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Tudeh
The Tudeh Party of Iran is an Iranian communist party. Formed in 1941, with Soleiman Mirza Eskandari as its head, it had considerable influence in its early years and played an important role during Mohammad Mosaddegh's campaign to nationalize the Anglo-Persian Oil Company and his term as prime minister. From the Iran crisis of 1946 onwards, Tudeh became a pro-Soviet organization and remained prepared to carry out the dictates of the Kremlin, even if it meant sacrificing Iranian political independence and sovereignty. The crackdown that followed the 1953 coup against Mosaddegh is said to have "destroyed" the party,Abrahamian, Ervand, ''A History of Modern Iran'', p.122 although a remnant persisted. The party still exists but has remained much weaker as a result of its banning in Iran and mass arrests by the Islamic Republic in 1982, as well as the executions of political prisoners in 1988. Tudeh identified itself as the historical offshoot of the Communist Party of Persia. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Tudeh Fraction
The Tudeh fraction () was the parliamentary group of the Tudeh Party in the Iranian Parliament. The group was known for its robust discipline Discipline is the self-control that is gained by requiring that rules or orders be obeyed, and the ability to keep working at something that is difficult. Disciplinarians believe that such self-control is of the utmost importance and enforce a ..., and its ability to dominate debates in the parliament. During the 14th Iranian Majlis, the party formed a left- center coalition with deputies (mostly from northern provinces) who sympathized with its policies, gaining a voting strength of about 30. Historical membership References Iranian Parliament fractions 1944 establishments in Iran Affiliated organizations of the Tudeh Party of Iran * {{Iran-party-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
International Meeting Of Communist And Workers' Parties
The International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties (IMCWP) is an annual conference attended by communist and workers' parties from several countries. It originated in 1998 when the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) invited communist and workers' parties to participate in an annual conference where parties could gather to share their experiences and issue a joint declaration. The most recent and 23rd meeting of the IMCWP was held in October 2023 in İzmir and was hosted by the Communist Party of Turkey (TKP). The 24th meeting was scheduled to be held in Lebanon, hosted by the Lebanese Communist Party (LCP) between 25–27 October 2024, but was postponed due to the Israeli invasion of Lebanon. Organization The Working Group (WG) of International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties (IMCWP) is composed of Communist Parties throughout the world. The task of the working group is to prepare and organize the International Meetings of Communist and Workers' Parties (I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Central Council Of United Trade Unions
The Central Council of United Trade Unions (abbreviated CCUTU, , 'Central United Council of the Trade Unions of Workers and Toilers of Iran') was a trade union centre in Iran. History Founding CCUTU was founded through the merger of two hitherto antagonistic unions, the Central Council (the union aligned with the Tudeh Party) and the majority faction of the Central Board. The merger was declared on May 1, 1944. On May 8, 1944, a smaller union centre, the Union of Toilers of Iran, merged into CCUTU, followed by the affiliation of the Railway Workers' Association to CCUTU on June 20, 1944. At the time of its founding, CCUTU had sixty affiliated unions. Gradually, the Tudeh Party consolidated its influence over the organization. On July 6, 1944, a shared leadership was announced. Ebrahim Mahzari and Resa Ebrahimzadeh (a communist and former prisoner) were assigned co-chairmen of the CCUTU. On June 18, 1945 the co-chairmen were converted to 'secretaries'. Moreover, a third secretar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Tudeh Military Network
The Officers' Organization () or the Military Organization () of the Tudeh Party, also known as Tudeh Military Network, was an intelligence gathering network that infiltrated the Iranian Armed Forces using clandestine cell system method. Bibliography * References External links * 1944 establishments in Iran Spy rings Rebel groups in Iran Cold War history of Iran Affiliated organizations of the Tudeh Party of Iran Soviet spies Iran–Soviet Union relations {{Iran-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Tudeh Youth Organization
Tudeh Youth Organization () is the youth wing of the Tudeh Party of Iran that was founded in 1943. The organization is affiliated with World Federation of Democratic Youth (WFDY). It published ''Mardom Baraye Javanan'' () weekly and then ''Razm'' () daily newspapers. The organization was led by Reza Radmanesh, who was succeeded by Nader Sharmini from 1947 to 1952. Under the leadership of the latter, the organization proposed more radical slogans while siding with the moderate faction of the party and attacking the hardliner faction for being not enough revolutionary. In 1966, a split occurred in the organization when a group of members left the party because they considered themselves Maoist. They subsequently founded an organization named the Revolutionary Organization of the Tudeh Party. References {{Communism-stub Affiliated organizations of the Tudeh Party of Iran 1943 establishments in Iran Organizations established in 1943 Youth wings of communist parties ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Rahbar (newspaper)
''Rahbar'' () was an Iranian Persian language daily newspaper, published from Tehran. It was the central organ of the communist Tudeh Party of Iran. The decision to launch ''Rahbar'' was taken at the First Party Conference held in October 1942, after that Abbas Iskandari, the editor of the erstwhile central organ of the party ''Siasat'', had been expelled from the party. The paper was first published in February 1943. In the initial phase of ''Rahbar'' the Tudeh Party was not officially a communist party, and the editorial line of the newspaper was non-communist constitutionalism. During the years of the Second World War, ''Rahbar'' (and other Tudeh organs) focused on anti-fascist and pro-peace agitation. During this period it was financed by the Soviet Union. Iraj Eskandari served as the editor-in-chief of ''Rahbar''. As with the other two key publications of the party ('' Mardom'' and ''Razm'') it was edited by a member of the Tudeh parliamentary faction in the Majles. In Jun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Soleiman Eskandari
