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TX-2
The MIT Lincoln Laboratory TX-2 computer was the successor to the Lincoln TX-0 and was known for its role in advancing both artificial intelligence and human–computer interaction. Wesley A. Clark was the chief architect of the TX-2. Specifications The TX-2 was a transistor-based computer using the then-huge amount of 64 K 36-bit words of magnetic-core memory. The TX-2 became operational in 1958. Because of its powerful capabilities, Ivan Sutherland's revolutionary Sketchpad program was developed for and ran on the TX-2. One of its key features was the ability to directly interact with the computer through a graphical display. The compiler was developed by Lawrence Roberts while he was studying at the MIT Lincoln Laboratory. Relationship with DEC Digital Equipment Corporation was a spin-off of the TX-0 and TX-2 projects. The TX-2 Tape System was a block addressable 1/2" tape developed for the TX-2 by Tom Stockebrand which evolved into LINCtape and DECtape. Role in c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sketchpad
Sketchpad (a.k.a. Robot Draftsman) is a computer program written by Ivan Sutherland in 1963 in the course of his PhD thesis, for which he received the Turing Award in 1988, and the Kyoto Prize in 2012. It pioneered human–computer interaction (HCI), and is considered the ancestor of modern computer-aided design (CAD) programs as well as a major breakthrough in the development of computer graphics in general. For example, the graphical user interface (GUI) was derived from Sketchpad as well as modern object-oriented programming. Using the program, Ivan Sutherland showed that computer graphics could be used for both artistic and technical purposes in addition to demonstrating a novel method of human–computer interaction. History Sutherland was inspired by the Memex from "As We May Think" by Vannevar Bush. Sketchpad inspired Douglas Engelbart to design and develop oN-Line System at the Augmentation Research Center (ARC) at the Stanford Research Institute (SRI) during the 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TX-0
The TX-0, for ''Transistorized Experimental computer zero'', but affectionately referred to as tixo (pronounced "tix oh"), was an early fully transistorized computer and contained a then-huge 64 K of 18-bit words of magnetic-core memory. Construction of the TX-0 began in 1955 and ended in 1956.Highlights from ''The Computer Museum Report'' Volume 8 Spring 1984 The Computer Museum, Boston, MA, archived at ed-thelen.org, retrieved 2010-2-19 It was used continually through the 1960s at . The TX-0 incorpo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DECtape
DECtape, originally called Microtape, is a magnetic tape data storage medium used with many Digital Equipment Corporation computers, including the PDP-6, PDP-8, LINC-8, PDP-9, PDP-10, PDP-11, PDP-12, and the PDP-15. On DEC's 32-bit systems, VAX/VMS support for it was implemented but did not become an official part of the product lineup. DECtapes are 3/4 inch (19 mm) wide, and formatted into blocks of data that can each be read or written individually. Each tape stores 184K 12-bit PDP-8 words or 144K 18-bit words. Block size is 128 12-bit words (for the 12-bit machines), or 256 18-bit words for the other machines (16, 18, 32, or 36 bit systems). From a programming point of view, because the system is block-oriented and allows random seeking, DECtape behaves like a very slow disk drive. Origins DECtape has its origin in the LINCtape tape system, which was originally designed by Wesley Clark at the MIT Lincoln Laboratory as an integral part of the LINC computer. There a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LINCtape
DECtape, originally called Microtape, is a magnetic tape data storage medium used with many Digital Equipment Corporation computers, including the PDP-6, PDP-8, LINC-8, PDP-9, PDP-10, PDP-11, PDP-12, and the PDP-15. On DEC's 32-bit systems, OpenVMS, VAX/VMS support for it was implemented but did not become an official part of the product lineup. DECtapes are 3/4 inch (19 mm) wide, and formatted into blocks of data that can each be read or written individually. Each tape stores 184K 12-bit computing, 12-bit PDP-8 words or 144K 18-bit computing, 18-bit words. Block (data storage), Block size is 128 12-bit words (for the 12-bit machines), or 256 18-bit words for the other machines (16, 18, 32, or 36 bit systems). From a programming point of view, because the system is block-oriented and allows random seeking, DECtape behaves like a very slow disk drive. Origins DECtape has its origin in the LINCtape tape system, which was originally designed by Wesley A. Clark, Wesley Clark at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Digital Equipment Corporation
Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC ), using the trademark Digital, was a major American company in the computer industry from the 1960s to the 1990s. The company was co-founded by Ken Olsen and Harlan Anderson in 1957. Olsen was president until forced to resign in 1992, after the company had gone into precipitous decline. The company produced many different product lines over its history. It is best known for the work in the minicomputer market starting in the mid-1960s. The company produced a series of machines known as the PDP line, with the PDP-8 and PDP-11 being among the most successful minis in history. Their success was only surpassed by another DEC product, the late-1970s VAX "supermini" systems that were designed to replace the PDP-11. Although a number of competitors had successfully competed with Digital through the 1970s, the VAX cemented the company's place as a leading vendor in the computer space. As microcomputers improved in the late 1980s, especially w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TX-2 Tape System
The TX-2 Tape System was a magnetic tape data storage technology from the late 1950s.R. L. Best and T. C. Stockerbrand, A Computer-Integrated Rapid Access Magnetic Tape System with Fixed AddressProceedings of the Western Joint Computer Conference: Contrasts in Computers May 6-8, 1958; pages 42-46. It is the direct ancestor of LINCtape, used on the LINC laboratory computer. The tape transports used in the system were made as simple and fool-proof as possible, consisting of a read-write head assembly, two reel drive motors, and a tape guide. The tape system used 10 tracks across a tape on reels. Maximum reel speed was 920 inches per second (23.4 metres per second). The system used digital speed control based on a clock track on the tape. The 10-track head assembly contains five channels; three information, one timing, and one block mark. Each channel consists of two redundantly paired tracks, and the paired tracks are nonadjacent to minimize the effect of contamination on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
