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Toyota Land Cruiser 70 Series
The 70 Series is a family of Toyota Land Cruiser models produced since 1984. It replaced the 25-year-old 40 Series as the off-road model of the Land Cruiser lineup, while the contemporary 60 Series developed into more comfortable luxury SUVs starting with the 80 Series. Despite major changes in styling and numerous technological updates, the 70 Series was designed to retain the off-road capabilities and durability associated with the 40 Series. The 70 Series is marketed throughout the world, except for countries like India, the United States, Mexico, Brazil and Korea where they were imported and put into commercial or private use. As a celebration of the Land Cruiser 70's 30th anniversary, Toyota temporarily marketed the Land Cruiser 70 series in the Japanese market for 12 months. Model designations Originally, model numbers 70 through 74 referred to the two-door short- and medium-wheelbase versions. These were the successors of the 40 Series, such as the FJ40. Model numbers 7 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toyota
is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi, Japan. It was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda and incorporated on . Toyota is one of the largest automobile manufacturers in the world, producing about 10 million vehicles per year. The company was originally founded as a spinoff of Toyota Industries, a machine maker started by Sakichi Toyoda, Kiichiro's father. Both companies are now part of the Toyota Group, one of the largest conglomerates in the world. While still a department of Toyota Industries, the company developed its first product, the Type A engine in 1934 and its first passenger car in 1936, the Toyota AA. After World War II, Toyota benefited from Japan's alliance with the United States to learn from American automakers and other companies, which would give rise to The Toyota Way (a management philosophy) and the Toyota Production System (a lean manufacturing practice) that would transform the small company into a leader in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petrol Engine
A petrol engine (gasoline engine in American English) is an internal combustion engine designed to run on petrol (gasoline). Petrol engines can often be adapted to also run on fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas and ethanol blends (such as ''E10'' and ''E85''). Most petrol engines use spark ignition, unlike diesel engines which typically use compression ignition. Another key difference to diesel engines is that petrol engines typically have a lower compression ratio. Design Thermodynamic cycle Most petrol engines use either the four-stroke Otto cycle or the two-stroke cycle. Petrol engines have also been produced using the Miller cycle and Atkinson cycle. Layout Most petrol-powered piston engines are straight engines or V engines. However, flat engines, W engines and other layouts are sometimes used. Wankel engines are classified by the number of rotors used. Compression ratio Cooling Petrol engines are either air-cooled or water-cooled. Ignition Petrol e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Locking Differential
A locking differential is a mechanical component, commonly used in vehicles, designed to overcome the chief limitation of a standard open differential by essentially "locking" both wheels on an axle together as if on a common shaft. This forces both wheels to turn in unison, regardless of the traction (or lack thereof) available to either wheel individually. When the differential is unlocked (open differential), it allows each wheel to rotate at different speeds (such as when negotiating a turn), thus avoiding tire scuffing. An open (or unlocked) differential always provides the same torque (rotational force) to each of the two wheels on that axle. Therefore, although the wheels can rotate at different speeds, they apply the same rotational force, even if one is entirely stationary, and the other spinning. (Equal torque, unequal rotational speed). By contrast, a locked differential forces both left and right wheels on the same axle to rotate at the same speed under nearly all ci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
V8 Engine
A V8 engine is an eight-cylinder piston engine in which two banks of four cylinders share a common crankshaft and are arranged in a V configuration. The first V8 engine was produced by the French Antoinette company in 1904, developed and used in cars and speedboats but primarily aircraft; while the American 1914–1935 ''Cadillac L-Head'' engine is considered the first road going V8 engine to be mass produced in significant quantities. The popularity of V8 engines in cars was greatly increased following the 1932 introduction of the ''Ford Flathead V8''. In the early 21st century, use of V8 engines in passenger vehicles declined as automobile manufacturers opted for more fuel efficient, lower capacity engines, or hybrid and electric drivetrains. Design V-angle The majority of V8 engines use a V-angle (the angle between the two banks of cylinders) of 90 degrees. This angle results in good engine balance, which results in low vibrations; however, the downside is a larg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Straight-6
The straight-six engine (also referred to as an inline-six engine; abbreviated I6 or L6) is a piston engine with six cylinders arranged in a straight line along the crankshaft. A straight-six engine has perfect primary and secondary engine balance, resulting in fewer vibrations than other designs of six or less cylinders. Until the mid-20th century, the straight-six layout was the most common design for engines with six cylinders. However, V6 engines became more common from the 1960s and by the 2000s most straight-six engines had been replaced by V6 engines. An exception to this trend is BMW which has produced automotive straight-six engines from 1933 to the present day. Characteristics In terms of packaging, straight-six engines are almost always narrower than a V6 engine or V8 engine, but longer than straight-four engines, V6s, and most V8s. Straight-six engines are typically produced in displacements ranging from , however engines ranging in size from the Benelli 750 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Army
