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Tunisian–Algerian War (1694)
The Tunisian–Algerian war of 1694 was a conflict between the Deylik of Algiers, and the Ottoman Tunisia, Regency of Tunis. Background Ever since the establishment of Ottoman Tunisia, the Deys of the country were elected by the Turkish janissaries. The Pasha of Tunis appointed by the Ottoman Sultan had no power. That was at least the case until 1613, when Murad I Bey, a Janissary of Corsican origins seized power in Tunis, and founded the Muradid dynasty. In 1675, Murad II Bey died, and he left his state to his son Mohamed Bey El Mouradi. Mohamed exiled the Pasha, Muhammad al-Hafsi. Murad II's second son, Ali bin Murad, disappointed by his share in the division of power had sought refuge in the Beylik of Constantine a governorate of the Regency of Algiers (also known as Algeria). He brought the tribes of northwest Tunisia led by Muhammad ben Cheker over to his side with promises of gold and silver. He besieged Tunis, while Muhammad Bey al-Muradi fled from Tunis to Kairouan be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tunisia
Tunisia, officially the Republic of Tunisia, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Tunisia also shares maritime borders with Italy through the islands of Sicily and Sardinia to the north and Malta to the east. It features the archaeological sites of Carthage dating back to the 9th century BC, as well as the Great Mosque of Kairouan. Known for its ancient architecture, Souks of Tunis, souks, and blue coasts, it covers , and has a population of 12.1 million. It contains the eastern end of the Atlas Mountains and the northern reaches of the Sahara desert; much of its remaining territory is arable land. Its of coastline includes the African conjunction of the western and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Basin. Tunisia is home to Africa's northernmost point, Cape Angela. Located on the northeastern coast, Tunis is the capital and List of cities ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murad I Bey
Murad Bey (; died 1631)Ibn Abi Dhiaf, ''Présent des hommes de notre temps. Chroniques des rois de Tunis et du pacte fondamental'', vol. II, éd. Maison tunisienne de l'édition, Tunis, 1990, p. 41 was the first hereditary bey of Tunis, founder of the Muradid dynasty. He reigned from 1613 until his death. Originally from Corsica and named Giacomo Senti, he was captured by the Tunisian corsairs at the age of nine and bought by the first bey of Tunis, the old mameluke Ramadhan. He was promoted by the bey, who made him his lieutenant (''kahia'') in 1613, and participated in missions to pacify the hinterland and collect taxes at the head of armed battalions called ''mhalla''. He allied himself to Yusuf Dey and received his old master's position after his death in 1613. He was enriched by the corsairs and subsequently obtained the title of pasha of Tunis from the Ottoman government, along with the right of his son and heir Hamuda Bey to inherit the title of Bey, with the agreement o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tribute
A tribute (; from Latin ''tributum'', "contribution") is wealth, often in kind, that a party gives to another as a sign of submission, allegiance or respect. Various ancient states exacted tribute from the rulers of lands which the state conquered. In the case of alliances, lesser parties may pay tribute to more powerful parties as a sign of allegiance. Tributes are different from taxes, as they are not collected in the same regularly routine manner that taxes are. Further, with tributes, a recognition of political submission by the payer to the payee is uniquely required. Overview The Aztec Empire is another example, as it received tribute from the various city-states and provinces that it conquered. Ancient China received tribute from various states such as Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Cambodia, Borneo, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Myanmar and Central Asia. Aztec Empire Tributes as a form of government The Aztecs used tributes as a means for maintaining control over con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
El Kef
El Kef ( '), also known as ''Le Kef'', is a city in northwestern Tunisia. It serves as the capital of the Kef Governorate. El Kef is situated to the west of Tunis and some east of the border between Algeria and Tunisia. It has a population of (2004 census). The old town is built on the cliff face of the table-top Jebel Dyr mountain. El Kef was the provisional capital of Tunisia during World War II. It was the command centre of the Front de Libération Nationale during the Algerian War of Independence against the French in the 1950s. The Sidi Bou Makhlouf Mausoleum entombs the patron saint of the city. Geography The highest-elevated city of Tunisia, at , its metropolitan area reaches of which lie within the interior of the old walled Medina quarter. The municipality of El Kef is shared between two national delegates, East Kef and West Kef, which correspond to the two municipal boroughs. History Etymology First known by the name of Sicca during the Cartha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fort Of El Kef
A fortification (also called a fort, fortress, fastness, or stronghold) is a military construction designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin ("strong") and ("to make"). From very early history to modern times, defensive walls have often been necessary for cities to survive in an ever-changing world of invasion and conquest. Some settlements in the Indus Valley Civilization were the first small cities to be fortified. In ancient Greece, large cyclopean stone walls fitted without mortar had been built in Mycenaean Greece, such as the ancient site of Mycenae. A Greek '' phrourion'' was a fortified collection of buildings used as a military garrison, and is the equivalent of the Roman castellum or fortress. These constructions mainly served the purpose of a watch tower, to guard certain roads, passes, and borders. Though smaller than a real fortress, they acted as a border gu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Husain Ibn Ali Of Tunis
