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Union Mount
In computer operating systems, union mounting is a way of combining multiple directories into one that appears to contain their combined contents. Union mounting is supported in Linux, Berkeley Software Distribution, BSD and several of its successors, and Plan 9 from Bell Labs, Plan 9, with similar but subtly different behavior. As an example application of union mounting, consider the need to update the information contained on a CD-ROM or DVD-ROM, DVD. While a CD-ROM is not writable, one can overlay the CD's mount point with a writable directory in a union mount. Then, updating files in the union directory will cause them to end up in the writable directory, giving the illusion that the CD-ROM's contents have been updated. Implementations Plan 9 In the Plan 9 operating system from Bell Labs (mid-1980s onward), union mounting is a central concept, replacing several older Unix conventions with union directories; for example, several directories containing executable file, execu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Computer
A computer is a machine that can be Computer programming, programmed to automatically Execution (computing), carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations (''computation''). Modern digital electronic computers can perform generic sets of operations known as Computer program, ''programs'', which enable computers to perform a wide range of tasks. The term computer system may refer to a nominally complete computer that includes the Computer hardware, hardware, operating system, software, and peripheral equipment needed and used for full operation; or to a group of computers that are linked and function together, such as a computer network or computer cluster. A broad range of Programmable logic controller, industrial and Consumer electronics, consumer products use computers as control systems, including simple special-purpose devices like microwave ovens and remote controls, and factory devices like industrial robots. Computers are at the core of general-purpose devices ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Memory-mapped File
A memory-mapped file is a segment of virtual memory that has been assigned a direct byte-for-byte correlation with some portion of a file or file-like resource. This resource is typically a file that is physically present on disk, but can also be a device, shared memory object, or other resource that an operating system can reference through a file descriptor. Once present, this correlation between the file and the memory space permits applications to treat the mapped portion as if it were primary memory. History TOPS-20 PMAP An early () implementation of this was the PMAP system call on the DEC-20's TOPS-20 operating system, a feature used by Software House's System-1022 database system. SunOS 4 mmap SunOS 4 introduced Unix's mmap, which permitted programs "to map files into memory." Windows Growable Memory-Mapped Files (GMMF) Two decades after the release of TOPS-20's PMAP, Windows NT was given Growable Memory-Mapped Files (GMMF). Since " function requires a size to be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GlusterFS
Gluster Inc. (formerly known as Z RESEARCH) was a software company that provided an open source platform for scale-out public and private cloud storage. The company was privately funded and headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, with an engineering center in Bangalore, India. Gluster was funded by Nexus Venture Partners and Index Ventures. Gluster was acquired by Red Hat on October 7, 2011. History The name ''Gluster'' comes from the combination of the terms ''GNU'' and ''cluster''. Despite the similarity in names, Gluster is not related to the Lustre file system and does not incorporate any Lustre code. Gluster based its product on ''GlusterFS'', an open-source software-based network-attached filesystem that deploys on commodity hardware. The initial version of GlusterFS was written by Anand Babu Periasamy, Gluster's founder and CTO. In May 2010 Ben Golub became the president and chief executive officer. Red Hat became the primary author and maintainer of the GlusterFS op ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phoronix
Phoronix Test Suite (PTS) is a free and open-source benchmark software for Linux and other operating systems. The Phoronix Test Suite, developed by Michael Larabel and Matthew Tippett, has been endorsed by sites such as Linux.com, LinuxPlanet, and Softpedia. Features Phoronix Test Suite supports over 220 test profiles and over 60 test suites. It uses an XML-based testing architecture. Tests available to use include MEncoder, FFmpeg and lm sensors, along with OpenGL games such as '' Doom 3'', '' Nexuiz'', and '' Enemy Territory: Quake Wars'', and many more. The suite also contains a feature called PTS Global where users may upload their test results and system information for sharing. By executing a single command, other users can compare their test results to a selected system in an easy-comparison mode. Before 2014, these benchmark results could be uploaded to the Phoronix Global online database, but since 2013, these benchmark results can be uploaded topenbenchmarking. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linux Kernel
The Linux kernel is a Free and open-source software, free and open source Unix-like kernel (operating system), kernel that is used in many computer systems worldwide. The kernel was created by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and was soon adopted as the kernel for the GNU operating system (OS) which was created to be a free software, free replacement for Unix. Since the late 1990s, it has been included in many Linux distributions, operating system distributions, many of which are called Linux. One such Linux kernel operating system is Android (operating system), Android which is used in many mobile and embedded devices. Most of the kernel code is written in C (programming language), C as supported by the GNU compiler collection (GCC) which has extensions beyond standard C. The code also contains assembly language, assembly code for architecture-specific logic such as optimizing memory use and task execution. The kernel has a Modular programming, modular design such that modules can be inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
