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Tupamaros
The National Liberation Movement – Tupamaros (, MLN-T) was a Marxist–Leninist urban guerrilla group that operated in Uruguay during the 1960s and 1970s. In 1989, the group was admitted into the Broad Front and a large number of its members joined the Movement of Popular Participation (MPP). Formed in the early 1960s, the MLN-T sought to create a revolutionary state through armed struggle, taking inspiration from the 1953–59 Cuban Revolution led by Fidel Castro. Just like the majority of Cuban revolutionaries, the Tupamaros operated in primarily urban areas. The organization gained notoriety for its violent acts of sabotage, bank and armory robberies, assassinations of military and police officers, bombings, and kidnappings of judges, businessmen, diplomats and politicians. The MLN-T is inextricably linked to its most important leader, Raúl Sendic, and his brand of Marxism. José Mujica, who later became President of Uruguay, was also a member. 300 Tupamaros di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José Mujica
José Alberto "Pepe" Mujica Cordano (20May 193513May 2025) was a Uruguayan politician, revolutionary and farmer who served as the 40th president of Uruguay from 2010 to 2015. A former guerrilla with the Tupamaros, he was tortured and imprisoned for 14 years during the military dictatorship in the 1970s and 1980s. A member of the Broad Front coalition of left-wing parties, Mujica was the minister of Livestock, Agriculture, and Fisheries from 2005 to 2008 and a senator afterwards. As the candidate of the Broad Front, he won the 2009 presidential election and took office as president on 1 March 2010. Mujica's administration implemented a range of progressive policies, including the decriminalization of abortion, the legalization of marijuana consumption and the legalization of same-sex marriage. Additional measures strengthened the country's trade unions and significantly bolstered minimum wages. While in office, Mujica was described as being "the world's poorest president" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raúl Sendic
Raúl Sendic Antonaccio (March 16, 1926 – April 28, 1989) was a Uruguayan lawyer, trade unionist and founder of the National Liberation Movement – Tupamaros (MLN–T). After beginning his legal career organising agricultural workers and agitating for land reform, he moved into militant activism and established the MLN–T to carry out urban guerrilla warfare against the Uruguayan state. He was arrested and imprisoned by the civic-military dictatorship of Uruguay, only being released after the transition to democracy. As the Tupamaros shifted once more to legal, political activities, Sendic died from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Biography Raúl Sendic Antonaccio was born on 16 March 1926, into a peasant family in the Flores Department. After studying law and joining the Socialist Party of Uruguay, during the 1950s, he worked as a lawyer for rural trade unions and founded a number himself, organising sugarcane workers in the Artigas Department. He also led demonstrat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Uruguay
The history of Uruguay comprises different periods: the pre-Columbian time or early history (up to the 16th century), the Colonial Period (1516–1811), the Period of Nation-Building (1811–1830), and the history of Uruguay as an independent country (1830–present). Written history began with the arrival of Spanish chroniclers in the expedition of Juan Díaz de Solís in 1516 to the Río de la Plata, which marks the beginning of Spanish occupation of the region. In 1527 the first European settlement was established in the territory of present-day Uruguay. It was called Sán Lázaro and founded by Sebastian Cabot who was in command of a Spanish expedition. In 1777 the Spanish Crown established the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, which began to disintegrate with the Revolution of May 1810. The territory of present-day Uruguay was invaded by the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarve, initially becoming part of the Portuguese kingdom as Cisplatina Province. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foco
A guerrilla foco is a small cadre of revolutionaries operating in a nation's countryside. This guerrilla organization was popularized by Che Guevara in his book ''Guerrilla Warfare (Che Guevara book), Guerrilla Warfare'', which was based on his experiences in the Cuban Revolution. Guevara would go on to argue that a foco was politically necessary for the success of a socialist revolution. Originally Guevara theorized that a foco was only useful in overthrowing Personalist dictator, personalistic Military dictatorship, military dictatorships and not Liberal democracy, liberal democratic capitalism where a peaceful overthrow was believed possible. Years later, Guevara would revise his thesis and argue all nations in Latin America, including liberal democracies, could be overthrown by a guerrilla foco. Eventually the foco thesis would be that political conditions would not even need to be ripe for revolutions to be successful, since the sheer existence of a guerrilla foco would create ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mauricio Rosencof
Mauricio Rosencof (born June 30, 1933) is a Uruguayan playwright, poet and journalist from Florida, Uruguay. From 2005 to 2020 he has been Director of Culture of the Municipality of Montevideo. He was a founder of the Communist Youth Union and leader of the National Liberation Movement (Tupamaros) (MLN-T) and in 1972 was arrested and tortured. After the coup of 1973 he was held "hostage" with eight more prisoners. After twelve years in prison, he was released in 1985. He has written several books. One of them, ''El regreso del Gran Tuleque'', inspired the film '' El chevrolé''. His 12-year tenure in prison with Eleuterio Fernández Huidobro and José Mujica José Alberto "Pepe" Mujica Cordano (20May 193513May 2025) was a Uruguayan politician, revolutionary and farmer who served as the 40th president of Uruguay from 2010 to 2015. A former guerrilla with the Tupamaros, he was tortured and imprisone ... was the basis for the film '' A Twelve-Year Night''. He lives in Mont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uruguay
Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast, while bordering the Río de la Plata to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. It is part of the Southern Cone region of South America. Uruguay covers an area of approximately . It has a population of almost 3.5 million people, of whom nearly 2 million live in Montevideo metropolitan area, the metropolitan area of its capital and List of cities in Uruguay, largest city, Montevideo. The area that became Uruguay was first inhabited by groups of hunter gatherer, hunter gatherers 13,000 years ago. The first European explorer to reach the region was Juan Díaz de Solís in 1516, but the area was colonized later than its neighbors. At the time of Spanish colonization of the Americas, European arrival, the Charrúa were the predominant tribe, alongside other groups such as the Guaraní people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eleuterio Fernández Huidobro
Eleuterio Fernández Huidobro (March 14, 1942 – August 5, 2016) was an Uruguayan politician, journalist, and writer. He was popularly known as "El Ñato". A former member of the National Liberation Movement (Tupamaros) (MLN-T), he was in prison during the military dictatorship for twelve years (1973-1985). He was the Minister of Defense from 2011 until his death. On August 5, 2016, he died in office at the age of 74. His 12-year tenure in prison during Uruguay's military dictatorship with Mauricio Rosencof and José Mujica José Alberto "Pepe" Mujica Cordano (20May 193513May 2025) was a Uruguayan politician, revolutionary and farmer who served as the 40th president of Uruguay from 2010 to 2015. A former guerrilla with the Tupamaros, he was tortured and imprisone ... was the basis for the film '' A Twelve-Year Night,'' in which he was portrayed by Alfonso Tort. References External links * 1942 births 2016 deaths Politicians from Montevideo Uruguayan people of Sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Immigration To Uruguay
Immigration to Uruguay began in several millennia BCE with the arrival of different populations from Asia to the Americas through Beringia, according to the most accepted theories, and were slowly populating the Americas. The most recent waves of immigrants started with the arrival of Spaniards in the 16th century, during the colonial period, to what was then known as the ''Banda Oriental''. Throughout its history, Uruguay has experienced massive waves of immigration from all around the world, specifically from the European continent, and today 90–95% of the Uruguayan population has European ancestry. The largest of these waves of immigration occurred between the last third of the 19th century and World War II, when the whole European continent was in turmoil. The largest groups of immigrants in Uruguay are the Spanish and Italians, both establishing the backbone of modern-day Uruguayan culture and society. Overview Uruguay is a multi-ethnic nation formed by the combina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Engler
Henry Willy Engler Golovchenko (born 1946 in Paysandú) is a Uruguayan neuroscientist. Student at the University of the Republic, he obtained his BA-level degree in 1970. During the late 1960s and early 1970s he was a prominent member of the Tupamaros. For that reason he spent 13 years in jail during the civic-military dictatorship of Uruguay. Later he emigrated to Sweden, where he obtained his PhD at the University of Uppsala Uppsala University (UU) () is a public research university in Uppsala, Sweden. Founded in 1477, it is the oldest university in Sweden and the Nordic countries still in operation. Initially founded in the 15th century, the university rose to s .... In 2002 he injected for the first time in healthy volunteers and Alzheimer's patients the substance PIB (Pittsburgh compound B) to detect amyloid plaques in the brain. The results were presented at the World Alzheimer's Conference in Stockholm. References 1946 births People from Paysandú Uruguay ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marxism–Leninism
Marxism–Leninism () is a communist ideology that became the largest faction of the History of communism, communist movement in the world in the years following the October Revolution. It was the predominant ideology of most communist governments throughout the 20th century. It was developed by Joseph Stalin and drew on elements of Bolshevism, Leninism, and Marxism. It was the state ideology of the Soviet Union, Soviet satellite states in the Eastern Bloc, and various countries in the Non-Aligned Movement and Third World during the Cold War, as well as the Communist International after Bolshevization. Today, Marxism–Leninism is the De jure, de-jure ideology of the ruling parties of Chinese Communist Party, China, Communist Party of Cuba, Cuba, Lao People's Revolutionary Party, Laos, and Communist Party of Vietnam, Vietnam, as well as many other communist parties. The Juche, state ideology of North Korea is derived from Marxism–Leninism, although its evolution is disput ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of Uruguay
The politics of Uruguay abide by a presidential representative democratic republic, under which the president of Uruguay is both the head of state and the head of government, as well as a multiform party system. The president exercises executive power, while legislative power is vested in the two chambers of the General Assembly of Uruguay. The Judiciary is independent from the executive and legislature. The Colorado and National parties have been locked in a power struggle, with the predominance of the Colorado party throughout most of Uruguay's history. The 2004 election, however, brought the Encuentro Progresista-Frente Amplio-Nueva Mayoría, a coalition of socialists, former Tupamaros, communists, social democrats, and Christian Democrats among others to power with majorities in both houses of parliament. A majority vote elected President Tabaré Vázquez. In 2009, the Broad Front once again won the elections with a plurality of the votes. A presidential runoff was trigg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutionary Left Movement (Chile)
The Revolutionary Left Movement (, MIR) is a Chilean far-left Marxist-Leninist communist party and former urban guerrilla organization founded on 12 October 1965. At its height in 1973, the MIR numbered about 10,000 members and associates. The group emerged from various student organizations, mainly from University of Concepción, that had originally been active in the youth organization of the Socialist Party. They established a base of support among the trade unions and shantytowns of Concepción, Santiago, and other cities. Andrés Pascal Allende, a nephew of Salvador Allende, president of Chile from 1970 to 1973, was one of its early leaders. Miguel Enríquez was the General Secretary of the party from 1967 until his assassination in 1974 by the DINA. Although it was involved in military actions and assassinations, particularly during the Resistance to the 1973 Chilean coup d'etat, the MIR states they reject assassination as a tactic (see below on the assassination of E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
