Trap-lining

picture info	Trap-lining In ethology and behavioral ecology, trap-lining or traplining is a feeding strategy in which an individual visits food sources on a regular, repeatable sequence, much as trappers check their lines of traps. Traplining is usually seen in species foraging for floral resources. This involves a specified route in which the individual traverses in the same order repeatedly to check specific plants for flowers that hold nectar, even over long distances. Trap-lining has been described in several taxa, including bees, butterflies, tamarins, bats, rats, and hummingbirds and tropical fruit-eating mammals such as opossums, capuchins and kinkajous. Traplining is used to term the method in which bumblebees and hummingbirds go about collecting nectar, and consequently, pollinating each plant they visit. The term "traplining" was originally coined by Daniel Janzen, although the concept was discussed by Charles Darwin and Nikolaas Tinbergen. Behavioral response In the instance of hummingbirds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Long-billed Hermit The long-billed hermit (''Phaethornis longirostris'') is a bird in the family Trochilidae, the hummingbirds. It is found from central Mexico south through Central America, Colombia and Ecuador into Peru. Taxonomy and systematics It has often been considered conspecific with what is now the long-tailed hermit, ''P. superciliosus'', which is found east of the Andes. The two populations were called the western and eastern long-tailed hermits; the "eastern" was dropped after the split into two species and the renaming of the western population.Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 August 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved August 24, 2021 The South American Classification Committee (SACC) of the American Ornithological Society, the Internatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Euglossa Imperialis ''Euglossa imperialis'' is a bee species in the family Apidae. It is considered to be one of the most important pollinators to many Neotropical orchid species in mainland tropical America. It is also one of the most common non-parasitic euglossine species in lowland Panama.Ackerman, James D., et al.Food-foraging behavior of male Euglossini (Hymenoptera: Apidae): vagabonds or trapliners?" Biotropica (1982): 241-248. ''E. imperialis'', unlike many other bee species, is not a social bee in the sense that there is no apparent morphological or physiological division within the species to distinguish individual bees to be part of a worker or reproductive caste.Roberts, R. B., and Calaway H. Dodson.Nesting biology of two communal bees, Euglossa imperialis and Euglossa ignita (Hymenoptera: Apidae), including description of larvae" Annals of the Entomological Society of America 60.5 (1967): 1007-1014. Taxonomy and phylogenetics ''Euglossa imperialis'' is a bee species of the Euglossini t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Phaethornis Longirostris Baroni '' Phaethornis '' is a genus of hummingbirds in the hermit subfamily, Phaethornithinae. They occur from southern Mexico, through Central America, to South America as far south as northern Argentina. Description and ecology Their plumage typically involves greens, browns, rufous or grey. Most species show some green or bronze iridescence to the upperparts, but this is far less conspicuous than that of many other hummingbirds. The male and female plumages of hermits are very similar, with differences limited to details of bill-shape, tail-shape and/or strength of colours/patterns. No species of hermit show the strong sexual dimorphism usually associated with hummingbirds. ''Phaethornis'' hermits typically have a long decurved bill, although three species, ''P. koepkeae'', ''P. philippii'' and ''P. bourcieri'' have virtually straight bills. They have a red or yellow base to the lower mandible, and their two central tail feathers are elongated and tipped with white, buff or ochr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]