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Turkmen SSR
The Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic, also known as Soviet Turkmenistan, the Turkmen SSR, TuSSR, Turkmenistan, or Turkmenia, was one of the Republics of the Soviet Union, constituent republics of the Soviet Union located in Soviet Central Asia, Central Asia existed as a republic from 1925 to 1991. Initially, on 7 August 1921, it was established as the Turkmen Oblast of the Turkestan ASSR before being made, on 13 May 1925, a separate republic of the USSR as the Turkmen SSR. Since then the borders of the Turkmenia were unchanged. On 22 August 1990, Turkmenia declared its sovereignty over Soviet laws. On 27 October 1991, it became Turkmenistan, independent as Turkmenistan. Geographically, Turkmenistan was bordered between Iran, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, Afghanistan to the south, Caspian Sea to the west, the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, Kazakh SSR to the north and the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic, Uzbek SSR to the east. History Annexation to Russia Russian Emp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Soviet Of The Turkmen SSR
The Supreme Soviet of the Turkmen SSR (; ) was the Supreme Soviet, supreme soviet (main Legislature, legislative institution) of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic, Turkmen SSR, one of the Republics of the Soviet Union, union republics of the Soviet Union. The Supreme Soviet of the Turkmen SSR was established in 1938 and disbanded in 1992. It was succeeded by the Assembly of Turkmenistan in 1992. Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Turkmen SSR was dissolved on January 18, 1990. Thus, all powers of the Chairman of the Presidium were transferred to the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Turkmen SSR. {, class="wikitable" !Portrait !Chairman !From !To , - , , Hywaly Babaýew(1902–1941) , 26 July 1938 , January 1942 , - , , Allaberdy Berdyev(1904–1964) , 27 January 1942 , 6 March 1948 , - , , Akmamed Saryev(1907–?) , 6 March 1948 , 30 March 1959 , - , , Nurberdy Bayramov(1912� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republics Of The Soviet Union
In the Soviet Union, a Union Republic () or unofficially a Republic of the USSR was a Federated state, constituent federated political entity with a List of forms of government, system of government called a Soviet republic (system of government), Soviet republic, which was officially defined in the 1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union, 1977 constitution as "a sovereign state, sovereign Soviet socialist state which has united with the other Soviet republics to form the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics" and whose sovereignty is limited by membership in the Union. As a result of its status as a sovereign state, the Union Republic de jure had the right to enter into relations with foreign states, conclude treaties with them and exchange diplomatic and consular representatives and participate in the activities of international organizations (including membership in international organizations). The Union Republics were perceived as National delimitation in the Soviet Union, nat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Presidential System
A presidential, strong-president, or single-executive system (sometimes also congressional system) is a form of government in which a head of government (usually titled " president") heads an executive branch that derives its authority and legitimacy from a source that is separate from the legislative branch. The system was popularized by its inclusion in the Constitution of the United States. This head of government is often also the head of state. In a presidential system, the head of government is directly or indirectly elected by a group of citizens and is not responsible to the legislature, and the legislature cannot dismiss the president except in extraordinary cases. A presidential system contrasts with a parliamentary system, where the head of government (usually called a prime minister) derives their power from the confidence of an elected legislature, which can dismiss the prime minister with a simple majority. Not all presidential systems use the title of ''p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telephone Numbers In The Soviet Union
The telephone numbering plan of the USSR was a set of telephone area codes, numbers and dialing rules, which operated in the Soviet Union until the 1990s. After the collapse of the USSR, many newly independent republics implemented their own numbering plans. However, many of the principles of the Soviet numbering plan still remain. The former Soviet country code 7 is still retained by Russia and Kazakhstan. Basic principles The Soviet Union used a four-level open numbering plan. The long-distance prefix was 8. # Local numbers could be dialed directly, and usually consisted of 5-7 digits, with seven-digit numbers only occurring in Moscow (since 1968), Leningrad (since 1976) and Kiev (since 1981). If the internal number of the regional center had less than 7 digits, then its intercity code was supplemented with numbers (usually 2 for the administrative center, 6 for the second largest city). #: For example, with the code 423 of Primorsky Krai: 423 22 was the code of Vladivostok, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkestan ASSR
The Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (TASSR; ; ), originally called the Turkestan Socialist Federative Republic, was an autonomous republic of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic located in Soviet Central Asia which existed between 1918 and 1924. Uzbeks were the preeminent nation of the Turkestan ASSR. Tashkent was the capital and largest city in the region. Name History During the Russian Empire, the Turkestan ASSR's territory was governed as Turkestan Krai, the Emirate of Bukhara, and the Khanate of Khiva. From 1905, Pan-Turkist ideologues like Ismail Gasprinski aimed to suppress differences among the peoples who spoke Turkic languages, uniting them into one government. This idea was supported by Vladimir Lenin, and after the Russian Revolution of 1917, the Bolsheviks in Tashkent created the Turkestan ASSR. But in February 1918, the Islamic Council () and the Council of Intelligentsia (Uzb. ''Shoʻro-i Ulamo'') met in Kokand city and decl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khan Akhmedov
