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Umbra Poets
Umbra was a collective of young black writers based in Manhattan's Lower East Side that was founded in 1962. Background Umbra was one of the first post-civil rights Black literary groups to make an impact as radical in the sense of establishing their own voice distinct from, and sometimes at odds with, the prevailing white literary establishment. The attempt to merge a Black-oriented activist thrust with a primarily artistic orientation produced a classic split in Umbra between those who wanted to be activists and those who thought of themselves as primarily writers, though to some extent all members shared both views. Black writers have always had to face the issue of whether their work was primarily political or aesthetic. Moreover, Umbra itself had evolved out of similar circumstances: in 1960 a Black nationalist literary organization, On Guard for Freedom, had been founded on the Lower East Side by Calvin Hicks. Its members included Nannie and Walter Bowe, Harold Cruse (who wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black People
Black is a racialized classification of people, usually a political and skin color-based category for specific populations with a mid to dark brown complexion. Not all people considered "black" have dark skin; in certain countries, often in socially based systems of racial classification in the Western world, the term "black" is used to describe persons who are perceived as dark-skinned compared to other populations. It is most commonly used for people of sub-Saharan African ancestry and the indigenous peoples of Oceania, though it has been applied in many contexts to other groups, and is no indicator of any close ancestral relationship whatsoever. Indigenous African societies do not use the term ''black'' as a racial identity outside of influences brought by Western cultures. The term "black" may or may not be capitalized. The '' AP Stylebook'' changed its guide to capitalize the "b" in ''black'' in 2020. The '' ASA Style Guide'' says that the "b" should not be capitalized. S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Steve Cannon (writer)
Steve Cannon (April 10, 1935 – July 7, 2019) was an American writer and the founder of the cultural organization A Gathering of the Tribes. He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, and moved to New York City in 1962. Early life Steve Cannon was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, on April 10, 1935, and was named Calvin Stanley Cannon. Arriving in the middle of the Great Depression, the eighth child of Eugene Charles Cannon (September 1, 1900–June ? 1992) and Lillie Victoria St Cyr Cannon (August 4, 1905 – July 1, 1935), he did not suffer financial deprivation because Eugene was a letter carrier, which was an excellent job for a black man in those days. Eugene was later also ordained a Baptist minister. Lillie had worked at James Lewis Elementary School before marrying, and at that time married women could not teach school. Calvin/Steve's mother, Lillie, died on July 1, 1935, from complications related to giving birth to him.1 After her death, Eugene's mother Patsy Payne Canno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nationalism
Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the State (polity), state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a in-group and out-group, group of people),Anthony D. Smith, Smith, Anthony. ''Nationalism: Theory, Ideology, History''. Polity (publisher), Polity, 2010. pp. 9, 25–30; especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation's sovereignty (self-governance) over its homeland to create a nation-state. Nationalism holds that each nation should govern itself, free from outside interference (self-determination), that a nation is a natural and ideal basis for a polity, and that the nation is the only rightful source of political power. It further aims to build and maintain a single national identity, based on a combination of shared social characteristics such as culture, ethnicity, geographic location, language, politics (or the government), religion, traditions and belief ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Askia M
Askia Muhammad I (b. 1443 – d. 1538), born Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr al-Turi or Muhammad Ture, was the first ruler of the Askia dynasty of the Songhai Empire, reigning from 1493 to 1528. He is also known as Askia the Great, and his name in modern Songhai is Mamar Kassey. Askia Muhammad strengthened his empire and made it the largest empire in West Africa's history. At its peak under his reign, the Songhai Empire encompassed the Hausa states as far as Kano (in present-day Northern Nigeria) and much of the territory that had belonged to the Songhai empire in the east. His policies resulted in a rapid expansion of trade with Europe and Asia, the creation of many schools, and the establishment of Islam as an integral part of the empire. Muhammad was a prominent general under the Songhai ruler Sunni Ali. When Sunni Ali was succeeded by his son, Sunni Baru, in 1492, Muhammad challenged the succession on the grounds that the new ruler was not a faithful Muslim. He defeated Baru and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lorenzo Thomas (poet)
Lorenzo Thomas (August 31, 1944 – July 4, 2005) was an American poet and critic. He was born in the Republic of Panama and grew up in New York City, where his family immigrated in 1948. In 1973, Thomas moved to Houston, Texas. Thomas had a two decade career as a professor at the University of Houston–Downtown. Early life Thomas was born in Panama to Afro-Caribbean parents. His father, a pharmacist, was from Saint Vincent and his mother, Luzmilda, a community activist, was Jamaican, born in Costa Rica. Her sister Sadie Clemencia Dolphy was the mother of musician Eric Dolphy."Eric Dolphy; A Musical Biography", Vladimir Simosko, 1996, Da Capo Press; https://vimeo.com/12369541 As a child in NYC, he attended Duke Ellington Elementary School ( P.S. 140;) Edgar D. Shimer Junior High School ( P.S. 142;) and Andrew Jackson High School. Thomas was a graduate of Queens College in New York with a B.A. in English Literature, and minor in History & Communication Arts (Radio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cecil Taylor
