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Urs Hölzle
Urs Hölzle (; born 1964) is a Swiss-American software engineer and technology executive. As Google's eighth employee and its first VP of Engineering, he has shaped much of Google's development processes and infrastructure, as well as its engineering culture. His most notable contributions include leading the development of fundamental cloud infrastructure such as energy-efficient data centers, distributed compute and storage systems, and software-defined networking. Until July 2023, he was the Senior Vice President of Technical Infrastructure and Google Fellow at Google. In July 2023, he transitioned to being a Google Fellow only. Career Before joining Google, Hölzle was an associate professor of computer science at University of California, Santa Barbara. He received a master's degree in computer science from ETH Zurich in 1988 and was awarded a Fulbright scholarship that same year. In 1994, he earned a Ph.D. from Stanford University, where his research focused on programming l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basel
Basel ( ; ), also known as Basle ( ), ; ; ; . is a city in northwestern Switzerland on the river Rhine (at the transition from the High Rhine, High to the Upper Rhine). Basel is Switzerland's List of cities in Switzerland, third-most-populous city (after Zurich and Geneva), with 177,595 inhabitants within the city municipality limits. The official language of Basel is Swiss Standard German and the main spoken language is the local Basel German dialect. Basel is commonly considered to be the cultural capital of Switzerland and the city is famous for its many Museums in Basel, museums, including the Kunstmuseum Basel, Kunstmuseum, which is the first collection of art accessible to the public in the world (1661) and the largest museum of Swiss art, art in Switzerland, the Fondation Beyeler (located in Riehen), the Museum Tinguely and the Museum of Contemporary Art (Basel), Museum of Contemporary Art, which is the first public museum of contemporary art in Europe. Forty museums ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fulbright
The Fulbright Program, including the Fulbright–Hays Program, is one of several United States cultural exchange programs with the goal of improving intercultural relations, cultural diplomacy, and intercultural competence between the people of the United States and other countries through the mutual exchange of persons, knowledge, and skills. The program was founded by United States Senator J. William Fulbright in 1946, and has been considered as one of the most prestigious scholarships in the United States. Via the program, competitively selected American citizens including students, scholars, teachers, professionals, scientists, and artists may receive scholarships or grants to study, conduct research, teach, or exercise their talents abroad; and citizens of other countries may qualify to do the same in the United States. The program provides approximately 8,000 grants annually, comprising roughly 1,600 grants to U.S. students, 1,200 to U.S. scholars, 4,000 to foreign ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
OpenFlow
OpenFlow is a communications protocol that gives access to the forwarding plane of a network switch or router (computing), router over the network. Description OpenFlow enables network controllers to determine the path of network packets across a network of switches. The controllers are distinct from the switches. This separation of the control from the forwarding allows for more sophisticated traffic management than is feasible using access control lists (ACLs) and routing protocols. Also, OpenFlow allows switches from different vendors — often each with their own proprietary interfaces and scripting languages — to be managed remotely using a single, open protocol. The protocol's inventors consider OpenFlow an enabler of software-defined networking (SDN). OpenFlow allows remote administration of a layer 3 switch's packet forwarding tables, by adding, modifying and removing packet matching rules and actions. This way, routing decisions can be made periodically or ''ad hoc'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petabyte
The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits. Historically, the byte was the number of bits used to encode a single character of text in a computer and for this reason it is the smallest addressable unit of memory in many computer architectures. To disambiguate arbitrarily sized bytes from the common 8-bit definition, network protocol documents such as the Internet Protocol () refer to an 8-bit byte as an octet. Those bits in an octet are usually counted with numbering from 0 to 7 or 7 to 0 depending on the bit endianness. The size of the byte has historically been hardware-dependent and no definitive standards existed that mandated the size. Sizes from 1 to 48 bits have been used. The six-bit character code was an often-used implementation in early encoding systems, and computers using six-bit and nine-bit bytes were common in the 1960s. These systems often had memory words of 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 48, or 60 bits, corresponding to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clos Network
In the field of telecommunications, a Clos network is a kind of multistage circuit-switching network which represents a theoretical idealization of practical, multistage switching systems. It was invented by Edson Erwin in 1938 and first formalized by the American engineer Charles Clos in 1952. By adding stages, a Clos network reduces the number of crosspoints required to compose a large crossbar switch. A Clos network topology (diagrammed below) is parameterized by three integers ''n'', ''m'', and ''r'': ''n'' represents the number of sources which feed into each of ''r'' ingress stage crossbar switches; each ingress stage crossbar switch has ''m'' outlets; and there are ''m'' middle stage crossbar switches. Circuit switching arranges a dedicated communications path for a connection between endpoints for the duration of the connection. This sacrifices total bandwidth available if the dedicated connections are poorly utilized, but makes the connection and bandwidth more predict ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Energy Proportional Computing