Soleiman Mirza Eskandari (; 1875 – 7 January 1944) was an Iranian Qajar prince and socialist politician. A civil servant and constitutionalist activist, he served as a member of parliament for four consecutive terms and briefly served as the education minister (''mo'āref''). During his career, Eskandari was associated with Democrat, Socialist and Tudeh parties. In the aftermath of the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran during World War II, the Soviet Union was occupying an area in the north of the country that included the capital of Tehran Tehran (; , ''Tehrân'') is the capital and largest city of Iran. It is the capital of Tehran province, and the administrative center for Tehran County and its Central District (Tehran County), Central District. With a population of around 9. ... and took advantage of this position by fostering the creation of the communist Tudeh party under the leadership of Eskandari. References * 1875 births 1944 deaths Iranian p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Democratic Organization Of Iranian Women
The Democratic Organization of Iranian Women (DAW; ) is the women's wing A women's wing, sometimes also known as a women's group or women's branch, is an auxiliary or independent front or faction within a larger organization, typically a political party, that consists of that organization's female membership or acts to ... of the Tudeh Party of Iran. Led by Maryam Firouz, it was founded in 1943 as the 'Organization of Iranian Women' (OIW) () and joined Women's International Democratic Federation in 1947. The organization "demanded radical transformations in the laws governing the rights of women in the family and at the workplace", according to Hammed Shahidian. They published a monthly magazine named ''Bidari-e Ma'' (), edited by Zahra Eskandari-Bayat. OIW was banned in 1949, along with Tudeh itself and other affiliates, but the party managed to revive it in 1951 with another name: 'Democratic Organization of Iranian Women'. References {{reflist External links Officia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Khavar-e No
''Khavar-e no'' () was an Iranian Persian-language daily newspaper, published from Tabriz 1943 to 1945. Mahmud Torabi was the editor of the paper. ''Khavar-e no'' was founded as the regional organ of the Tudeh Party after the expulsion from the party of Ali Shabistari, the editor of the erstwhile Tudeh newspaper in the region, ''Azerbaijan''. Shabistari had been expelled on the grounds of promoting Azeri nationalism. ''Khavar-e no'' was published with support from the Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ....Asadpour, Ahamd Ali. Der Iran in der internationalen Politik 1939-1948'' References External links* 1943 establishments in Iran 1945 disestablishments in Iran Defunct newspapers published in Iran Iran–Soviet Union relations Mass media in Tabriz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
United Front Of Progressive Parties
Coalition Front of Freedom-Seeking Parties or United Front of Progressive Parties () was a political alliance of left-wing parties in Iran from 1946 to 1948. Having originally been founded by the communist Tudeh Party and the socialist Iran Party, they invited other parties to join them in their alleged struggle for "social progress and national independence". One of the main planks of the united front was to recognize Central Council of United Trade Unions as the sole legitimate organization of the working-class in Iran. Member parties * Tudeh Party of Iran (founding member) * Iran Party (joined in June 1946, left in January 1947) * Socialist Party (founding member) * Jungle Party (joined on 29 October 1946) * Democratic Party of Kurdistan (joined on 29 October 1946) * Democratic Party of Azerbaijan (joined on 29 October 1946) References 1946 establishments in Iran 1948 disestablishments in Iran Defunct left-wing political party alliances Defunct political party allianc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Mardom (newspaper)
''Mardom'' () was the official newspaper of the Tudeh Party of Iran. It was published on a weekly basis. History and profile ''Mardom'' began circulation on 1 February 1942. It was started to contribute to the Tudeh party's achievement of political power. During World War II the paper was part of the campaign against the Axis powers. The paper was one of the most read publications in Iran in the early 1950s. Staff During its early years, Reza Radmanesh and Khalil Maleki served as its editors. Mostafa Fateh Mostafa Fateh () was an Iranian economist and socialist politician who led the Comrades Party in the 1940s. From 1921 to 1951, Fateh served in the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company The Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC; ) was a British company founded ... also co-edited the newspaper for some time. References 1942 establishments in Iran 1980 disestablishments in Iran Publications of the Tudeh Party of Iran Defunct Persian-language newspapers Newspapers published in T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Name-ye Mardom
''Name-ye Mardom'' () is a newspaper which has been published by the Tudeh Party of Iran during different periods with different outlooks. Content ''Name-ye Mardom'' was originally an intellectual journal and emphasized on ideological subjects. "Filthy Hope" (''omid-e palid''), a poem by Nima Yooshij was first published by the newspaper in 1943, with a foreword by Ehsan Tabari. According to Ervand Abrahamian, the political line of the newspaper can be divided into two terms marked by the party's second congress in 1948. Before the second congress, it used to publish articles sympathetic towards a wide range of socialist thinkers, including Henri de Saint-Simon, Karl Kautsky, Georgi Plekhanov, and Jean-Paul Sartre. However, it then turned into a more Soviet-approved newspaper by publishing articles on Vladimir Lenin's ''One Step Forward, Two Steps Back''; ''Social Realism in the Arts'' by Andrei Zhdanov; and works of Joseph Stalin such as '' Question of Nationalities'', '' Marxis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