OverlayFS
OverlayFS is a union mount filesystem implementation for Linux. It combines multiple different underlying mount points into one, resulting in a single directory structure that contains underlying files and sub-directories from all sources. Common applications overlay a read/write partition over a read-only partition, such as with LiveCDs and IoT devices with limited flash memory write cycles. History The need and specification of a kernel mode Linux union mount filesystem was identified in late 2009. The initial RFC patchset of OverlayFS was submitted by Miklos Szeredi in 2010. By 2011, OpenWrt had already adopted it for their use. It was merged into the Linux kernel mainline in 2014, in kernel version 3.18. It was improved in version 4.0, bringing improvements necessary for e.g. the storage driver in Docker. While most Live CD linux distributions used Aufs as of November 2016, Slackware used overlayfs for its live CD. Implementation Here is an example of usage of Overlay ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stony Brook University
Stony Brook University (SBU), officially the State University of New York at Stony Brook, is a public university, public research university in Stony Brook, New York, United States, on Long Island. Along with the University at Buffalo, it is one of the State University of New York system's two Flagship#University, flagship institutions. Its campus consists of 213 buildings on over of land in Suffolk County, New York, Suffolk County and it is the largest public university (by area) in the state of New York. Opened in 1957 in Oyster Bay (hamlet), New York, Oyster Bay as the State University College on Long Island, the institution moved to Stony Brook, New York, Stony Brook in 1962. Stony Brook is part of the Association of American Universities and the Universities Research Association. It is Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". Stony Brook University, in partnership with Batt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FiST
A fist is the shape of a hand when the fingers are bent inward against the palm and held there tightly. To make or clench a fist is to fold the fingers tightly into the center of the palm and then to clamp the thumb over the middle phalanges; in contrast to this "closed" fist, one keeps the fist "open" by holding the thumb against the side of the index finger. One uses the closed fist to punch the lower phalanges against a surface, or to pound with the little-finger side of the hand's heel; one uses the open fist to knock with the middle knuckle of the middle finger. Speakers of some English dialects may use the word "nieve" or "neef" to refer to a fist. Physiology and neurology Making a fist is virtually unknown among other primates. This is because while "most primate hands are long of palm and finger ndshort of thumb", the proportions are the opposite for humans. At least one study has claimed that the clenching of one's fist can be used to recall information. Some stu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UnionFS
Unionfs is a filesystem service for Linux, FreeBSD and NetBSD which implements a union mount for other file systems. It allows files and directories of separate file systems, known as branches, to be transparently overlaid, forming a single coherent file system. Contents of directories which have the same path within the merged branches will be seen together in a single merged directory, within the new, virtual filesystem. When mounting branches, the priority of one branch over the other is specified. So when both branches contain a file with the same name, one gets priority over the other. The different branches may be either ''read-only'' or ''read/write'' file systems, so that writes to the virtual, merged copy are directed to a specific real file system. This allows a file system to appear as writable, but without actually allowing writes to change the file system, also known as copy-on-write. This may be desirable when the media is physically read-only, such as in the case ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unix File Types
The Unix file types are the categories of file formats that a Unix-based system uses to provide context-sensitive behavior of file system items all of which called ''files'' in Unix-based systems. POSIX defines categories: regular, Directory (computing), directory, symbolic link, Named pipe, FIFO special, Device file, block special, character special, and Unix domain socket, socket. An operating system may define additional categories (e.g. Solaris Doors (computing), doors). A regular file is any file format that the file system does not know and relies on applications to manipulate. The other categories are for file formats that the file system inherently knows and can manipulate. The ls, ls -l command reports a file's category via the character before the File-system permissions#Notation of traditional Unix permissions, permissions information. The File (command), file command reports file format information; even for regular files. Representations Numeric The type of a f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spring (operating System)
Spring is a discontinued project in building an experimental microkernel-based object-oriented operating system (OS) developed at Sun Microsystems in the early 1990s. Using technology substantially similar to concepts developed in the Mach kernel, Spring concentrated on providing a richer programming environment supporting multiple inheritance and other features. Spring was also more cleanly separated from the operating systems it would host, divorcing it from its Unix roots and even allowing several OSes to be run at the same time. Development faded out in the mid-1990s, but several ideas and some code from the project was later re-used in the Java programming language libraries and the Solaris operating system. History Spring started in a roundabout fashion in 1987, as part of Sun and AT&T's collaboration to create a merged UNIX. Both companies decided it was also a good opportunity to "reimplement UNIX in an object-oriented fashion". However, after only a few meetings, this p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