In computing, energy proportionality is a measure of the relationship between power consumed in a Computer, computer system, and the rate at which useful work is done (its utilization, which is one measure of Computer performance, performance). If the overall power consumption is proportional to the computer's utilization, then the machine is said to be energy proportional. Equivalently stated, for an idealized energy proportional computer, the overall energy per operation (a measure of Efficient energy use, energy efficiency) is constant for all possible workloads and operating conditions. The concept was first proposed in 2007 by Google engineers Luiz André Barroso and Urs Hölzle, who urged Computer architecture, computer architects to design servers that would be much more energy efficient for the datacenter setting. Energy proportional computing is currently an area of active research, and has been highlighted as an important design goal for cloud computing. There are many ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pat Gelsinger
Patrick Paul Gelsinger (; born March 5, 1961) is an American business executive and engineer, who was the CEO of Intel from February 2021 to December 2024. Based mainly in Silicon Valley since the late 1970s, Gelsinger graduated from Stanford University with a master's degree in engineering in 1985 and was the chief architect of Intel's i486 microprocessor in the 1980s. He was Intel's CTO from 2001 to 2009. He left Intel in 2009 and was the CEO of VMware and president and chief operating officer (COO) at EMC, before returning to Intel as CEO in February 2021. In 2024, he stepped down as the CEO and from the board of directors. Early life and education Gelsinger was raised on family farms by his parents, June and Paul Gelsinger, in rural Robesonia, in an Amish and Mennonite part of Pennsylvania. As a teenager, he received a high score on a Lincoln Tech electronics technology test, winning an early-admission scholarship. He then skipped his final year at Conrad Weiser Hig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Climate Savers Computing Initiative
The Climate Savers Computing Initiative was a nonprofit group of consumers, businesses and conservation organizations dedicated to promoting smart technologies that improve power efficiency and reduce energy consumption of computers. Formed in 2007, it was based in Portland, Oregon. In July 2012, Climate Savers Computing Initiative combined with The Green Grid and its programs continue within that organization. Participating manufacturers committed to producing products that meet specified power-efficiency targets, and members committed to purchasing power-efficient computing products. By 2010, the initiative sought to reduce energy consumption by computers by 50 percent and reduce global emissions from the operation of computers by 54 million tons a year. Goal The goal of the new environmental effort was to save energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by setting targets for energy-efficient computers and components, and promoting the adoption of energy-efficient computers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luiz André Barroso
Luiz André Barroso (June 30, 1964 – September 16, 2023) was a Brazilian computer engineer. While working for Google, he pioneered the design of the modern data center. Born in Rio de Janeiro, Barroso worked at Digital Equipment Corporation prior to joining Google. He joined Google in 2001 and was tasked with managing the design of the data center. Barroso is credited with redesigning Google's data centers and servers to be significantly more energy and cost-efficient. Barroso was a Google Fellow and lead the office of Cross-Google Engineering (XGE) from where he coordinated key technical initiatives that spanned multiple Google products. He worked as a VP of Engineering in the Core and Maps teams, and was a technical leader in areas such as Google Search and the design of Google’s computing platform. He also helped forge a consensus around Bluetooth contact tracing, which is estimated to have saved 10,000 lives in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. Barroso was a fellow of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jeff Dean
Jeffrey Adgate Dean (born July 23, 1968) is an American computer scientist and software engineer. Since 2018, he has been the lead of Google AI. He was appointed Google's chief scientist in 2023 after the merger of DeepMind and Google Brain into Google DeepMind. Education Dean received a B.S., ''summa cum laude'', from the University of Minnesota in computer science and economics in 1990. His undergraduate thesis was on neural networks in C programming, advised by Vipin Kumar. He received a Ph.D. in computer science from the University of Washington in 1996, working under Craig Chambers on compilers and whole-program optimization techniques for object-oriented programming languages. He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2009, which recognized his work on "the science and engineering of large-scale distributed computer systems". Career Before joining Google, Dean worked at DEC/Compaq's Western Research Laboratory, where he worked on profiling tools, mic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HotSpot (virtual Machine)
HotSpot, released as Java HotSpot Performance Engine, is a Java virtual machine for desktop and server computers, developed by Sun Microsystems which was purchased by and became a division of Oracle Corporation in 2010. Its features improved performance via methods such as just-in-time compilation and adaptive optimization. It is the de facto Java Virtual Machine, serving as the reference implementation of the Java programming language. History The Java HotSpot Performance Engine was released on April 27, 1999, built on technologies from an implementation of the programming language Smalltalk named Strongtalk, originally developed by Longview Technologies, which traded as Animorphic. The Longview virtual machine was based on the Self virtual machine, with an interpreter replacing the fast-and-dumb first compiler. When Sun cancelled the Self project, two key people, Urs Hölzle and Lars Bak left Sun to start Longview. In 1997, Sun Microsystems purchased Animorphic. Shor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Java VM
A Java virtual machine (JVM) is a virtual machine that enables a computer to run Java programs as well as programs written in other languages that are also compiled to Java bytecode. The JVM is detailed by a specification that formally describes what is required in a JVM implementation. Having a specification ensures interoperability of Java programs across different implementations so that program authors using the Java Development Kit (JDK) need not worry about idiosyncrasies of the underlying hardware platform. The JVM reference implementation is developed by the OpenJDK project as open source code and includes a JIT compiler called HotSpot. The commercially supported Java releases available from Oracle are based on the OpenJDK runtime. Eclipse OpenJ9 is another open source JVM for OpenJDK. JVM specification The Java virtual machine is an abstract (virtual) computer defined by a specification. It is a part of the Java runtime environment. The garbage collection algorithm u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