Han Ahmedowiç Ahmedow (16 June 1936 – 6 December 2006) was a Turkmen politician who served as the first and only prime minister of Turkmenistan from December 1989 to May 1992. Life and career He graduated from the Tashkent Institute of Railway Transport Engineers in 1959, after which he worked at the Ashgabat Station of the Ashgabat Railway. In 1962, he became head of the Chardzhou Branch of the Central Asian Railway. Then in 1980, he became Head of the Department of Transport and Communications of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Turkmen SSR. In 1985, he succeeded Saparmyrat Nyýazow as the first secretary of the Ashgabat City Committee of the CPT. In 1988, he became First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Turkmen SSR, and in December 1989, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Turkmen SSR. The following November, Turkmenistan established more decommunised government institutions, leading to Ahmedow becoming Prime Minister of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaikhaziz Atabayev
Gaygysyz Atabayev () (October 1887 – 10 February 1938) was a Turkmen Soviet politician. He was born in Transcaspian Oblast. He was the first prime minister of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic. Biography He was born in the village of Mäne of Tejen uyezd of the Trans-Caspian region. His father, Täçgök, was the leader of the village of Serdar and a prosperous miller; his mother was the daughter of an Afghan vizier (later, Atabayev never concealed his "non-proletarian" origin). By the age of 6 he was orphaned. He graduated from a second-class Russian-native school A second-class school was a three-year primary school sponsored by the Russian Orthodox Church to prepare teachers able to bring basic literacy to the peasantry. in Tejen (1899–1903), and then the Tashkent Teacher's Seminary (1903–07). In 1908 he took the surname Atabayev in honor of his seminar classmate and friend M. Atabayev. He taught at the workers technical school of Merv uyezd, headed a first class ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Minister Of Turkmenistan
The following is a list of heads of government of Turkmenistan since the establishment of that position in 1925. List of heads of government of Turkmenistan (1925–1992) Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1925–1991) Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars Chairmen of the Council of Ministers Turkmenistan (1991–present) Prime minister After the passing of the current Constitution of Turkmenistan in 1992, the position of prime minister was abolished and the president of Turkmenistan also became head of government. See also *President of Turkmenistan *Vice President of Turkmenistan *State Security Council of Turkmenistan The State Security Council of Turkmenistan () is an important decision-making body in the field of the defence of Turkmenistan. It is the highest decision-making body in the armed forces next to the Ministry of Defense and the General Staff, wi ... * Republican Party of Turkmenistan External linksU.S. State Department profile of Turkmeni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roza Atamuradovna Bazarova
Roza Atamuradovna Bazarova (born 1933) was a Soviet- Turkmenistani politician and member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU),. Abbreviated in Russian as КПСС, ''KPSS''. at some points known as the Russian Communist Party (RCP), All-Union Communist Party and Bolshevik Party, and sometimes referred to as the Soviet ....Советский Туркменистан-фронту - Роза Атамурадовна Базарова She was a Member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet between 1975 and 1989. She served as Deputy Premier Minister in 1975, and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1985 to 1988. She was nominally President of the Republic (President of the Presidium of the Turkmenian SSR) between 10 September 1988 and 11 May 1990. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Bazarova, Roza Atamuradovna 1933 births 20th-century Turkmenistan women politicians 20th-century Turkmenistan politicians Communist Party of Turkmenista ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shah Muhammed Faisal Reza
Shāh (; ) is a royal title meaning "king" in the Persian language.Yarshater, Ehsa, ''Iranian Studies'', vol. XXII, no. 1 (1989) Though chiefly associated with the monarchs of Iran, it was also used to refer to the leaders of numerous Persianate societies, such as the Ottoman Empire, the Khanate of Bukhara and the Emirate of Bukhara, the Mughal Empire, the Bengal Sultanate, and various Afghan dynasties, as well as among Gurkhas. With regard to Iranian history, in particular, each ruling monarch was not seen simply as the head of the concurrent dynasty and state, but as the successor to a long line of royalty beginning with the original Persian Empire of Cyrus the Great. To this end, he was more emphatically known as the Shāhanshāh ( ), meaning "King of Kings" since the Achaemenid dynasty. A roughly equivalent title is Pādishāh (; ), which was most widespread during the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent. Etymology The word descends from Old Persian ''xšāyaθ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of Turkmenistan
The president of Turkmenistan (), officially the president and chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan, is the head of state and head of government of Turkmenistan. The president is also the supreme commander in chief of the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan and heads the State Security Council. Serdar Berdimuhamedow is the current president of Turkmenistan, the third in the history of the country since it gained independence with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. He succeeded his father, Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow when the latter stepped down in 2022 after a reign of 15 years, the first president to do so. In the 2022 election, Berdimuhamedow received 72.97% of the country's popular vote against nine other candidates. International observers have criticized the honesty of this election. The country passed reforms in 2016 eliminating term limits for the presidency and removing the previous age requirement of below 70, as well as extending the term from five t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saparmurat Niyazov
Saparmurat Atayevich Niyazov (19 February 1940 – 21 December 2006) was a Turkmenistani politician who led Turkmenistan from 1985 until his death in 2006. He was the Secretary (title), first secretary of the Communist Party of Turkmenistan from 1985 until 1991 and supported the 1991 Soviet coup attempt. He continued to rule Turkmenistan as the first President of Turkmenistan, president for 15 years after independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. Turkmen media referred to him using the title ''His Excellency Saparmurat Türkmenbaşy, President of Turkmenistan and Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers (Turkmenistan), Cabinet of Ministers''. His self-given title ''Türkmenbaşy'', meaning ''Head of the Turkmen'', referred to his position as the founder and president of the Humanitarian Association of World Turkmens, Association of Turkmens of the World. In 1999, the Assembly of Turkmenistan declared Niyazov to be president for life. In his time, he was one of the world's m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
