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Typification
Typification is a process of creating standard (''typical'') social construction based on standard assumptions. Discrimination based on typification is called typism. See also * Ideal type * Normal type * Typology References External linksTypification at Sociology Index Sociological terminology {{socio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Normal Type
Normal type (in German: ''Normaltyp'') is a typological term in sociology coined by the German sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies (1855–1936). It can be considered both as a forerunner of, and a challenge to, the rather better known concept of Max Weber Maximilian Carl Emil Weber (; ; 21 April 186414 June 1920) was a German Sociology, sociologist, historian, jurist, and political economy, political economist who was one of the central figures in the development of sociology and the social sc ...’s: the ideal type (in German ''Idealtyp''). Tönnies’ distinctions Tönnies drew a sharp line between the realm of conceptualization (of sociological terms, including ‘normal types’) and the realm of reality (of social action). The first must be treated axiomatically and in a deductive way (pure sociology); the second, empirically and in an inductive way (applied sociology). Following Tönnies, reality (the second realm) cannot be explained without concepts, which belong ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Typology (other)
A typology is a system of classification used to organize things according to similar or dissimilar characteristics. Groups of things within a typology are known as "types". Typologies are distinct from taxonomies in that they primarily address things not categorizable based on empirical and objective characteristics, such as abstract and conceptual ideas or subjective criteria, though the two terms are sometimes used interchangeably. The earliest evidence for the use of typology as a noun in the English language dates to the 1850s when it was invoked by William Maxwell Hetherington. See also * Typology (anthropology), human anatomical categorization based on morphological traits * Typology (archaeology), classification of artefacts according to their characteristics * Building typology, relating to buildings and architecture * Farm typology, farm classification by the USDA * Typology of Greek vase shapes, classification of Greek vases * Johnson's Typology, a classification of in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Construction
Social constructionism is a term used in sociology, social ontology, and communication theory. The term can serve somewhat different functions in each field; however, the foundation of this theoretical framework suggests various facets of social reality—such as concepts, beliefs, norms, and values—are formed through continuous interactions and negotiations among society's members, rather than empirical observation of physical reality. The theory of social constructionism posits that much of what individuals perceive as 'reality' is actually the outcome of a dynamic process of construction influenced by social conventions and structures. Unlike phenomena that are innately determined or biologically predetermined, these social constructs are collectively formulated, sustained, and shaped by the social contexts in which they exist. These constructs significantly impact both the behavior and perceptions of individuals, often being internalized based on cultural narrativ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ideal Type
Ideal type (), also known as pure type, is a typological term most closely associated with the sociologist Max Weber (1864–1920). For Weber, the conduct of social science depends upon the construction of abstract, hypothetical concepts. The "ideal type" is therefore a subjective element in social theory and research, and one of the subjective elements distinguishing sociology from natural science. Meaning An ideal type is formed from characteristics and elements of the given phenomena, but it is not meant to correspond to all of the characteristics of any one particular case. It is not meant to refer to perfect things, moral ideals nor to statistical averages but rather to stress certain elements common to most cases of the given phenomenon. In using the word "ideal," Max Weber refers to the world of ideas (, "mental images") and not to perfection; these "ideal types" are idea-constructs that help put the seeming chaos of social reality in order. Weber wrote: "An ideal type ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
