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V.O.S. Selections, Inc. V. Trump
''V.O.S. Selections, Inc. v. United States'' is a consolidated 2025 case brought by V.O.S. Selections, Inc. and other small importers, and twelve U.S. states in the United States Court of International Trade challenging president Trump's Trump's Liberation Day tariffs, Liberation Day tariffs on the basis that these tariffs are unconstitutional and illegal, and would create a significant financial burden for businesses and consumers. The plaintiffs in both cases argued that President Donald Trump's assertion that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, International Emergency Economic Powers Act of 1977 (IEEPA) gave him such broad powers to set tariffs was not valid. A three-judge panel ruled on May 28, 2025, that the president does not have the authority to use the IEEPA to set tariffs in this way, and permanently enjoined the government from enforcing them. The administration has appealed this ruling, and the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, Fed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Court Of International Trade
The United States Court of International Trade (case citations: Ct. Int'l Trade), or CIT, is a U.S. federal court that adjudicates civil actions arising out of U.S. customs and international trade laws. Seated in Lower Manhattan, New York City, the court exercises broad jurisdiction over most trade-related matters and is permitted to hear and adjudicate cases originating anywhere in the United States as well as internationally. The court originated with the Customs Administrative Act of 1890, which established the Board of General Appraisers as a quasi-judicial entity of the U.S. Treasury Department to hear disputes primarily concerning tariffs and import duties.Patrick C. Reed, The Origins and Creation of the Board of General Appraisers'' pp. 92-92. In 1926, Congress replaced the Board with the United States Customs Court, an administrative tribunal with greater judicial functions, which in 1930 was made independent of the Treasury Department. In 1956, the U.S. Customs Court ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Steven Calabresi
Steven Gow Calabresi (born March 1, 1958) is an American legal scholar who is the Clayton J. and Henry R. Barber Professor of Law at Northwestern University. He is the co-chairman of the Federalist Society. He is the nephew of Guido Calabresi, a U.S. Appellate judge and former dean of the Yale Law School. Early life and education Calabresi graduated from the Moses Brown School in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1976. He then attended Yale College, graduating ''cum laude'' in 1980. He received his J.D. degree from Yale Law School, where he was the Note & Topics Editor of the ''Yale Law Journal''. After law school, he served as law clerk for Judge Ralph K. Winter of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, Judge Robert Bork of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, and Justice Antonin Scalia of the United States Supreme Court. While at Yale Law School, Calabresi and two Yale College friends, Lee Liberman Otis and David McIntosh, founded the Yale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clarence Thomas
Clarence Thomas (born June 23, 1948) is an American lawyer and jurist who has served since 1991 as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. President George H. W. Bush nominated him to succeed Thurgood Marshall. After Marshall, Thomas is the second African American to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court and has been its longest-serving member since Anthony Kennedy's retirement in 2018. He has also been the Court's oldest member since Stephen Breyer retired in 2022. Thomas was born in Pin Point, Georgia. After his father abandoned the family, he was raised by his grandfather in a poor Gullah community near Savannah, Georgia. Growing up as a devout Catholic, Thomas originally intended to be a priest in the Catholic Church but became dissatisfied with its efforts to combat racism and abandoned his aspiration to join the clergy. He graduated with honors from the College of the Holy Cross in 1971 and earned his Juris Doctor in 1974 from Yale Law School. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joshua Claybourn
Joshua Claybourn (born June 10, 1981) is an American attorney, author, and historian considered one of the foremost living scholars on Abraham Lincoln’s youth in Indiana. Legal work Claybourn is an attorney with the law firm of Jackson Kelly, where he represents governmental entities, public officials, businesses, and corporations. His legal work often focuses on constitutional law, separation of powers, intellectual property, and the limits of executive authority. In 2020, he co-authored an article in the ''Indiana Law Review'' with Abby DeMare advocating for greater legislative checks on executive emergency powers. Claybourn also served as co-counsel in a civil suit against the State of Indiana and Governor Eric Holcomb, alleging that certain executive orders issued during the COVID-19 pandemic exceeded the governor’s constitutional authority. The case was ultimately dismissed as moot after Governor Holcomb rescinded the challenged orders, and the Indiana Court of Appeals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philip Zelikow
Philip David Zelikow (; born 21 September 1954) is an American diplomat and international relations scholar. He has worked as the executive director of the 9/11 Commission, director of the Miller Center of Public Affairs at the University of Virginia, and counselor of the United States Department of State. He is the Botha-Chan Senior Fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution after serving for 25 years as the White Burkett Miller Professor of History at the University of Virginia. In the fall of 2009 he was American Academy in Berlin Axel Springer Fellow. Education Zelikow received a BA in history and political science from the University of Redlands, a JD from the University of Houston Law Center (where he was an editor of the law review), and a MALD and PhD in international relations from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University. Career Academic and federal government positions After practicing law in the early 1980s, Zelikow turned toward ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Wallison
