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Uhunduni Language
Uhunduni, also known as Damal (''Damal-kal'') and Amung (''Amung-kal'') after two of its dialects, is the language of the Amung people and Damal people. It is a Trans–New Guinea language that forms an independent branch of that family in the classification of Malcolm Ross (2005). However, it is treated as an isolate by Palmer (2018). This language family is also called Ingkipilu in a classification by Anton Moeliono. The word ''Damal'' came from the Dani people, while ''Uhunduni'' came from the Moni people. Dialects are Amongme, Amung, Damal, Enggipilu. Classification Pawley and Hammarström (2018) do not consider there to be sufficient evidence for Uhunduni to be classified as part of Trans-New Guinea, though they do note the following lexical resemblances between Uhunduni and proto-Trans-New Guinea. *''no''- ‘eat’ < *na- *''mo''- come’ < *me- *''mini''- ‘sit’ < *mVna- *''eme''- ‘give’ < *mV- Pronouns Ross (2005) lists the pronouns a ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Papua
Central Papua, officially the Central Papua Province () is an Indonesian Provinces of Indonesia, province located in the central region of Western New Guinea. It was formally established on 25 July 2022 from the former eight western regencies of the province of Papua (province), Papua. It covers an area of 61,072.91 km2 and had an officially estimated population of 1,472,910 in mid 2024 (comprising 784,670 males and 688,240 females).Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Provinsi Papua Tengah Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.94) It is bordered by the Indonesian provinces of West Papua (province), West Papua to the west, the province of Papua (province), Papua to the north and northeast, by Highland Papua to the east, and by South Papua to the southeast. The administrative capital is located in Wanggar District in Nabire Regency, although Timika (in Mimika Regency) is a larger town. Central Papua are bordered by seas in the north and south. Nabire is situat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paniai Regency
Paniai Regency is one of the regencies (''kabupaten'') in Central Papua Province of Indonesia. It is named after the Paniai Lakes. It covers an area of 6,525.25 km2, and had a population of 153,432 at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 220,410 at the 2020 Census;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. the official estimate as of mid-2024 was 227,254 - comprising 124,260 males and 102,994 females.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Kabupaten Paniai Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.9605) The administrative centre is the town of Enarotali, in East Paniai. Administrative districts At the 2010 Census, Paniai Regency comprised ten districts (''distrik''). However, by 2018 the splitting of existing districts to create additional ones had raised the total to twenty-four districts. These are tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 censusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 2020 Census.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puncak Jaya
Puncak Jaya (; literally "Victorious Peak", Amungme: ''Nemangkawi Ninggok'') or Carstensz Pyramid (, , ) on the island of New Guinea, with an elevation of , is the highest mountain peak of an island on Earth, and the highest peak in Indonesia and within Australasia. The mountain is located in the Sudirman Range of the highlands of Mimika Regency, Central Papua, Indonesia. Puncak Jaya is ranked 5th in the world by topographic isolation. When regarding New Guinea as part of the Australian continent in a biogeographical sense, Puncak Jaya can be considered the highest peak in all of Oceania, with its elevation exceeding those of the highest peaks in the nearby nations of Papua New Guinea (Mount Wilhelm), New Zealand ( Aoraki / Mount Cook) and Australia (Mount Kosciuszko). Puncak Jaya is therefore often listed as one of the Seven Summits. However, since Puncak Jaya is in Western New Guinea, an area administered by Indonesia and therefore geopolitically part of Southeast Asia, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amung People
The Amung (also known as Amungme, Amungm, Amui, Amuy, Hamung, or Uhunduni) people are a group of about 17,700 people living in the highlands of the Central Papua province of Indonesia. Most Amungme live in Mimika and Puncak, in valleys like Noema, Tsinga, Hoeya, Bella, Alama, Aroanop, and Wa. A related group lives in Beoga Valley, Puncak and they are called Damal people. Their language, Uhunduni, has several dialects. Amung-kal is spoken mostly in the southern regions and in the north, it is called Damal-kal. Additionally, they have symbolic languages called Aro-a-kal and Tebo-a-kal. Tebo-a-kal is only spoken in sacred areas. The traditional beliefs of the Amungme people are animistic. The Amungme people did not have the idea of "gods" that are separate from nature where spirits and nature are the same. They see themselves as the eldest child of God ''Nagawan Into'', hence conqueror and ruler of the world ''Amungsa''. The position of Amungme leader is not inherited by lineag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Damal People
The Damal or Damalme are a group of people living in the highlands of the Central Papua province of Indonesia. They primarily live in Beoga Valley along the river of Beogong. The Damal people are closely related to the Delem people and the Amungme people living in the southern lowland region. Delem is an ethnic group reportedly descended from the Damal people, Dani people, and . According to oral history, the Damal people came from a place called ''Mepingama'' in Baliem Valley, and then '' Kurima'' where they gathered, and ''Hitigima'' the place where they started creating '' Honai'' houses with thatched roofs. From Kurima the ancestors of many Papuan tribes including Damal traveled west and settled in Ilop which now are called Beoga and Ilaga. From their heartland in Beoga and Ilaga, some Damal moved to Jila, Alama, Bella, Tsinga, Hoeya, Tembagapura (Kampung Waa), Aroanop, Timika, and Agimuga. Social structure The Damal have a system of exogamous Exogamy is the socia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trans–New Guinea Languages
