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Tugai Bey
Mirza Tughai Bey, Tuhay Bey (; ; ; died June 1651), also spelled Togay Bey, was a notable military leader and politician of the Crimean Tatars. Biography Toğay descended from the Arğıns - one of noble Crimean families, and his full name is ''Arğın Doğan Toğay bey'' (Arhyn Dohan Tohai bei). "Bey" is actually a title, which he received on becoming the chief of Or Qapı (Perekop) ''sanjak'', an important position in the Crimean Khanate, since the Isthmus of Perekop is the neck to Crimean Peninsula and was crucial to its defense. Tuhay Bey became the bey of Or Qapı sometime between 1642 and 1644, an important position of the Crimean Khanate who was in charge of Or Qapı fortress - the gateway to the peninsula. By 1644 he had enough authority for the Khan of Crimea to entrust to him leadership of the major Tatar expedition against Poland. However, Tuhay Bey's army was intercepted by the Polish army under hetman Koniecpolski before reaching the densely populated regions of U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Matejko
Jan Alojzy Matejko (; also known as Jan Mateyko; 24 June 1838 – 1 November 1893) was a Polish painter, a leading 19th-century exponent of history painting, known for depicting nodal events from Polish history. His works include large scale oil on canvas, oil paintings such as ''Stańczyk (painting), Stańczyk'' (1862), ''Rejtan (painting), Rejtan'' (1866), ''Unia lubelska (painting), Union of Lublin'' (1869),'' Astronomer Copernicus, or Conversations with God'' (1873), or ''Battle of Grunwald (painting), Battle of Grunwald'' (1878). He was the author of numerous portraits, a gallery of List of Polish monarchs, Polish monarchs in book form, and murals in St. Mary's Basilica, Kraków. He is considered by many as the most celebrated Polish painters, Polish painter, and sometimes as the "national painter" of Poland. Matejko spent most of his life in Kraków. He enrolled at the Kraków Academy of Fine Arts at age fourteen, where he studied under notable artists such as Wojciech ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khan (title)
Khan (, , ) is a historic Turkic peoples, Turkic and Proto-Mongols, Mongolic title originating among nomadic tribes in the Eurasian Steppe#Divisions, Central and Eastern Eurasian Steppe to refer to a king. It first appears among the Rouran and then the Göktürks as a variant of khagan (sovereign, emperor) and implied a subordinate ruler. In the Seljuk Empire, Seljük Empire, it was the highest noble title, ranking above malik (king) and emir (prince). In the Mongol Empire it signified the ruler of a Orda (organization), horde (''ulus''), while the ruler of all the Mongols was the khagan or great khan. It is a title commonly used to signify the head of a Pashtun Pashtun tribes, tribe or clan. The title subsequently declined in importance. During the Safavid Iran, Safavid and Qajar Iran, Qajar dynasty it was the title of an army general high noble rank who was ruling a province, and in Mughal Empire, Mughal India it was a high noble rank restricted to courtiers. After the downfal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1651 Deaths
Events January–March * January 1 – Charles II is crowned King of Scots at Scone ( his first crowning). * January 24 – Parliament of Boroa in Chile: Spanish and Mapuche authorities meet at Boroa, renewing the fragile peace established at the parliaments of Quillín, in 1641 and 1647. * February 22 – St. Peter's Flood: A first storm tide in the North Sea strikes the coast of Germany, drowning thousands. The island of Juist is split in half, and the western half of Buise is probably washed away. * March 4 – St. Peter's Flood: Another storm tide in the North Sea strikes the Netherlands, flooding Amsterdam. * March 6 – The town of Kajaani is founded by Count Per Brahe the Younger. * March 15 – Prince Aisin Gioro Fulin attains the age of 13 and becomes the Shunzhi Emperor of China, which had been governed by a regency since the death of his father Hong Taiji in 1643. * March 26 – The Spanish ship ''San José'', l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leszek Podhorodecki
