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Valley Yokuts
Valley Yokuts is a dialect cluster of the Yokuts language of California. Chukchansi, which is still spoken natively, has language classes and a preschool for children. It is also taught at a local elementary school. Though there are no longer any native speakers, Tachi has a Headstart language program. Varieties Valley Yokuts is sometimes considered three languages. * † : : : : * : : : : : * : : : : : : : Of these, ''Yawelmani'' ,Laurie Bauer, 2007, ''The Linguistics Student’s Handbook'', Edinburgh also known as ''Yowlumni'', is the best known. See also Chukchansi dialect. Grammar * ablaut * suffix : ''deeyi'' 'to lead' : ''deeyen'' 'he will lead' : ''deyhin'' 'he led' : ''diyhatinhin'' 'he wanted to lead' : ''diyee’iy'' 'place where one got the lead' (subjective) : ''diyaa’an'' 'he is leading' : ''deydiyen'' 'he will lead repeatedly' : ''diyidyiisaahin ’anam'' 'they led each other repeatedly' : ''diyeediyic’'' 'one who is leading repe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San Joaquin Valley
The San Joaquin Valley ( ; Spanish language in California, Spanish: ''Valle de San Joaquín'') is the southern half of California's Central Valley (California), Central Valley. Famed as a major breadbasket, the San Joaquin Valley is an important source of food, producing a significant part of California's agricultural output. San Joaquin Valley draws from nine counties of Northern California, Northern and Central California, including all of San Joaquin County, San Joaquin and Kings County, California, Kings counties, most of Stanislaus County, Stanislaus, Merced County, Merced, and Fresno County, California, Fresno counties, and parts of Madera County, California, Madera and Tulare County, California, Tulare counties, along with a majority of Kern County, California, Kern County. Although the valley is predominantly rural, it has three densely populated urban centers: Stockton, California, Stockton/Modesto, California, Modesto, Fresno, California, Fresno/Visalia, California, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foothill Yokuts
Yokuts, formerly known as Mariposa, is an endangered language spoken in the interior of Northern and Central California in and around the San Joaquin Valley by the Yokuts people. The speakers of Yokuts were severely affected by disease, missionaries, and the Gold Rush. While descendants of Yokuts speakers currently number in the thousands, all constituent dialects apart from Valley Yokuts are now extinct. The Yawelmani dialect of Valley Yokuts has been a focus of much linguistic research. Dialect The Yokuts language consists of half a dozen primary dialects. An estimated forty linguistically distinct groups existed before Euro-American contact. * Yokuts ** Poso Creek *** Palewyami Yokuts ( Poso Creek, Altinin) ** General Yokuts (all others) *** Buena Vista **** Tulamni **** Hometwali *** Nim **** Tule–Kaweah ***** Wukchumni ***** Yawdanchi ( Nutaa) ***** Bokninuwad **** Northern Yokuts ***** Gashowu ***** Kings River ****** Chukaymina (also spelle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yokutsan Languages
Yokuts, formerly known as Mariposa, is an endangered language spoken in the interior of Northern and Central California in and around the San Joaquin Valley by the Yokuts people. The speakers of Yokuts were severely affected by disease, missionaries, and the Gold Rush. While descendants of Yokuts speakers currently number in the thousands, all constituent dialects apart from Valley Yokuts are now extinct. The Yawelmani dialect of Valley Yokuts has been a focus of much linguistic research. Dialect The Yokuts language consists of half a dozen primary dialects. An estimated forty linguistically distinct groups existed before Euro-American contact. * Yokuts ** Poso Creek *** Palewyami Yokuts ( Poso Creek, Altinin) ** General Yokuts (all others) *** Buena Vista **** Tulamni **** Hometwali *** Nim **** Tule–Kaweah ***** Wukchumni ***** Yawdanchi ( Nutaa) ***** Bokninuwad **** Northern Yokuts ***** Gashowu ***** Kings River ****** Chukaymina (also spel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geoffrey Pullum
Geoffrey Keith Pullum (; born 8 March 1945) is a British and American linguist specialising in the study of English. Pullum has published over 300 articles and books on various topics in linguistics, including phonology, morphology, semantics, pragmatics, computational linguistics, and philosophy of language. He is Professor Emeritus of General Linguistics at the University of Edinburgh. Pullum is a co-author of '' The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language'' (2002), a comprehensive descriptive grammar of English. He was co-founder of '' Language Log'' and a contributor to Lingua Franca at '' The Chronicle of Higher Education'', often criticizing prescriptive rules and linguistic myths. Early life Geoffrey K. Pullum was born in Irvine, North Ayrshire, Scotland, on 8 March 1945, and moved to West Wickham, England, while very young. Career as a musician He left secondary school at age 16 and toured Germany as a pianist in the rock and roll band Sonny Stewart and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harry Van Der Hulst
Harry van der Hulst (born 1953, The Hague) is full professor of linguistics and director of undergraduate studies at the department of linguistics of the University of Connecticut. He has been editor-in-chief of the international SSCI peer-reviewed linguistics journal The Linguistic Review since 1990 and he is co-editor of the series ‘Studies in generative grammar’ (Mouton de Gruyter). He is a Life Fellow of the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study, and a board member of the European linguistics organization GLOW. Until 2000 he taught at Leiden University, where he also obtained his PhD on the basis of a dissertation on stress and syllable structure in Dutch, and where he was director of the inter-university research institute Holland Institute of Generative Linguistics. He specializes in phonology (the sound structure of languages) and has done research in feature systems and segmental structure, syllable structure, word accent systems, vowel harmony, sign language p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Language And Linguistic Theory