36-bit Computing
36-bit computers were popular in the early mainframe computer era from the 1950s through the early 1970s. Starting in the 1960s, but especially the 1970s, the introduction of 7-bit ASCII and 8-bit EBCDIC led to the move to machines using 8-bit bytes, with word sizes that were multiples of 8, notably the 32-bit IBM System/360 mainframe and Digital Equipment VAX and Data General MV series superminicomputers. By the mid-1970s the conversion was largely complete, and microprocessors quickly moved from 8-bit to 16-bit to 32-bit over a period of a decade. The number of 36-bit machines rapidly fell during this period, offered largely for backward compatibility purposes running legacy programs. History Prior to the introduction of computers, the state of the art in precision scientific and engineering calculation was the ten-digit, electrically powered, mechanical calculator, such as those manufactured by Friden, Marchant and Monroe. These calculators had a column of keys for each ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Sutherland
Ivan Edward Sutherland (born May 16, 1938) is an American computer scientist and Internet pioneer, widely regarded as a pioneer of computer graphics. His early work in computer graphics as well as his teaching with David C. Evans in that subject at the University of Utah in the 1970s was pioneering in the field. Sutherland, Evans, and their students from that era developed several foundations of modern computer graphics. He received the Turing Award from the Association for Computing Machinery in 1988 for the invention of Sketchpad, an early predecessor to the sort of graphical user interface that has become ubiquitous in personal computers. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, as well as the National Academy of Sciences among many other major awards. In 2012 he was awarded the Kyoto Prize in Advanced Technology for "pioneering achievements in the development of computer graphics and interactive interfaces". Biography Sutherland's father was from New Zeal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lincoln Laboratory
The MIT Lincoln Laboratory, located in Lexington, Massachusetts, is a United States Department of Defense federally funded research and development center chartered to apply advanced technology to problems of national security. Research and development activities focus on long-term technology development as well as rapid system prototyping and demonstration. Its core competencies are in sensors, integrated sensing, signal processing for information extraction, decision-making support, and communications. These efforts are aligned within ten mission areas. The laboratory also maintains several field sites around the world. The laboratory transfers much of its advanced technology to government agencies, industry, and academia, and has launched more than 100 start-ups. History Origins At the urging of the United States Air Force, the Lincoln Laboratory was created in 1951 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) as part of an effort to improve the U.S. air defense syst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
One-of-a-kind Computers
One of a Kind may refer to: Film and television * ''One of a Kind'' (film), a 2013 French film * ''One of a Kind'' (game show), a 1958–1959 Canadian panel show * ''One of a Kind'' (TV series), a 1978 Canadian children's series * "One of a Kind" (''Brandy & Mr. Whiskers''), a television episode * "One of a Kind" (''Danny Phantom''), a television episode Music Albums * ''One of a Kind'' (Bruford album) or the title song, 1979 * ''One of a Kind'' (Dave Grusin album), 1977 * ''One of a Kind'' (Moe Bandy album) or the title song, 1979 * ''One of a Kind'' (Pandora album) or the title song (see below), 1993 * ''One of a Kind'' (Tammy Wynette album) or the title song (see below), 1977 * ''One of a Kind'' (G-Dragon EP) or the title song (see below), 2012 * ''One of a Kind'' (Monsta X EP), 2021 * ''One of a Kind'', by Della Reese, 1978 * ''One of a Kind'', by Orleans, or the title song, 1982 Songs * "One of a Kind" (G-Dragon song), 2012 * "One of a Kind" (Pandora song), 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leonard Kleinrock
Leonard Kleinrock (born June 13, 1934) is an American computer scientist and a long-tenured professor at UCLA's Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science. In the early 1960s, Kleinrock pioneered the application of queueing theory to model delays in message switching networks in his Ph.D. thesis, published as a book in 1964. He later published several of the standard works on the subject. In the early 1970s, he applied queueing theory to model the performance of packet switching networks. This work played an influential role in the development of the ARPANET, the precursor to the Internet. He supervised many graduate students who worked on the communication protocols for internetworking which led to the Internet. His theoretical work on hierarchical routing in the late 1970s with student Farouk Kamoun remains critical to the operation of the Internet today. Education and career Leonard Kleinrock was born in New York City on June 13, 1934, to a Jewish family, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Research Spin-off
A research spin-off is a company that falls into at least one of the four following categories: #Companies that have an Equity investment from a national library or university #Companies that license technology from a public research institute or university #Companies that consider a university or public sector employee to have been a founder #Companies that have been established directly by a public research institution The two main research spin-off models in Russia are those developed from the Institutes of the Academy of Science and Svetlana. QinetiQ is an example of a research spin-off in the United Kingdom. See also * Government spin-off, civilian goods which are the result of military or governmental research ** NASA spin-off, a spin-off of technology that has been commercialized through NASA funding, research, licensing, facilities, or assistance * University spin-off, a company founded on the findings of a member or by members of a research group at a university Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