Leszek Podhorodecki (1934 – 7 December 2000) was a Polish historian and writer. A secondary school A secondary school, high school, or senior school, is an institution that provides secondary education. Some secondary schools provide both ''lower secondary education'' (ages 11 to 14) and ''upper secondary education'' (ages 14 to 18), i.e., b ... teacher, he published over 40 different books about the history of Poland, as well as dozens of academic articles and other publications. Bibliography *Chanat krymski i jego stosunki z Polską w XV-XVIII wieku *Chocim 1621 *Dzieje rodu Chodkiewiczów *Hetman Jan Karol Chodkiewicz 1560-1621 *Hetman Jan Zamoyski 1542-1605 *Hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski ok. 1591-1646 *Hetman Żółkiewski *Historia Polski 1796-1997 *Kulikowe Pole 1380 *Lepanto 1571 *Rapier i koncerz *Sicz Zaporoska *Sławne bitwy Polaków *Sławni hetmani Rzeczypospolitej *Sobiescy herbu Janina *Stefan Czarniecki *Tatarzy *Wazowie w Polsce *Wiedeń 1683 *Władysław ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tatars
Tatars ( )Tatar in the Collins English Dictionary are a group of Turkic peoples across Eastern Europe and Northern Asia who bear the name "Tatar (term), Tatar". Initially, the ethnonym ''Tatar'' possibly referred to the Tatar confederation. That confederation was eventually incorporated into the Mongol Empire when Genghis Khan unified the various steppe tribes. Historically, the term ''Tatars'' (or ''Tartars'') was Endonym and exonym, applied to anyone originating from the vast North Asia, Northern and Central Asian landmass then known as Tartary, a term which was also conflated with the Mongol Empire itself. More recently, however, the term has come to refer more narrowly to related ethnic groups who refer to themselves as ''Tatars'' or who speak languages that are commonly referr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lviv
Lviv ( or ; ; ; see #Names and symbols, below for other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine, as well as the List of cities in Ukraine, fifth-largest city in Ukraine, with a population of It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is one of the main Ukrainian culture, cultural centres of Ukraine. Lviv also hosts the administration of Lviv urban hromada. It was named after Leo I of Galicia, the eldest son of Daniel of Galicia, Daniel, King of Ruthenia. Lviv (then Lwów) emerged as the centre of the historical regions of Red Ruthenia and Galicia (Eastern Europe), Galicia in the 14th century, superseding Halych, Chełm, Belz, and Przemyśl. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia from 1272 to 1349, when it went to King Casimir III the Great of Kingdom of Poland, Poland in a Galicia–Volhynia Wars, war of succession. In 1356, Casimir the Great granted it town rights. From 1434, it was the regional capital of the Ruthenian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colonel Wolodyjowski
''Pan Wołodyjowski'' (titled in English as ''Pan Michael'', 1893, and ''Fire in the Steppe'', 1992; other titles used in English discourse include ''Colonel Wołodyjowski'', ''Sir Michael'' and ''Sir Wołodyjowski'') is a historical novel by the Polish author Henryk Sienkiewicz, published in 1887. It is the third volume in a series known to Poles as " The Trilogy", being preceded by ''With Fire and Sword'' (''Ogniem i mieczem'', 1884) and '' The Deluge'' (''Potop'', 1886). The novel's protagonist is Michał Wołodyjowski. Plot summary Chapters 1–5 Michael Wołodyjowski has retired to a monastery after the death of his betrothed, Anna Borzobogati. At Częstochowa. Kharlamp, an acquaintance, goes to see Andrzej Kmicic to get his help in persuading him to leave it. He and Zagłoba make a journey to consult Yan, and it is finally Zagłoba who offers to speak to Wołodyjowski. Making his way to Warsaw, Zagłoba meets his old friend, Hassling-Ketling, a Scot, who now resides in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azja Tuhajbejowicz
Azja Tuhajbejowicz, also known under alias Azja Mellechowicz, is a fictional character in the novel '' Fire in the Steppe'' by Henryk Sienkiewicz. He is an antagonist and the rival of Michał Wołodyjowski. He is a Tatar who wants to kidnap Barbara Jeziorkowska, settle some Crimean Tatars on the uninhabited regions of Ukraine to protect Poland's borders (like Zaporozhian Cossacks) and become a "Tatar hetman" in the service of the Polish Crown. While a fictional character, his father was supposedly Tugay Bey, a real historical figure. In Jerzy Hoffman's 1969 film adaptation, Azja is portrayed by Daniel Olbrychski. References * See also *Lipka Tatars The Lipka Tatars are a Turkic ethnic group and minority in Poland, Lithuania, and Belarus who originally settled in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at the beginning of the 14th century. The first Tatar settlers tried to preserve their Pagan tradi ... Sienkiewicz's Trilogy Fictional Polish people Literary characters in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pan Wołodyjowski
