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UDBA
The State Security Service, also known by its original name as the Directorate for State Security, was the secret police organization of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Communist Yugoslavia. It was at all times best known by the acronym UDBA, which is derived from the organization's original name in the Serbo-Croatian language: "''Uprava državne bezbednosti''" ("Directorate for State Security"). The acronyms SDB (Serbian) or SDS (Croatian) were used officially after the organization was renamed into "State Security Service". In its latter decades it was composed of eight semi-independent secret police organizations—one for each of the six Yugoslav federal republics and two for the autonomous provinces—coordinated by the central federal headquarters in the capital of Belgrade. Although it operated with more restraint than secret police agencies in the communist states of Eastern Europe, the UDBA was a feared tool of control. It is alleged that the UDBA was respons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Gvardijan
Operation Gvardijan was a covert action of the Yugoslav Directorate for State Security (UDBA) from 1947 and 1948. It prevented an attempt by Ustasha emigrants to carry out terrorist and diversionary actions in Yugoslavia and unite anti-communist Crusaders in the country, in an uprising against the new authorities. Infiltration of the Ustashas (called Operation April 10April 10 was anniversary of proclamation of Independent State of Croatia) was initiated with the consent of Ante Pavelić (after its failure, he distanced himself from it). The action was led by Božidar Kavran. The first group was arrested on Mount Papuk. UDBA launched Operation Gvardijan to lure the escaped Ustashas by sending false messages, during which a total of 19 Ustasha groups were arrested. The operation ended with Kavran's arrest. The Ustashas were tried in August 1948. Most were sentenced to death, while others were sent to prison. A total of 96 Ustashas were arrested, killed, or executed including f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vjekoslav Luburić
Vjekoslav Luburić (6 March 1914 – 20 April 1969) was a Independent State of Croatia, Croatian Ustaše official who headed the system of concentration camps in the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) during much of World War II. Luburić also personally oversaw and spearheaded the contemporaneous genocides of Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia, Serbs, The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia, Jews and Romani genocide, Roma in the NDH. Luburić joined Ante Pavelić's Ustaše movement in 1931, left Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia the following year and relocated to Hungary. Following the Axis powers, Axis invasion of Yugoslavia and the establishment of the NDH with Pavelić at its head, Luburić returned to the Balkans. In late June 1941, Luburić was dispatched to the Lika region, where he oversaw a series of massacres of Serbs, which served as the ''casus belli'' for the Srb uprising. Around this time, he was appointed head of Bureau III, a depa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bruno Bušić
Ante Bruno Bušić (6 October 1939 – 16 October 1978) was a Croatian writer and critic of the government of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. He was one of the best-known victims of UDBA (Yugoslav secret police) killings. Biography Bušić was born in the village of Vinjani Donji near Imotski. By the time he enrolled into high school in Imotski, he was already involved in activities which communist authorities considered rebellious. In 1957, he joined a group called Tiho (''silently'', lit. - ''quietly'') whose aim was to "fight for freedom, equality and the formation of a free Croatia based on democratic principles". It was at that time that the UDBA (Yugoslav secret police) began watching him. Bušić, along with his schoolmates who had also participated in Tiho, was expelled from school soon after. Two years later, the expelled students were allowed to return to school. Bušić went on to enroll in the University of Zagreb and earned a degree in economics in 1964 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialist Federal Republic Of Yugoslavia
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (commonly abbreviated as SFRY or SFR Yugoslavia), known from 1945 to 1963 as the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia, commonly referred to as Socialist Yugoslavia or simply Yugoslavia, was a country in Central Europe, Central and Southeast Europe. It was established in 1945, following World War II, and lasted until 1992, breakup of Yugoslavia, dissolving amid the onset of the Yugoslav Wars. Spanning an area of in the Balkans, Yugoslavia was bordered by the Adriatic Sea and Italy to the west, Austria and Hungarian People's Republic, Hungary to the north, People's Republic of Bulgaria, Bulgaria and Socialist Republic of Romania, Romania to the east, and People's Socialist Republic of Albania, Albania and Greece to the south. It was a One-party state, one-party socialist state and federation governed by the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, and had six constituent republics: Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Her ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
OZNA
The Department for Protection of the People, commonly known under its Serbo-Croatian acronym as OZNA, was the secret police of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Communist Yugoslavia that existed between 1944 and 1946. Founding The OZNA was founded on May 13, 1944, according to decision of Josip Broz Tito and under the leadership of Aleksandar Ranković (''nom de guerre'' Marko), a top member of the Politburo until his downfall in 1966, and a close associate of Josip Broz Tito. On May 24, 1944, only a day before Operation Rösselsprung (1944), Operation Rösselsprung, Tito signed the Military Courts Regulations (), which in article number 27 stated that the court reaches its decisions whether the accused are guilty or not based on its free evaluation, regardless of the evidence. Based on the investigations performed by the OZNA, the military courts reached their decisions. Function Until the OZNA was established, intelligence and security tasks were carried out by several ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Counterintelligence Service (Yugoslavia)