Peter J. Wallison (born June 6, 1941) is an American lawyer and the Arthur F. Burns Fellow in Financial Policy Studies at the American Enterprise Institute. He specializes in financial markets deregulation. He was White House Counsel during the Tower Commission's inquiry into the Iran Contra Affair. He was a dissenting member of the 2010 Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, frequent commentator in the mass media on the federal takeover of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and the 2008 financial crisis and wrote ''Hidden in Plain Sight'' (2015) about the crisis and its legacy. Biography Wallison was born in New York City, and educated at the Capitol Page School and Harvard University, where he received his B.A. in 1963, an LL.B. in 1966, and was the president of the Young Republicans. He was admitted to the bar of New York state in 1967. Contemporary Authors Online, Gale, 2008. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale, 2008. http://galenet.galegroup.com/se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Tinder
John Daniel Tinder (born February 17, 1950) is a retired United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. Background Born in Indianapolis, Indiana on February 17, 1950, Tinder attended Brebeuf Jesuit Preparatory School in Indianapolis. He received a Bachelor of Science degree from Indiana University Bloomington in 1972, and a Juris Doctor from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law in 1975. He is a member of the Indiana University School of Law (Bloomington) Academy of Law Alumni. While in law school, Tinder worked at the U.S. Attorney's office in Indianapolis during 1974, and served as an Assistant United States Attorney for the Southern District of Indiana from 1974 to 1977. In 1977, Tinder entered private practice in Indianapolis, which he continued in until 1984 when he returned to the United States Attorney Office in Indianapolis, this time as its leader. In addition to his work in the private sector, Tinder served as a public d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chuck Hagel
Charles Timothy Hagel ( ; born October 4, 1946)Biographical information on ex-Sen. Chuck Hagel Associated Press, published in ''The News-Times'', December 17, 2012. is an American politician and United States Army, Army veteran who served as the 24th United States Secretary of Defense, United States secretary of defense from 2013 to 2015 in the Presidency of Barack Obama, administration of Barack Obama. He previously served as chairman of the president's Intelligence Advisory Board from 2009 to 2013 and as a United States Senate, United States senator representing Nebraska from 1997 to 2009. A recipient of two Purple Hearts while an infantry squad leader in the Vietnam War, Hagel returned home to start c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Danforth
John Claggett Danforth (born September 5, 1936) is an American politician, attorney, diplomat, and Episcopal priest who served as the Attorney General of Missouri from 1969 to 1976 and as a United States Senator from 1976 to 1995. A member of the Republican Party (United States), Republican Party, he later served as Special counsel#United States appointment at the federal level, Special Counsel for the U.S. Department of Justice from 1999 to 2000 and as the United States Ambassador to the United Nations from 2004 to 2005. Born in St. Louis, Missouri, Danforth graduated from Princeton University and Yale University. George H.W. Bush considered 1988 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection, selecting him as a vice-presidential running mate in 1988 United States presidential election, 1988, and Bush's son, George W. Bush, considered 2000 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection, doing the same in 2000 United States presidential election, 2000. Early life ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Allen (American Politician)
George Felix Allen (born March 8, 1952) is an American politician. A member of the Republican Party (United States), Republican Party, he served as the 67th governor of Virginia from 1994 to 1998 and as a United States Senate, United States senator from Virginia from 2001 to 2007. The son of National Football League head coach George Allen (American football coach), George Allen, he served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1983 to 1991, resigning after he won a special election for Virginia's 7th congressional district in November 1991. After his district was eliminated during redistricting, he declined to run for a full term in 1992, instead running for Governor of Virginia in the 1993 Virginia gubernatorial election, 1993 election. He defeated Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Attorney General of Virginia Mary Sue Terry by 58.3% against 40.9%. Barred by term limits from seeking reelection to a second term in 1997, he worked in the private sector until the 2000 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Mukasey
Michael Bernard Mukasey (; born July 28, 1941) is an American lawyer and jurist who served as the 81st Attorney General of the United States from 2007 to 2009 and as a U.S. district judge of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York from 1987 to 2006. Mukasey graduated from Columbia University with a degree in history and received a Bachelor of Laws from Yale Law School. He worked in private practice for two decades and spent four years as an Assistant United States Attorney in the office of the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York. In 1987, President Ronald Reagan nominated Mukasey to a judgeship on the Southern District of New York. He became the Chief Judge in 2000 and served until his retirement in 2006. Mukasey was nominated to be Attorney General by President George W. Bush following the resignation of Alberto Gonzales. Mukasey was the second Jewish U.S. Attorney General. Mukasey left office after Bush's term as president ended. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gerard Magliocca
Gerard Magliocca (born February 6, 1973) is an American legal scholar who is the Samuel R. Rosen Professor at the Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law. He is a noted scholar and expert on constitutional issues, particularly their historical underpinnings. Biography Magliocca received his B.A. degree from Stanford University and his J.D. degree from Yale Law School. He served for a year as a law clerk for Judge Guido Calabresi on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and then two years as an attorney at Covington & Burling. Thereafter, Magliocca joined the faculty at Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law. Magliocca's first book, ''Andrew Jackson and the Constitution'' (University Press of Kansas, 2007), describes the differences in political and constitutional reinterpretations that arise when a new generation gains control of the government. Using the Jacksonian era as a model he contends that political and constitutional underst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