''Pan Wołodyjowski'' (titled in English as ''Pan Michael'', 1893, and ''Fire in the Steppe'', 1992; other titles used in English discourse include ''Colonel Wołodyjowski'', ''Sir Michael'' and ''Sir Wołodyjowski'') is a historical novel by the Polish author Henryk Sienkiewicz, published in 1887. It is the third volume in a series known to Poles as " The Trilogy", being preceded by ''With Fire and Sword'' (''Ogniem i mieczem'', 1884) and '' The Deluge'' (''Potop'', 1886). The novel's protagonist is Michał Wołodyjowski. Plot summary Chapters 1–5 Michael Wołodyjowski has retired to a monastery after the death of his betrothed, Anna Borzobogati. At Częstochowa. Kharlamp, an acquaintance, goes to see Andrzej Kmicic to get his help in persuading him to leave it. He and Zagłoba make a journey to consult Yan, and it is finally Zagłoba who offers to speak to Wołodyjowski. Making his way to Warsaw, Zagłoba meets his old friend, Hassling-Ketling, a Scot, who now resides in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daniel Olbrychski
Daniel Marcel Olbrychski (; born 27 February 1945) is a Polish people, Polish film actor, film and theatre actor who is widely considered one of the greatest Polish actors of his generation. He appeared in 180 films and TV productions and is best known for leading roles in several Andrzej Wajda movies including ''The Promised Land (1975 film), The Promised Land'' and also known for playing a defector and spymaster Vassily Orlov alongside Hollywood actress Angelina Jolie in the movie ''Salt (2010 film), Salt''. Life and career Olbrychski was born in 1945 in Łowicz, Poland to father Franciszek and mother Klementyna (née Sołonowicz). He had an older brother, Krzysztof (1939–2017), who was a physicist. He attended the Gimnazjum i Liceum im. Stefana Batorego (Warsaw, Poland), Stefan Batory Gymnasium and Lyceum in Warsaw. He has been practicing boxing since his youth, he also trained fencing, badminton and judo. In 1965, he played the character of Rafał Olbromski, his first m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
With Fire And Sword
''By Fire and Sword'' () is a historical novel by the Polish author Henryk Sienkiewicz, published in 1884. It is the first volume of a series known to Poles as The Trilogy, followed by '' The Deluge'' (''Potop'', 1886) and '' Fire in the Steppe'' (originally published under the Polish title ''Pan Wołodyjowski'', which translates to ''Lord Wolodyjowski''). The novel has been adapted as a film several times, most recently in 1999. ''By Fire and Sword'' is a historical fiction novel, set in the 17th century in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during the Khmelnytsky Uprising. It was initially serialized in several Polish newspapers, chapters appearing in weekly installments. It gained enormous popularity in Poland, and by the turn of the 20th century had become one of the most popular Polish books ever. It became obligatory reading in Polish schools, and has been translated into English and most European languages. The series was a vehicle for expressing Polish patriotism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, also referred to as Poland–Lithuania or the First Polish Republic (), was a federation, federative real union between the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, existing from 1569 to 1795. This state was among the largest, most populated countries of 16th- to 18th-century Europe. At its peak in the early 17th century, the Commonwealth spanned approximately and supported a multi-ethnic population of around 12 million as of 1618. The official languages of the Commonwealth were Polish language, Polish and Latin Language, Latin, with Catholic Church, Catholicism as the state religion. The Union of Lublin established the Commonwealth as a single entity on 1 July 1569. The two nations had previously been in a personal union since the Union of Krewo, Krewo Agreement of 1385 (Polish–Lithuanian union) and the subsequent marriage of Queen Jadwiga of Poland to Grand Duke Jogaila of Lithuania, who was cr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