Al-Husayn I ibn Ali, also known as Hussein I (; born in 1675 – 13 September 1740) was the founder of the Husainid Dynasty, which ruled Tunisia until the abolition of the monarchy in 1957. Biography Husayn was born a Kouloughli, which is a term used to refer to an Ottoman father and a local North African mother. His father was a Muslim of Cretan Greek origin and his mother was a Tunisian. The Husaynids were often called "Greeks" by Habib Bourguiba and, until recently, discussion of their origins was taboo. "In his speeches, Bourgouiba frequently claimed that the Husaynids and the political class of mamluk origins were not really Tunisians, often referring to them as Greeks" In 1702 the |
Dey Of Algiers
This is a list of the Beylerbeys, Pashas and Deys of the Regency of Algiers: Beylerbeys of the Regency of Algiers (1517–1588) Pashas (1577–1659) * Dely Ahmed 1586–1589 * Hızır Pasha 1589–1591 * Hadji Shaban Pasha 1591–1593 * Mustapha Pasha 1593–1594 *Kader Pasha (second time) 1594–1595 * Mustapha II Pasha 1596–1599 * Daly Hassan Pasha 1599–1601 * Somiman Pasha 1601–1603 * Muhammad II the eunuch 1605–1607 * Mustapha III Pasha 1607 * Redwan Pasha 1607–1610 * Kussa Mustapha 1610–1614 * Hasan IV 1614–1616 * Mustapha IV Pasha 1616–1619 * Kassan Kaid Kussa 1619–1621 * Kader Pasha 1621–1626 * Hassan Khodja 1626–1634 * Yusuf II 1634–1645 * * Mahmud Brusali Pasha 1645–1647 * Yusef Pasha 1647–1650 * Mehmed Pasha 1650–1653 * Ahmed Pasha (first period of rule) 1653–1655 * Ibrahim Pasha (first period) 1655–1656 * Ahmed Pasha (second period) 1656–1657 * Ibrahim Pasha (second period) 1657–1659 * Ahmed Pasha (third period) 1658–1659 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
El Fahs
El Fahs (, fɑħs(ˁ) is a town and commune located in the Zaghouan Governorate, 60 kilometers south-west of Tunis, Tunisia. Its population in 2014 was 23,556. It is located in the Wadi Miliane valley, surrounded by mountains, in particular the Djebel Zaghouan. The Roman site of Thuburbo Majus is located 3 km away. Under the French protectorate, the city was known as Pont du Fahs, (trans. ''Bridge-of-Fahs''), named after the remains of a Roman era bridge in the vicinity. The town was the site of a World War II battle during the Tunisia Campaign. Etymology Etymology 1: El Fahs or formerly known as Qantart El Fahs (Arabic: قنطرة الفحص) literally translates to ''"Bridge of the (medical) examination"''. This is because it was known to be the biggest center of public medical examination for nearby regions, near the Roman era bridge (supposedly under the Ottoman rule). Etymology 2: El Fahs was its original name that probably also meant "The flat hill" in Arabic, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kairouan
Kairouan (, ), also spelled El Qayrawān or Kairwan ( , ), is the capital of the Kairouan Governorate in Tunisia and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The city was founded by the Umayyads around 670, in the period of Caliph Mu'awiya (reigned 661–680); this is when it became an important centre for Sunni Islamic scholarship and Quranic learning, attracting Muslims from various parts of the world. The Mosque of Uqba is situated in the city.Europa Publications "General Survey: Holy Places" ''The Middle East and North Africa 2003'', p. 147. Routledge, 2003. . "The city is regarded as a holy place for Muslims." Etymology The name ( ''al-Qayrawān'') is an Arabic word meaning "military group" or "caravan", borrowed early on from the Middle Persian word ''kārawān'' (modern Persian ''kârvân''), meaning "military column" (''kâr'' "people/military" + ''vân'' "outpost") or " caravan" (see caravanserai). In Berber, the city used to be called ''Tikirwan'', thought to be an adaptatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silver
Silver is a chemical element; it has Symbol (chemistry), symbol Ag () and atomic number 47. A soft, whitish-gray, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity of any metal. Silver is found in the Earth's crust in the pure, free elemental form ("native metal, native silver"), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite. Most silver is produced as a byproduct of copper, gold, lead, and zinc Refining (metallurgy), refining. Silver has long been valued as a precious metal. Silver metal is used in many bullion coins, sometimes bimetallism, alongside gold: while it is more abundant than gold, it is much less abundant as a native metal. Its purity is typically measured on a per-mille basis; a 94%-pure alloy is described as "0.940 fine". As one of the seven metals of antiquity, silver has had an enduring role in most human cultures. Other than in currency and as an in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gold
Gold is a chemical element; it has chemical symbol Au (from Latin ) and atomic number 79. In its pure form, it is a brightness, bright, slightly orange-yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile metal. Chemically, gold is a transition metal, a group 11 element, and one of the noble metals. It is one of the least reactivity (chemistry), reactive chemical elements, being the second-lowest in the reactivity series. It is solid under standard temperature and pressure, standard conditions. Gold often occurs in free elemental (native state (metallurgy), native state), as gold nugget, nuggets or grains, in rock (geology), rocks, vein (geology), veins, and alluvial deposits. It occurs in a solid solution series with the native element silver (as in electrum), naturally alloyed with other metals like copper and palladium, and mineral inclusions such as within pyrite. Less commonly, it occurs in minerals as gold compounds, often with tellurium (gold tellurides). Gold is resistant to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regency Of Algiers
The Regency of Algiers was an Early modern period, early modern semi-independent Administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman province and nominal Tributary states of the Ottoman Empire, vassal state on the Barbary Coast of North Africa from 1516 to 1830. Founded by the privateer brothers Aruj Barbarossa, Aruj and Hayreddin Barbarossa, Hayreddin Reis (also known as the Barbarossa brothers), the Regency succeeded the Kingdom of Tlemcen as an infamous and formidable base that waged maritime Religious war, holy war on European Christian powers. Elected regents headed a stratocracy that haunted European imagination for three centuries but still gained recognition as a regional power. The Regency emerged in the 16th-century Ottoman–Habsburg wars. As self-proclaimed gaining popular support and Legitimacy (political), legitimacy from the religious leaders at the expense of hostile local Emir, emirs, the Barbarossa brothers and their successors carved a unique corsair stat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
