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Varlık Vergisi
The Varlık Vergisi (, "wealth tax" or "capital tax") was a tax mostly levied on non-Muslim citizens under the Republican People's Party (CHP) government in Turkey in 1942, with the stated aim of raising funds for the country's defense in case of an eventual entry into World War II. The underlying reason for the tax was to inflict financial ruin on the minority Dhimmi, non-Muslim citizens of the country, end their prominence in the country's economy and transfer the assets of non-Muslims to the Muslim bourgeoisie. It was a discriminatory measure which taxed non-Muslims up to ten times more heavily and resulted in a significant amount of wealth and property being transferred to Muslims. Background The Şükrü Saracoğlu government introduced a bill for a one-off tax, which was approved by the Turkish Grand National Assembly, Turkish parliament on November 11, 1942. This tax targeted fixed assets, including landed estates, buildings, businesses, and industrial enterprises owned by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republican People's Party
The Republican People's Party (RPP; , CHP ) is a Kemalism, Kemalist and Social democracy, social democratic political party in Turkey. It is the oldest List of political parties in Turkey, political party in Turkey, founded by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the List of presidents of Turkey, first president and founder of the modern Turkey, Republic of Türkiye. The party is also cited as the founding party of modern Turkey. Its logo consists of the The Six Arrows, Six Arrows, which represent the foundational principles of Kemalism: republicanism, reformism, Secularism in Turkey, laicism, populism, nationalism, and statism. It is currently the second largest party in Grand National Assembly of Turkey, Grand National Assembly with 135 MPs, behind the ruling conservative Justice and Development Party (Turkey), Justice and Development Party (AKP). The political party has its origins in the various Association for Defence of National Rights, resistance groups founded during the Turkish W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet Union, it dissolved in 1991. During its existence, it was the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country by area, extending across Time in Russia, eleven time zones and sharing Geography of the Soviet Union#Borders and neighbors, borders with twelve countries, and the List of countries and dependencies by population, third-most populous country. An overall successor to the Russian Empire, it was nominally organized as a federal union of Republics of the Soviet Union, national republics, the largest and most populous of which was the Russian SFSR. In practice, Government of the Soviet Union, its government and Economy of the Soviet Union, economy were Soviet-type economic planning, highly centralized. As a one-party state go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxation Of The Jews In Europe
Taxation of the Jews in Europe refers to taxes imposed specifically on Jews in Europe, in addition to the taxes levied on the general population. Special taxation imposed on the Jews by the state or ruler of the territory in which they were living has played an important part in Jewish history. In 1729 the Jewish community was required to pay 150 gold coins as an annual poll tax, and in 1738 this sum was increased to 300 gold coins. In 1775 the Polish parliament imposed a special duty on books written in Hebrew and Yiddish, requiring each book to be stamped by the municipality. Despite heavy penalties imposed on owners of unstamped books, many books were concealed and unstamped. In Russia The Russian Kosher tax, known as the ''korobka'', was a tax paid only by Jews for each animal slaughtered in accordance with the kashrut rules and for each pound of this meat sold. It was part of the Russian Jewish "basket tax" or "box tax". Though it was used to refer to a tax on meat or sla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economic History Of Turkey
The economic history of the modern Republic of Turkey has four eras. The first era's development policy was defined by the transition from an agricultural imperial Ottoman economy into a diversified more industrialized economy. It emphasized on private accumulation between 1923 and 1929. The second era's focus was state accumulation in a period of global crises between 1929 and 1945. The third era focused on state-guided industrialization based on import-substituting protectionism between 1950 and 1980. The final era was the opening of the economy to liberal trade in goods, services, and financial market transactions since 1981. Since 2018 the Turkish economy has been in a state of crisis. The Middle East institute has raised the possibility that Turkey is currently in a new economic era under President Erdoğan defined by reduced institutional financial independence, negative foreign exchange deficits, and political interference. Post-Ottoman reconstruction and liberal b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Club (Turkish TV Series)
''The Club'' () is a Turkish period drama television series directed by Seren Yüce and Zeynep Günay Tan and starring Gökçe Bahadır, Barış Arduç, Salih Bademci, Fırat Tanış, Metin Akdülger and Asude Kalebek. The show was released on Netflix on 5 November 2021, with season one consisting of 10 episodes, divided into two parts of 6 and 4 episodes respectively. Part 2 premiered on 6 January 2022. The second season premiered on 15 September 2023. Premise Matilda, an ex-convict, works in one of the most prominent nightclubs of Istanbul in 1955. Trying to establish a good relationship with her daughter, Matilda struggles to keep her daughter Raşel away from Pera's troublemaker, Fıstık İsmet. Matilda also tries to stand against her boss Orhan, nightclub manager Çelebi and artist Selim. Plot Season 1 In 1950s Istanbul, Matilda Aseo is released from prison as part of a general amnesty after serving time for murder. A Sephardic Jew, she applies at the local Jew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Netflix