Trans–New Guinea (TNG) is an extensive Language family, family of Papuan languages spoken on the island of New Guinea and neighboring islands, a region corresponding to the country Papua New Guinea as well as Western New Guinea, parts of Indonesia. Trans–New Guinea is perhaps the List of language families#By number of languages, third-largest language family in the world by number of languages. The core of the family is considered to be established, but its boundaries and overall membership are uncertain. The languages are spoken by around 3 million people. There have been several main proposals as to its internal classification. History of the proposal Although Papuan languages for the most part are poorly documented, several of the branches of Trans–New Guinea have been recognized for some time. The Eleman languages were first proposed by S. Ray in 1907, parts of Marind languages, Marind were recognized by Ray and JHP Murray in 1918, and the Rai Coast languages in 1919, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
West Papuan Highlands Languages
The West Papuan Highland languages, also known as the Irian Highland languages, are a branch of the Trans–New Guinea language family proposed by Larson & Larson (1972) and confirmed by Timothy Usher. William A. Foley considers their Trans–New Guinea identity to be established. * Dani (Balim Valley) family * Paniai Lakes The Paniai Lakes, originally known as the Wissel Lakes, are the three large, freshwater lakes in Central Papua, Indonesia: Paniai, Tigi, and Tage. Lakes Paniai and Tage are located in the Paniai Regency, while Lake Tigi is located in Deiyai Regen ... (Wissel Lakes) family * Amung–Dem ** Uhunduni (Amung, Damal) ** Dem History Capell linked the Dani languages to Kwerba in 1962, a position followed by Wurm, who included Dani-Kwerba and the Wissel Lakes (Paniai Lakes) languages as branches of Trans–New Guinea. Larson & Larson (1972) proposed that the Dani and Paniai Lakes families, along with the Amung and Dem isolates, grouped together within TNG. Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malcolm Ross (linguist)
Malcolm David Ross (born 1942) is an Australian linguist. He is the emeritus professor of linguistics at the Australian National University. Ross is best known among linguists for his work on Austronesian and Papuan languages, historical linguistics, and language contact (especially metatypy). He was elected as a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities in 1996. Career Ross served as the Principal of Goroka Teachers College in Papua New Guinea from 1980 to 1982, during which time he self-statedly become interested in local languages, and began to collect data on them. In 1986, he received his PhD from the ANU under the supervision of Stephen Wurm, Bert Voorhoeve and Darrell Tryon. His dissertation was on the genealogy of the Oceanic languages of western Melanesia, and contained an early reconstruction of Proto Oceanic. Malcolm Ross introduced the concept of a linkage, a group of languages that evolves via dialect differentiation rather than by tree-like spli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anton Moeliono
Anton Moedardo Moeliono (21 February 1929 in Bandung – 25 July 2011 in Jakarta) was an Indonesian linguist. He is notable for his contribution into codification of the Indonesian language and orthography, and also in the field of Indonesian terminology. In 1958, he completed his undergraduate studies at the Faculty of Literature of the University of Indonesia. In 1965, he obtained his master's degree in general linguistics at Cornell University. In 1971, he undertook postgraduate studies at the University of Leiden Leiden University (abbreviated as ''LEI''; ) is a public research university in Leiden, Netherlands. Established in 1575 by William, Prince of Orange as a Protestant institution, it holds the distinction of being the oldest university in the Neth .... He obtained his doctorate in 1981 at the University of Indonesia. Since 1982, he was a professor there. Selected bibliography * ''Fonologi Bahasa Nias Utara'' (1958) * ''On Grammatical Categories in Indonesian'' (19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dani People
The Dani (also spelled Ndani) are an ethnic group from the New Guinea Highlands, Central Highlands of Western New Guinea in Baliem Valley, Highland Papua, Indonesia. Around 100,000 people live in the Baliem Valley, consisting of representatives of the Dani tribes in the lower and upper parts of the valley each 20,000 and 50,000 in the middle part (with a total of 90,000 people). The areas west of the Baliem Valley are inhabited by approx 180,000, representatives of the Lani people, incorrectly called "Western Dani". All inhabitants of Baliem Valley and the surrounding areas are often called ''Dani'' hence they are also sometimes conflated with other highland tribes such as Lani in the west; Walak in the north; Nduga people, Nduga, Mek people, Mek, and Yali people, Yali in the south and east. They are one of the most populous tribes in the highlands and are found spread out through the highlands. The Dani are one of the best-known ethnic groups in Papua, due to the relatively nume ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moni People
The Moni (also known as the Migani, the Megani, the Djonggunu, or the Jonggunu) are an indigenous people in the Indonesian Paniai regency (kabupaten) of Central Papua in Western New Guinea. They speak the Moni language. The Moni revere the bondegezou, a large black and white whistling tree kangaroo, as an ancestor. The bondegezou was unknown to the scientific community until the zoologist Tim Flannery described it in 1995. See also *Indigenous people of New Guinea The indigenous peoples of Western New Guinea in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, commonly called Papuans, are Melanesians. There is genetic evidence for two major historical lineages in New Guinea and neighboring islands: a first wave from the Mal ... References Ethnic groups in Indonesia Indigenous ethnic groups in Western New Guinea {{asia-ethno-group-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
