September 1218 – 1278), personal name Lý Phật Kim (李佛金) later renamed to Lý Thiên Hinh (李天馨), was the ninth and last sovereign of the Lý dynasty, empress of Đại Việt from 1224 to 1225. She is the only empress regnant in Vietnamese history and the last Vietnamese female monarch ( Trưng Trắc is the first female monarch and the first queen regnant). Biography Lý Phật Kim was born in September of Lunar calendar 1218 with courtesy name Thiên Hinh (天馨), pen name Chiêu Thánh (昭聖), second child of the Emperor Lý Huệ Tông and the Empress Trần Thị Dung. She had an elder sister, Princess Thuận Thiên, who was born in 1216 and later married to Prince Phụng Càn ( Vietnamese: Phụng Càn vương) Trần Liễu, Lý Phật Kim herself was entitled as Princess Chiêu Thánh ( 昭 聖 公主), the only available successor for the throne. Having been mentally ill for a long time, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lý Huệ Tông
Lý Huệ Tông (chữ Hán: 李惠宗; born Lý Sảm 李旵; July 1194 – 3 September 1226) was the emperor of Vietnam from 1211 to 1224, the penultimate leader of the Lý dynasty. During Lý Huệ Tông's rule, many members of the Trần family assumed key roles in the government, including Trần Thủ Độ. The Trần family later used its position of power to place a young Trần Cảnh ( temple name Trần Thái Tông) on the throne to found the Trần dynasty. Biography In 1224, Lý Huệ Tông became mentally ill, and the issue of succession became pressing. He had produced no male heirs, and so appointed his seven-year-old daughter Lý Chiêu Hoàng as his successor. Although a female ruler would likely not have been normally acceptable to the court, Trần Thủ Độ had a scheme to end the Lý dynasty and place a Trần on the throne which depended on the existence of a young empress, and so Lý Chiêu Hoàng was accepted as empress. Lý Huệ Tông retired to be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lý Cao Tông
Lý Cao Tông (6 July 1173 – 15 November 1210), born Lý Long Trát, courtesy name Long Cán, was the seventh emperor of the Lý dynasty, ruled Đại Việt for 35 years. He identified himself with Buddha, similar with Angkorian Khmer Empire contemporary counterpart Jayavarman VII. Some consider his reign to begin the fall into decay of the Lý dynasty because of his erroneous determinations. However, many historians agree that he had an important influence in Vietnamese history. Early life He was the sixth son of Lý Anh Tông. His mother was Đỗ Thụy Châu who later became Empress Dowager Đỗ. He was born Lý Long Cán (or Trát) on May 25, 1173, according to the Eastern calendar. He was enthroned when he was very young, at the age of three, as one of the youngest Emperors in Vietnam's history. Prior to this, his predecessor Emperor Lý Anh Tông disposed the former Crown Prince Long Xưởng and replaced Prince Cán with this title. Tô Hiến Thành was trusted to bec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lý Anh Tông
Emperor Lý Anh Tông (1136 – 14 August 1175) of Đại Việt () was the sixth emperor of the later Lý dynasty in Vietnamese history, from 1138 until his death in 1175. Since Lý Anh Tông, given name Lý Thiên Tộ ( 李 天 祚), was chosen as the successor of his father Lý Thần Tông at the age of only two, the early period of his reign witnessed the dominant position of Đỗ Anh Vũ in the royal court until he died in 1157; afterwards, the Emperor ruled the country with the assistance of a prominent official named Tô Hiến Thành. The reign of Lý Anh Tông was considered the last relatively stable period of the Lý dynasty before the turbulence during the reign of Lý Cao Tông. Early years Anh Tông was born during the third lunar month of 1136 as Lý Thiên Tộ, the first son of Lý Thần Tông and Lê Thị, the Emperor and Empress of Vietnam. Initially Lý Thiên Tộ wasn't chosen as the Lý dynasty crown prince because his father preferred L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lý Thần Tông
Lý Thần Tông (1116–1138), personal name Lý Dương Hoán, was the fifth emperor of the Lý dynasty, reigning over Đại Việt from 1127 to his death in 1138. Becoming the ruler of Đại Việt at the age of twelve, Lý Thần Tông successfully maintained the order of the royal court and strengthened the stability of the country with the assistance of capable officials. For that reason, Đại Việt under Lý Thần Tông was able to witness a peaceful period like during the reign of his predecessors. However, Lý Thần Tông died at age 22 before passing the throne to his crown prince Lý Thiên Tộ. Early years Lý Dương Hoán was born in the summer of 1116 as Lý Dương Hoán to Lady Đỗ and the Marquis of Sùng Hiền (Vietnamese: Sùng Hiền hầu) who was son of the Emperor Lý Thánh Tông and younger brother of the Emperor Lý Nhân Tông. According to the ''Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư'', Lý Dương Hoán was born right after the death of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lý Nhân Tông
Lý Nhân Tông (22 February 1066 – 15 January 1128), personal name Lý Càn Đức, temple name Nhân Tông was the fourth emperor of the Lý dynasty, ruling the empire of Đại Việt from 1072 until his death in 1128. Succeeding his father Lý Thánh Tông at the age of 7, during his early reign Lý Nhân Tông ruled with the assistance of his mother Ỷ Lan and the chancellor Lý Đạo Thành who were both considered competent regents and were able to help the emperor maintain the country's prosperity. Appreciated as a great emperor of the Lý dynasty, Lý Nhân Tông made important contributions to the development of Đại Việt, especially for establishing Confucianism as the official philosophy of the state, creating Confucian-based imperial exams, and creating schools based on the Confucian system of learning. During his 56-year reign, which was the longest reign for any Vietnamese monarch, Lý Nhân Tông also experienced several wars against Đại Việt's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