The French Army, officially known as the Land Army (french: Armée de Terre, ), is the land-based and largest component of the French Armed Forces. It is responsible to the Government of France, along with the other components of the Armed Forces. The current Chief of Staff of the French Army (CEMAT) is General , a direct subordinate of the Chief of the Defence Staff (CEMA). General Schill is also responsible to the Ministry of the Armed Forces for organization, preparation, use of forces, as well as planning and programming, equipment and Army future acquisitions. For active service, Army units are placed under the authority of the Chief of the Defence Staff (CEMA), who is responsible to the President of France for planning for, and use of forces. All French soldiers are considered professionals, following the suspension of French military conscription, voted in parliament in 1997 and made effective in 2001. , the French Army employed 118,600 personnel (including the Fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uganda Wildlife Authority
The Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) is a semi-autonomous Ugandan government agency that aims to conserve, manage and regulate Uganda’s wildlife. "UWA is mandated to ensure sustainable management of wildlife resources and supervise wildlife activities in Uganda, both within and outside the protected areas". As of April 2020, UWA manages ten national parks, twelve wildlife reserves, and fourteen wildlife sanctuaries. UWA also provides guidance for five community wildlife areas. It is governed by a board of trustees appointed by the Minister of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities, currently Tom Butime. Location The headquarters of UWA are located at Plot. 7, Kira Road, in the neighborhood called Kamwookya, in the Central Division of the city of Kampala, Uganda's capital. The UWA headquarters building is sandwiched between the Uganda Museum to the west and the British High Commission to the east, along Kira Road. The geographical coordinates of this location are:0°20'10.0"N, 32°3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toyota GR Engine
The Toyota GR engine family is a gasoline, open-deck, piston V6 engine series. The GR series has a 60° die-cast aluminium block and aluminium DOHC cylinder heads. This engine series also features 4 valves per cylinder, forged steel connecting rods and crankshaft, one-piece cast camshafts, and a cast aluminium lower intake manifold. Some variants use multi-port fuel injection, some have D4 direct injection, and others have a combination of direct injection and multi-port fuel injection or D4-S. The GR series replaces the previous MZ V6 and JZ inline-6, and in the case of light trucks the VZ V6. ''Note: Power ratings have changed due to SAE measurement changes for 2006 model year vehicles. Toyota rates engines on 87 pump octane, Lexus rates engines on 91 pump octane.'' 1GR 1GR-FE The 1GR-FE is the version, designed for longitudinal mounting in RWD and 4WD pickup applications. It has a bore and a stroke of . Output is at 5200 rpm with of torque at 4000 rpm w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toyota FZ Engine
The Toyota FZ engine was a 24-valve, DOHC straight-6 internal combustion engine manufactured by Toyota to replace the F-series engine. It was used primarily in SUVs because of its large displacement, smoothness, ruggedness and torque. Technical data The engine displaced with a bore and stroke measuring , respectively and a 9.0:1 compression ratio; the head used Toyota's narrow-angle overhead camshafts for better fuel economy. The 1FZ had only two variants available: the 1FZ-F and the 1FZ-FE. The only significant difference between the two was the inclusion of electronic fuel injection on the 1FZ-FE, whereas the 1FZ-F used a carburetor. The 1FZ-F produced at 4400 rpm and at 2800 rpm; its fuel injected counterpart produced at 4600 rpm and at 3200 rpm. Starting in 1998, the fuel injected version (1FZ-FE) was updated in certain non- US markets. This version of the engine received many updates over the previous version such as a redesigned head, more compact pistons, updated t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toyota HZ Engine
The Toyota 1HZ is an engine developed by Toyota Motor Corporation for the Toyota Land Cruiser and the Toyota Coaster Bus of 1990. It replaced the previous (2H) heavy duty engine which was being used in older Toyota Land Cruiser models. This engine generates more power and torque than previous diesel Toyota Land Cruiser engine. Despite being 30 years old, the 1HZ still sees use in Landcruiser 70 Series production worldwide with the exception of petrol-only markets and Euro 4 and Australian markets, where the 1GR-FE and 1VD-FTV Turbo-Diesel is supplied respectively. A popular engine in the 80 series Land Cruiser, it replaced the 2H engine in the 80/85 series by 1990. The 1HZ Toyota Landcruiser 4.2 litre (4164 cc) diesel inline 6-cylinder 12-valve SOHC (overhead camshaft) is of the IDI or indirect injection design, and delivers maximum power of 96 kW (129 hp) at 3800 rpm and maximum torque of at 2200 rpm. The 5-cylinder variant of this engine is known as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toyota VD Engine
The Toyota VD engine is a family of V8 engine, V8 diesel engines produced by Toyota. 1VD-FTV The ''1VD-FTV'' the only member in the VD engine family. It is a 32-valve DOHC engine, with common rail fuel injection and either one or two variable-geometry turbochargers. Vehicles and Availability The single-turbo variant of this engine was first used in Australia commencing 2007, fitted to the 70-series Toyota Land Cruiser, Land Cruiser range. The engine is available in Australia, New Zealand, Pakistan, India, Southern Africa, Central and South America. The twin-turbo variant saw its first use in September 2007 fitted to the 200-series Toyota Land Cruiser, Land Cruiser wagon, which is available in various worldwide markets. Yanmar also marinized the twin-turbo variant of this engine as 8LV. Specifications *Designation: 1VD-FTV *Maximum power: ''Single turbo Non Intercooled:'' @ 3200 rpm; ''Single turbo:'' @ 3400 rpm; ''Twin turbo:'' at 3400 rpm for on-highway vehicle, and at 380 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Emission Standards
The European emission standards are vehicle emission standards for pollution from the use of new land surface vehicles sold in the European Union and EEA member states and the UK, and ships in EU waters. The standards are defined in a series of European Union directives staging the progressive introduction of increasingly stringent standards. , the standards do not include non-exhaust emissions such as particulates from tyres and brakes. Details of Euro 7 have been postponed to 12 October 2022. Background In the European Union, emissions of nitrogen oxides (), total hydrocarbon (THC), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM) are regulated for most vehicle types, including cars, trucks (lorries), locomotives, tractors and similar machinery, barges, but excluding seagoing ships and aeroplanes. For each vehicle type, different standards apply. Compliance is determined by running the engine at a standardised test cycle. Non-co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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