Cecil Percival Taylor (March 25, 1929April 5, 2018) was an American pianist and poet. Taylor was classically trained and was one of the pioneers of free jazz. His music is characterized by an energetic, physical approach, resulting in complex improvisation often involving tone clusters and intricate polyrhythms. His technique has been compared to percussion. Referring to the number of keys on a standard piano, Val Wilmer used the phrase "eighty-eight tuned drums" to describe Taylor's style. He has been referred to as being "like Art Tatum with contemporary-classical leanings". Early life and education Cecil Percival Taylor was born on March 25, 1929, in Long Island City, Queens, and raised in Corona, Queens. Ratliff, Ben (May 3, 2012)"Lessons From the Dean of the School of Improv" ''The New York Times''. Retrieved December 9, 2017: "I recently spoke with the 83-year-old improvising pianist Cecil Taylor for about five hours over two days. One day was at his three-story home ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archie Shepp
Archie Shepp (born May 24, 1937) is an American jazz saxophonist, educator and playwright who since the 1960s has played a central part in the development of avant-garde jazz. Biography Early life Shepp was born in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, but raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He studied piano, clarinet and alto saxophone before narrowing his focus to tenor saxophone. He occasionally plays soprano saxophone as well. He studied drama at Goddard College from 1955 to 1959. He played in a Latin jazz band for a short time before joining the band of avant-garde pianist Cecil Taylor. Shepp's first recording under his own name, '' Archie Shepp - Bill Dixon Quartet'', was released on Savoy Records in 1962 and featured a composition by Ornette Coleman. Along with alto saxophonist John Tchicai and trumpeter Don Cherry, he formed the New York Contemporary Five. John Coltrane's admiration for Shepp led to recordings for Impulse! Records, the first of which was ''Four for Trane'' in 1964 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ishmael Reed
Ishmael Scott Reed (born February 22, 1938) is an American poet, novelist, essayist, songwriter, composer, playwright, editor and publisher known for his satirical works challenging American political culture. Perhaps his best-known work is '' Mumbo Jumbo'' (1972), a sprawling and unorthodox novel set in 1920s New York. Reed's work has often sought to represent neglected African and African-American perspectives; his energy and advocacy have centered more broadly on neglected peoples and perspectives, irrespective of their cultural origins. Life and career Reed was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee. His family moved to Buffalo, New York, when he was a child, during the Great Migration. After attending local schools, Reed attended the University at Buffalo. Reed withdrew from college in his junior year, partly for financial reasons, but mainly because he felt he needed a new atmosphere to support his writing and music. He said of this decision: This was the best thing that could h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lennox Raphael
Lennox Raphael (born September 17, 1939, in Trinidad, West Indies) is a journalist, poet, and playwright. His writings have been published in ''Negro Digest'', ''American Dialog'', ''New Black Poetry'', ''Natural Process'' and ''Freedomways''. A long-time resident of New York City, Raphael currently lives in Copenhagen, Denmark. Biography Raphael worked as a reporter in Jamaica before first coming to the United States as a U.N. correspondent. He also became a staff writer for the underground newspaper the ''East Village Other'', and an editor of ''Umbra'', a poetry journal based in New York. In 1969 Raphael worked as a writer in the schools with the Teachers & Writers Collaborative at P.S. 26 in Brooklyn, New York. Journalism In his journalism Raphael has explored the relationship between black West Indian immigrants to the United States and the longer established African-American community. He points out that, in the 1960s, although there was a need for West Indian immigrants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norman Pritchard (poet)
Norman Henry Pritchard, or N. H. Pritchard (October 22, 1939 – February 8, 1996),Aldon Lynn Nielsen, ''Black Chant: Languages of African-American Postmodernism'' Cambridge University Press, pp. 130-133, 136. was an American poet. He was a member of the , a collective of Black writers in Manhattan's Lower East Side founded in 1962. Pritchard's poetry is considered |
Calvin C
Calvin may refer to: Names * Calvin (given name) ** Particularly Calvin Coolidge, 30th President of the United States * Calvin (surname) ** Particularly John Calvin, theologian Places In the United States * Calvin, Arkansas, a hamlet * Calvin Township, Jewell County, Kansas * Calvin, Louisiana, a village * Calvin Township, Michigan ** Calvin crater, an impact crater * Calvin, North Dakota, a city * Calvin, Oklahoma, a town * Calvin, Virginia * Calvin, West Virginia, an unincorporated community Elsewhere * Calvin, Ontario, Canada, a township * Mount Calvin, Victoria Land, Antarctica Schools * Calvin University (South Korea), a Presbyterian-affiliated university in South Korea * Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan * Calvin Theological Seminary, Grand Rapids, Michigan * Calvin High School (other), various American schools * Calvin Christian School (Escondido, California) * Calvin Christian School (Kingston, Tasmania) * Collège Calvin, the oldest public secondary s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Henderson (poet)
David Henderson (born September 19, 1942) is an American writer and poet. Henderson was a co-founder of the Black Arts Movement in the 1960s. He has been an active member of New York’s Lower East Side art community for more than 40 years. His work has appeared in many literary publications and anthologies, and he has published four volumes of his own poetry. He is most known for his highly acclaimed biography of rock guitarist, Jimi Hendrix, which he revised and expanded for a second edition which was published in 2009. Life and work David Henderson was born on 19 September 1942 in Harlem, New York. He was raised in Harlem, and attended Bronx Community College, Hunter College and the New School for Social Research. Henderson studied writing, communications and Eastern cultures without ever completing a degree. His first published poem appeared in the New York newsweekly ''Black American'' in 1960. Henderson became active in the many Black nationalist, arts and anti-war movem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
