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Vehicle Restriction In São Paulo
Rodízio veicular, or vehicle restriction, is a restriction on traffic in São Paulo, Brazil, during peak travel times. It is based on the last digit of the vehicle's number plate. São Paulo is the largest metropolis in the world with a permanent alternate-day travel restriction. The scheme was first implemented in 1995 as a trial on a voluntary basis, and then as a mandatory restriction implemented in August 1996 to mitigate air pollution, and thereafter made permanent in June 1997 to relieve traffic congestion. The driving restriction applies to passenger cars and commercial vehicles, and it is based on the last digit of the licence plate. Two numbers are restricted to travel every day between 7 a.m. to 10 a.m. and 5 p.m. to 8 p.m. from Monday through Friday. Currently, the rotation does not apply to the entire city, being limited to a region called Expanded Center, which is delimited by the following roads: * River Tietê Marginal * River Pinheiros Margi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
School Bus
A school bus is any type of bus owned, leased, contracted to, or operated by a school or school district. It is regularly used to Student transport, transport students to and from school or school-related activities, but not including a charter bus or transit bus. Various configurations of School bus by country, school buses are used worldwide; the most iconic examples are the yellow school buses of the United States which are also found in other parts of the world. In North America, school buses are purpose-built vehicles distinguished from other types of buses by design characteristics mandated by federal and state/provincial regulations. In addition to their distinct paint color (National School Bus Glossy Yellow), school buses are fitted with exterior warning lights (to give them traffic priority) and multiple safety devices. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Driving Licence In Brazil
In Brazil, a Driver's license, driver's licence (officially named ''Carteira Nacional de Habilitação'' in Portuguese language, Portuguese, shortened as CNH and translated as "National Qualification Card") is required in order to drive cars, buses, trucks and motorcycles. Current CNHs can be used as Brazilian Identity Card, identity cards in all the national territory. It was formerly called PGU, but in 2008 CONTRAN (''Conselho Nacional de Trânsito'', translated as "National Traffic Council") overhauled the system, requiring all driver's holders to re-register, so they could be grouped in Renach (''Registro Nacional de Condutores Habilitados'', ''National Register of Qualified Drivers''). Minors, the illiterate and people without an ID card are not allowed to have a CNH. Required training Until 2008, 20 hours of theory classes and 15 hours of practical classes were required in order to obtain a CNH. However, from 2009 on, a total of 45 hours of theory classes are required for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fuel-cell Vehicle
A fuel cell vehicle (FCV) or fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) is an electric vehicle that uses a fuel cell, sometimes in combination with a small battery or supercapacitor, to power its onboard electric motor. Fuel cells in vehicles generate electricity generally using oxygen from the air and compressed hydrogen. Most fuel cell vehicles are classified as zero-emissions vehicles. As compared with internal combustion vehicles, hydrogen vehicles centralize pollutants at the site of the hydrogen production, where hydrogen is typically derived from reformed natural gas. Transporting and storing hydrogen may also create pollutants. Fuel cells have been used in various kinds of vehicles including forklifts, especially in indoor applications where their clean emissions are important to air quality, and in space applications. Fuel cells are being developed and tested in trucks, buses, boats, ships, motorcycles and bicycles, among other kinds of vehicles. The first road vehicle powered b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hybrid Electric Vehicle
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle that couples a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) with one or more electric engines into a hybrid vehicle drivetrain, combined propulsion system. The presence of the electric powertrain, which has inherently better energy conversion efficiency, is intended to achieve either better fuel economy in automobiles, fuel economy or better acceleration performance than a conventional vehicle. There is a variety of HEV types and the degree to which each functions as an electric vehicle (EV) also varies. The most common form of HEV is hybrid electric passenger cars, although hybrid electric trucks (pickup truck, pickups, tow trucks and tractors), buses, motorboats, and aircraft also exist. Modern HEVs use energy recovery technologies such as motor–generator units. and regenerative braking to recycle the vehicle's kinetic energy to electric energy via an alternator (automotive), alternator, which is energy storage, st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plug-in Electric Vehicle
A plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) is any road vehicle that can utilize an external source of electricity (such as a wall socket that connects to the power grid) via an detachable power cable to store electrical energy within its onboard rechargeable battery packs, which will in turn power an electric traction motor that propel the vehicle's drive wheels. It is a subset of electric vehicles and includes all-electric/battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) ''See definition on pp. 2.'' both of which are capable of sustained all-electric driving within a designated range due to the ability to fully charge their batteries before a journey. Plug-in electric cars have several benefits compared to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. All-electric vehicles have lower operating and maintenance costs, and produce little or no air pollution when under all-electric mode, thus (depending on the electricity source) reducing societal de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Disability
Disability is the experience of any condition that makes it more difficult for a person to do certain activities or have equitable access within a given society. Disabilities may be Cognitive disability, cognitive, Developmental disability, developmental, Intellectual disability, intellectual, mental disorder#Disability, mental, physical disability, physical, Sense, sensory, or a combination of multiple factors. Disabilities can be Birth defect, present from birth or can be acquired during a person's lifetime. Historically, disabilities have only been recognized based on a narrow set of criteria—however, disabilities are not binary and can be present in unique characteristics depending on the individual. A disability may be readily visible, or Invisible disability, invisible in nature. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities defines disability as including: Disabilities have been perceived differently throughout history, through a variety of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cash-in-transit
Cash-in-transit (CIT) or cash/valuables-in-transit (CVIT) is the physical transfer of banknotes, coins, credit cards and items of value from one location to another. The locations include cash centers and bank branches, ATM points, bureaux de change, large retailers and other premises holding large amounts of cash, such as ticket vending machines and parking meters. Many cash-in-transit companies are private security companies that offer cash handling as part of their services. Loomis (company), Loomis, following its split from Securitas (Swedish security company), Securitas, and Shields Business Solutions, a private equity backed company, are the only major CIT businesses fully dedicated to cash handling. Brink's spun off its Brink's#Home security, home security division, likewise placing its focus on cash handling. By law, the CIT companies are seen as logistics companies in the private security industry and therefore have to comply with transport and security legislation. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vehicle Registration Plates Of Brazil
Brazilian vehicle registration plates are issued by the states. Each state has a ''Departamento de Trânsito'' (DETRAN) that is in charge of vehicle registration and car tax collection, but plates are standardized across the country and form a national vehicle registration database. Description The current system, being phased out in favor of Mercosul standard plates, was created in 1990 and was named ''Registro Nacional de Veículos Automotores'' (RENAVAM). It uses the form "LLL·NNNN", where LLL is a three-letter combination followed by a four-digit number with a dot between the letters and numbers. A combination given to one vehicle stays with it "for life" - it cannot be changed or transferred to another vehicle. Vanity plates are allowed as long as they abide by the same standard as non-vanity plates. Above the combination is a metallic band with the standardized state abbreviation and the name of the municipality in which the vehicle is currently registered. This band ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Road Space Rationing
Road space rationing, also known as alternate-day travel, driving restriction, no-drive days and number coding (; ; ), is a travel demand management strategy aimed to reduce the negative externalities generated by urban air pollution or peak urban travel demand in excess of available supply or road capacity, through artificially restricting demand (vehicle travel) by rationing the scarce common good road capacity, especially during the peak periods or during peak pollution events. This objective is achieved by restricting traffic access into an urban cordon area, city center (CBD), or district based upon the last digits of the vehicle registration plate on pre-established days and during certain periods, usually, the peak hours. The practical implementation of this traffic restraint policy is common in Latin America, and in many cases, the road rationing has as a main goal the reduction of air pollution, such as the cases of México City, and Santiago, Chile. São Paulo, with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