''Natural Language & Linguistic Theory'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering theoretical and generative linguistics. It was established in 1983 and originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers. Since 2004 the journal is published by Springer Science+Business Media. Since 2024, the editor-in-chief has been Daniel Harbour (QMUL). The journal carries a "Topic-Comment" column (initiated by Geoffrey K. Pullum), in which a contributor presents a personal, sometimes controversial, opinion on some aspect of the field. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2015 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a type of journal ranking. Journals with higher impact factor values are considered more prestigious or important within their field. The Impact Factor of a journa ... of 0.845. References External links * Ling ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Extrametricality
In linguistics, extrametricality is a tool for prosodic analysis of words in a language. In certain languages, a particular segment or prosodic unit of a word may be ignored for the purposes of determining the stress structure of the word. For example, in a language like classical Latin, where polysyllabic words never have stress on their final syllables, and the position of stress in a word is determined by looking at the penultimate and antepenultimate syllables only, it simplifies the linguistic formulation of the stress-assignment rules of Latin to say that the final syllable of a polysyllabic word is invisible to rules which determine stress. Bruce Hayes, "Extrametricality and English Stress", '' Linguistic Inquiry'', Volume 13, issue 2 (Spring 1982), pp. 234-235. Such invisibility is called "extrametricality" in linguistic terminology. This is purely a theoretical device — an extrametrical sound or syllable is not observed to have any special pronunciation, and extramet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reduplication
In linguistics, reduplication is a Morphology (linguistics), morphological process in which the Root (linguistics), root or Stem (linguistics), stem of a word, part of that, or the whole word is repeated exactly or with a slight change. The classic observation on the semantics of reduplication is Edward Sapir, Edward Sapir's: "Generally employed, with self-evident symbolism, to indicate such concepts as distribution, plurality, repetition, customary activity, increase of size, added intensity, continuance." It is used in inflections to convey a grammatical function, such as plurality or intensification, and in Lexicon, lexical Derivation (linguistics), derivation to create new words. It is often used when a speaker adopts a tone more expressive or figurative than ordinary speech and is also often, but not exclusively, Iconicity, iconic in meaning. It is found in a wide range of languages and language groups, though its level of Productivity (linguistics), linguistic productivit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suffix
In linguistics, a suffix is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word. Common examples are case endings, which indicate the grammatical case of nouns and adjectives, and verb endings, which form the conjugation of verbs. Suffixes can carry grammatical information (inflectional endings) or lexical information ( derivational/lexical suffixes)''.'' Inflection changes the grammatical properties of a word within its syntactic category. Derivational suffixes fall into two categories: class-changing derivation and class-maintaining derivation. Particularly in the study of Semitic languages, suffixes are called affirmatives, as they can alter the form of the words. In Indo-European studies, a distinction is made between suffixes and endings (see Proto-Indo-European root). A word-final segment that is somewhere between a free morpheme and a bound morpheme is known as a suffixoidKremer, Marion. 1997. ''Person reference and gender in translation: a contrastive investigation of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ablaut
In linguistics, the Indo-European ablaut ( , from German ) is a system of apophony (regular vowel variations) in the Proto-Indo-European language (PIE). An example of ablaut in English is the strong verb ''sing, sang, sung'' and its related noun ''song'', a paradigm inherited directly from the Proto-Indo-European stage of the language. Traces of ablaut are found in all modern Indo-European languages, though its prevalence varies greatly. History of the concept The phenomenon of Indo-European ablaut was first recorded by Sanskrit grammarians in the later Vedic period (roughly 8th century BCE), and was codified by Pāṇini in his ''Aṣṭādhyāyī'' (4th century BCE), where the terms ' and '' '' were used to describe the phenomena now known respectively as the ''full grade'' and ''lengthened grade''.Burrow, §2.1. In the context of European languages, the phenomenon was first described in the early 18th century by the Dutch linguist Lambert ten Kate, in his book ''G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yawelmani Yokuts
Yawelmani Yokuts (also spelled Yowlumne and Yauelmani) is an endangered dialect of Southern Valley Yokuts historically spoken by the Yokuts living along the Kern River north of Kern Lake in the Central Valley of California. Today, most Yawelmani speakers live on or near the Tule River Reservation. Name Academic sources frequently use the name ''Yawelmani'' while referring to the language, though tribe members more often use the name ''Yowlumne''. When referencing their language, modern speakers of Yawelmani use the terms (Indian), and (speech of the Yowlumne). Speakers A 2011 estimate by Victor Golla placed the number of fluent and semi-fluent Yawelmani speakers at "up to twenty-five" Revitalization efforts In 1993, the Master-Apprentice Language Learning Program piloted a series of language programs that included Yawelmani. The program was reportedly effective in teaching conversational Yawelmani to tribal members without prior knowledge and increasing language use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