The Security Directorate, best known by the acronym KOS (which is derived from the organization's original name in the Serbo-Croatian: ''Kontraobaveštajna služba'' - "Counterintelligence Service"), was the security and counterintelligence service of the Yugoslav People's Army that existed from 1946 until the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991. In 1992, the Security Directorate continued its work in Serbia and Montenegro. Founding and structure Counterintelligence Service (KOS) was formed in 1946 as one of the remnants of the Department for Protection of the People (OZNA), with Directorate for State Security (UDBA) forming the second, civilian, component of the new security and intelligence structure of SFR Yugoslavia. In 1955 changed its name to Security Directorate (''Uprava bezbednosti'') and relocated from the General Staff to State Secretariat of People's Defence, later Federal Secretariat of Peoples Defence. Activities Most information is still scant due to its classifi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Božidar Kavran
Božidar Kavran (1913–1948) was a member of the Croatian World War II Ustaše regime. Kavran was born in Zagreb on 22 September 1913. He served as leader of the Ustaše from May 1943 onwards. He attempted to organize a rebellion against the Communist Communism () is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered on common ownership of the means of production, di ... Yugoslav government in the post-war years. He led a group of exiled Croatian fighters into the country on 4 July 1948. They called this ''Operation April 10''. However, he was captured by the UDBA in Operation Gvardijan and hanged in 1948. References Bibliography * 1913 births 1948 deaths Military personnel from Zagreb Executed Croatian collaborators with Fascist Italy Executed Croatian collaborators with Nazi Germany Croatian neo-fascists Ustaše members People ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleksandar Ranković
Aleksandar Ranković (nom de guerre Marko, nicknamed Leka; sr-Cyrl, Александар Ранковић Лека; 28 November 1909 – 19 August 1983) was a Serbian and Yugoslav communist politician, considered to be the third most powerful man in Yugoslavia after Josip Broz Tito and Edvard Kardelj. Ranković was a proponent of a centralized Yugoslavia and opposed efforts that promoted decentralization that he deemed to be against the interests of the Serbian people;Melissa Katherine Bokovoy, Jill A. Irvine, Carol S. Lilly. State-society relations in Yugoslavia, 1945–1992. Scranton, Pennsylvania, US: Palgrave Macmillan, 1997, p. 295. he ensured Serbs had a strong presence in Serbia's Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo's nomenklatura. Ranković cautioned against separatist forces in Kosovo who were commonly suspected of pursuing seditious activities.Independent International Commission on Kosovo. ''The Kosovo report: conflict, international response, lessons learned'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ustaše
The Ustaše (), also known by anglicised versions Ustasha or Ustashe, was a Croats, Croatian fascist and ultranationalist organization active, as one organization, between 1929 and 1945, formally known as the Ustaša – Croatian Revolutionary Movement (). From its inception and before the World War II, Second World War, the organization engaged in a series of terrorist activities against the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, including collaborating with Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization, IMRO to assassinate King Alexander I of Yugoslavia#Assassination of Alexander I, Alexander I of Yugoslavia in 1934.The Assassination of Europe, 1918-1942: A Political History, Howard M. Sachar, University of Toronto Press, 2014, , pp. 251–258. During World War II in Yugoslavia, the Ustaše went on to perpetrate The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia, the Holocaust and genocide against its Jews, Jewish, Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia, Serb and Romani Holoca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collectivism And Individualism
In sociology, a social organization is a pattern of relationships between and among individuals and groups. Characteristics of social organization can include qualities such as sexual composition, spatiotemporal cohesion, leadership, structure, division of labor, communication systems, and so on. Because of these characteristics of social organization, people can monitor their everyday work and involvement in other activities that are controlled forms of human interaction. These interactions include: affiliation, collective resources, substitutability of individuals and recorded control. These interactions come together to constitute common features in basic social units such as family, enterprises, clubs, states, etc. These are social organizations. Common examples of modern social organizations are government agencies, NGOs, and corporations. Elements Social organizations happen in everyday life. Many people belong to various social structures—institutional and info ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Croatian Spring
The Croatian Spring (), or Maspok, was a political conflict that took place from 1967 to 1971 in the Socialist Republic of Croatia, at the time part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. As one of six republics comprising Yugoslavia at the time, Croatia was ruled by the League of Communists of Croatia (SKH), nominally independent from the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (SKJ), led by President Josip Broz Tito. The 1960s in Yugoslavia were marked by a series of reforms aimed at improving the economic situation in the country and increasingly politicised efforts by the leadership of the republics to protect the economic interests of their respective republics. As part of this, political conflict occurred in Croatia when reformers within the SKH, generally aligned with the Croatian cultural society , came into conflict with conservatives. In the late 1960s, a variety of grievances were aired through , which were adopted in the early 1970s by a reformist faction of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
