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Trio Sonata
The trio sonata is a genre, typically consisting of several movements, with two melody instruments and basso continuo. Originating in the early 17th century, the trio sonata was a favorite chamber ensemble combination in the Baroque era. Basic structure The trio sonata typically consisted of three parts, two violins and (basso) continuo. However, the two violins could be substituted with pairs of flutes, recorders, oboes, or violin and viola da gamba. The third part, the continuo, has two components. First, it includes the bass line, which commonly was played by a bass viol, violone, violoncello, or bassoon. Second, it includes a harmony-producing instrument, such as a small organ, a harpsichord, or a theorbo. The continuo could be performed by two or more performers; a cellist to play the bass line and a harpsichordist or organist to focus on the harmonies. Because there normally are two people playing the continuo part, there are usually four players in all. This accounts for the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basso Continuo
Basso continuo parts, almost universal in the Baroque era (1600–1750), provided the harmonic structure of the music by supplying a bassline and a chord progression. The phrase is often shortened to continuo, and the instrumentalists playing the continuo part are called the ''continuo group''. Forces The composition of the continuo group is often left to the discretion of the performers (or, for a large performance, the conductor), and practice varied enormously within the Baroque period. At least one instrument capable of playing chords must be included, such as a harpsichord, organ, lute, theorbo, guitar, regal, or harp. In addition, any number of instruments that play in the bass register may be included, such as cello, double bass, bass viol, or bassoon. In modern performances of chamber works, the most common combination is harpsichord and cello for instrumental works and secular vocal works, such as operas, and organ and cello for sacred music. A double bass may ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christina, Queen Of Sweden
Christina ( sv, Kristina, 18 December (New Style) 1626 – 19 April 1689), a member of the House of Vasa, was Queen of Sweden in her own right from 1632 until her abdication in 1654. She succeeded her father Gustavus Adolphus upon his death at the Battle of Lützen in 1632, but began ruling the Swedish Empire when she reached the age of eighteen in 1644. The Swedish queen is remembered as one of the most learned women of the 17th century. She was fond of books, manuscripts, paintings, and sculptures. With her interest in religion, philosophy, mathematics, and alchemy, she attracted many scientists to Stockholm, wanting the city to become the "Athens of the North". The Peace of Westphalia allowed her to establish an academy or university when and wherever she wanted. In 1644, she began issuing copper in lumps as large as fifteen kilograms to serve as currency. Christina's financial extravagance brought the state to the verge of bankruptcy, and the financial difficulties caus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
C major
C major (or the key of C) is a major scale based on C, consisting of the pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. C major is one of the most common keys used in music. Its key signature has no flats or sharps. Its relative minor is A minor and its parallel minor is C minor. The C major scale is: : On the piano, the C major scale can be played by playing only the white keys starting on C. Compositions Twenty of Joseph Haydn's 106 symphonies are in C major, making it his second most-used key, second to D major. Of the 134 symphonies mistakenly attributed to Haydn that H. C. Robbins Landon lists in his catalog, 33 are in C major, more than any other key. Before the invention of the valves, Haydn did not write trumpet and timpani parts in his symphonies, except those in C major. Landon writes that it wasn't "until 1774 that Haydn uses trumpets and timpani in a key other than C major... and then only sparingly." Most of Haydn's symphonies in C major are labelled "festive" and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sonata In G Major For Two Flutes And Basso Continuo, BWV 1039
The Sonata in G major for two flutes and basso continuo, BWV 1039, is a trio sonata by Johann Sebastian Bach. It is a version, for a different instrumentation, of the Gamba Sonata, BWV 1027. The first, second and fourth movement of these sonatas also exist as a trio sonata for organ. Historical context This sonata, scored for two transverse flutes and continuo, is one of the few trio sonatas that can genuinely be attributed to Bach. Although traditionally thought to have been composed during Bach's period in Weimar or Cöthen, Bach scholars have revised that dating based on an analysis of the extant manuscripts and on stylistic considerations. According to , the trio sonata was composed between 1736 and 1741 in Leipzig, where, since 1729, Bach had been director of the Collegium Musicum, a chamber music society performing weekly at the Café Zimmermann. The version for viola da gamba and harpsichord, BWV 1027, as well as the other two sonatas for this ens ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BWV 1033
The Sonata in C major for flute and basso continuo (BWV 1033) is a sonata in 4 movements. It is attributed to Johann Sebastian Bach in the manuscript, which is in the hand of his son Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach and has been dated to about 1731, although scholars question the attribution Jeanne Swack, "Flute Sonatas and Partitas," an entry in ''The Oxford Composer Companion: J. S. Bach'', edited by Malcolm Boyd and John Butt, Oxford University Press, 1999, p. 175 The movements are: * ''Andante – Presto'' * ''Allegro'' * ''Adagio'' * ''Menuet 1 – Menuet 2'' Jeanne Swack notes that the first menuet "is related to the first in a set of variations in a concerto for oboe, obligato cembalo and doubling cello by the Merseburg composer Christoph Förster"; this suggests that the movements of BWV 1033 "may have had a disparate origin, as does the sudden appearance of an obbligato cembalo part solely for that movement." The basso continuo can be provided by a variety of instruments. For ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BWV 1031
The Sonata in E major for flute and harpsichord, probably by J. S. Bach (BWV 1031), is a sonata in 3 movements: * ''Allegro moderato'' (in E major) * ''Siciliano'' (in G minor) – unusually, this movement is in the mediant minor key (the relative minor of the dominant key) * ''Allegro'' (in E major) The Bach scholar Robert Marshall has argued that the sonata was composed by J. S. Bach, since it was attributed to him by two independent sources, Bach's son Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach in the manuscript copy of the work in his handwriting, and Christian Friedrich Penzel, Bach's last pupil. The musicologist Jeanne Swack has suggested alternatively that BWV 1031 was "modelled" on a previous work for flute in E-flat by Johann Joachim Quantz (QV2:18 in the Augsbach catalog), which survives in a version for flute and obbligato harpsichord and in another version for flute, violin, and continuo. The similarities she cites are based primarily on structural and compositional considerations, as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BWV 1032
The Sonata in A major for transverse flute and harpsichord by Johann Sebastian Bach (BWV 1032) is a sonata in 3 movements: * Movement 1: Vivace (in A major) * Movement 2: Largo e dolce (in A minor, ending with an imperfect cadence) * Movement 3: Allegro (in A major) Unusually, the second movement is written in the parallel minor (A minor), rather than the relative minor (F-sharp minor) or another closely related key. The autograph is incomplete, and there are 46 bars missing. There exist reconstructions by various authors. See also * Concerto, BWV 525a (middle movement) References Sources * External links Flute Sonata in A major, BWV 1032 performance by the Netherlands Bach Society The Netherlands Bach Society ( nl, Nederlandse Bachvereniging) is the oldest ensemble for Baroque music in the Netherlands, and possibly in the world. The ensemble was founded in 1921 in Naarden to perform Johann Sebastian Bach, Bach's ''St Matthew ... (video and background information) * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