Netflix is an American subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service. The service primarily distributes original and acquired films and television shows from various genres, and it is available internationally in multiple languages. Launched in 2007, nearly a decade after Netflix, Inc. began its pioneering DVD-by-mail movie rental service, Netflix is the most-subscribed video on demand streaming media service, with 301.6 million paid memberships in more than 190 countries as of 2025. By 2022, "Netflix Original" productions accounted for half of its library in the United States and the namesake company had ventured into other categories, such as video game publishing of mobile games through its flagship service. As of 2025, Netflix is the 18th most-visited website in the world, with 21.18% of its traffic coming from the United States, followed by the United Kingdom at 6.01%, Canada at 4.94%, and Brazil at 4.24%. History Launch as a mail-based renta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nationalist Movement Party
The Nationalist Movement Party, or alternatively translated as Nationalist Action Party (, MHP), is a Turkish Far-right politics, far-right, ultranationalism, ultranationalist Political parties in Turkey, political party. The group is often described as Neo-fascism, neo-fascist, and has been linked to violent paramilitaries and Turkish mafia, organized crime groups. Its leader is Devlet Bahçeli. The party was formed in 1969 by former Turkish Army colonel Alparslan Türkeş, who had become leader of the Republican Villagers Nation Party (CKMP) in 1965. The party mainly followed a Pan-Turkism, Pan-Turkist and Turkish nationalist political agenda throughout the latter half of the 20th century. Devlet Bahçeli took over after Türkeş's death in 1997. The party's youth wing is the Grey Wolves (organization), Grey Wolves (''Bozkurtlar'') organization, which is also known as the "Nationalist Hearths" (''Ülkü Ocakları'') which played one of the biggest roles during the Political v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1950 Turkish General Election
General elections were held in Turkey on 14 May 1950, using the multiple non-transferable vote electoral system.Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) ''Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I'', p238 The result was a landslide victory for the opposition Democrat Party (DP), which won 416 of the 487 seats with 55% of the vote. Unlike the previous elections in 1946, the 1950 elections took place in a calm atmosphere. The results meant that Republican People's Party (CHP) was ousted from power for the first time since the foundation of the republic. Due to the electoral system designed to boost the dominant party's parliamentary numbers, the Democrat Party won 85% of the seats with only 55% of the popular vote. The CHP won 14% of the seats despite receiving nearly 40% of the popular vote. Results Aftermath On 22 May Celal Bayar was elected president. On the same day, the first DP government headed by the Prime Minister Adnan Menderes was formed. Bayar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Party (Turkey, Historical)
Democratic Party and similar terms may refer to: Active parties Africa *Botswana Democratic Party * Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea * Gabonese Democratic Party * Democratic Party of Guinea – African Democratic Rally * Democratic Party of Ivory Coast – African Democratic Rally *Democratic Party (Kenya) * Basotho Batho Democratic Party, Lesotho * Democratic Party (Libya) * Malawi Democratic Party * Democratic Party of Namibia * Senegalese Democratic Party * Seychelles Democratic Party *Democratic Alliance (South Africa) * Swazi Democratic Party * Democratic Party (Tanzania) * Democratic Party (Tunisia) *Democratic Party (Uganda) Americas * Democratic Progressive Party (Argentina) * National Democratic Party (Argentina) * Democratic Party (Mendoza), Argentina * Democratic Party of the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina * Anguilla Democratic Party * Bonaire Democratic Party *Brazilian Democratic Movement Party *New Democratic Party, Canada * Party for Democracy (Chile) * Democra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States
The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 contiguous states border Canada to the north and Mexico to the south, with the semi-exclave of Alaska in the northwest and the archipelago of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. The United States asserts sovereignty over five Territories of the United States, major island territories and United States Minor Outlying Islands, various uninhabited islands in Oceania and the Caribbean. It is a megadiverse country, with the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, third-largest land area and List of countries and dependencies by population, third-largest population, exceeding 340 million. Its three Metropolitan statistical areas by population, largest metropolitan areas are New York metropolitan area, New York, Greater Los Angeles, Los Angel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The UK includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and most of List of islands of the United Kingdom, the smaller islands within the British Isles, covering . Northern Ireland shares Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border, a land border with the Republic of Ireland; otherwise, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea. It maintains sovereignty over the British Overseas Territories, which are located across various oceans and seas globally. The UK had an estimated population of over 68.2 million people in 2023. The capital and largest city of both England and the UK is London. The cities o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Lira
The lira (; Currency sign, sign: Turkish lira sign, ₺; ISO 4217, ISO 4217 code: TRY; abbreviation: TL) is the official currency of Turkey. It is also legal tender in the ''de facto'' state of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. One lira is divided into one hundred ''kuruş''. The current lira is the Second Turkish lira, having succeeded the first Turkish lira in 2005 which in turn succeeded the Ottoman lira in 1923. Since 2018 the Turkish lira has been in crisis, having plummeted in value following Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Erdogan's economic and political policies. History Ottoman lira (1844–1923) The lira, along with the lira, related currencies of Europe and the Middle East, has its roots in the Ancient Rome, ancient Roman unit of weight known as the Libra (weight), libra which referred to the Troy weight, Troy pound of silver. The Roman libra adoption of the currency spread it throughout Europe and the Near East, where it continued to be used into ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
