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Trzebień, Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Trzebień () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bolesławiec, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Gmina Bolesławiec, within Bolesławiec County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately north of Bolesławiec, and west of the regional capital Wrocław. History The village was mentioned in the ''Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis'' from , when it was part of Piast dynasty, Piast-ruled Poland. During World War II the Germans established and operated a List of subcamps of Gross-Rosen, subcamp of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp in the village, whose prisoners were about 1,700-1,800 Jews, many of whom died. Prisoners were mostly brought from other camps, including from Żagań, Zielona Góra, Görlitz, Frývaldov and Miłoszyce. At least two prisoners made unsuccessful escape attempts, for which they were executed. Around 1,000 prisoners were evacuated in February 1945 in a Death marches during the Holocaust, death march to c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nowa Sól
Nowa Sól is a city on the Oder River in Lubusz Voivodeship, western Poland. It is the capital of Nowa Sól County and had a population of 38,763 (2019). History The territory became part of the emerging Polish state in the 10th century, and following the country's fragmentation it formed part of the Duchy of Głogów since 1251, ruled by the Piast dynasty, Piast and Jagiellonian dynasty, Jagiellonian dynasties, including future Polish Kings John I Albert and Sigismund I the Old. The first mention of the settlement in the region of modern Nowa Sól dates back to the 14th century. The Latin book ''Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis'' (Polish: ''Księga uposażeń Archidiecezja wrocławska, biskupstwa wrocławskiego'') records two Slavic Polish settlements of Stare Żabno mentioned as ''Sczhabna antiqua'' and Nowe Żabno as ''Sczhabna nova''. The former is currently a suburb of Nowa Sól and the latter still exists as a village. In 1506, the territory was incorporated into ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jews
Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, religion, and community are highly interrelated, as Judaism is their ethnic religion, though it is not practiced by all ethnic Jews. Despite this, religious Jews regard Gerim, converts to Judaism as members of the Jewish nation, pursuant to the Conversion to Judaism, long-standing conversion process. The Israelites emerged from the pre-existing Canaanite peoples to establish Kingdom of Israel (Samaria), Israel and Kingdom of Judah, Judah in the Southern Levant during the Iron Age.John Day (Old Testament scholar), John Day (2005), ''In Search of Pre-Exilic Israel'', Bloomsbury Publishing, pp. 47.5 [48] 'In this sense, the emergence of ancient Israel is viewed not as the cause of the demise of Canaanite culture but as its upshot'. Originally, J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luftwaffe
The Luftwaffe () was the aerial warfare, aerial-warfare branch of the before and during World War II. German Empire, Germany's military air arms during World War I, the of the Imperial German Army, Imperial Army and the of the Imperial German Navy, Imperial Navy, had been disbanded in May 1920 in accordance with the terms of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles, which banned Germany from having any air force. During the interwar period, German pilots were trained secretly in violation of the treaty at Lipetsk (air base), Lipetsk Air Base in the Soviet Union. With the rise of the Nazi Party and the repudiation of the Versailles Treaty, the Luftwaffe's existence was publicly acknowledged and officially established on 26 February 1935, just over two weeks before open defiance of the Versailles Treaty through German rearmament and conscription would be announced on 16 March. The Condor Legion, a Luftwaffe detachment sent to aid Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalist for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helmut Bruck
Helmut Bruck (16 February 1913 – 25 August 2001) was a German pilot during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany. During his career he flew 973 missions. Awards and decorations * Iron Cross (1939) 2nd Class (13 September 1939) & 1st Class (21 May 1940)Thomas 1997, p. 85. * German Cross in Gold on 20 October 1942 as ''Hauptmann'' in the I./Sturzkampfgeschwader 77 * Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves ** Knight's Cross on 4 September 1941 as ''Hauptmann'' and ''Staffelkapitän'' in the 1./Sturzkampfgeschwader 77 ** Oak Leaves on 19 February 1943 as ''Hauptmann'' and ''Gruppenkommandeur ''Gruppenkommandeur'' is a Luftwaffe position (not rank), that is the equivalent of a commander of a group or wing in other air forces. A ''Gruppenkommandeur'' usually has the rank of Major or ''Oberstleutnant'' (Lieutenant Colonel), and comman ...'' of the I./Sturzkampfgeschwader 77Fellgiebel 2000, p. 58. Referenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A18 Autostrada (Poland)
Autostrada A18 is a short motorway in southwestern Poland which runs from the Poland, Polish/Germany, German border at Olszyna, Lubusz Voivodeship, Olszyna/Forst (Lausitz), Forst-Bademeusel (connecting with the German Bundesautobahn 15) to the Polish A4 autostrada (Poland), Autostrada A4. The highway is long and is part of the European route E36 and the Pan-European corridors, Pan-European corridor IIIA from Berlin to Wrocław. Since 2023, both carriageways are opened after reconstruction and signed as A18. Construction The 1930s (the southern carriageway) The motorway had its beginning as a single-carriageway part of Reichsautobahn, Reichsautobahn 9 (Berlin-Breslau) built by Nazi Germany in the 1930s, completed between 1936 and 1938. This route had all the features of an autobahn, built according to the standards of the time, including all the exits, viaducts and bridges. However, only a single carriageway was constructed along most of its length and space was left for co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bóbr River
The Bóbr (; ; ) is a river which flows through the north of the Czech Republic and the southwest of Poland. It is a left tributary of the Oder. Its Polish name translates directly to 'beaver'. Course The Bóbr has a length of (3 in Czech Republic, 276 in Poland, 10th longest Polish river) and a basin area of (44 in Czech Republic and 5,830 in Poland). , p. 85-86 It originates on a slope of the Rýchory mountains in the southeast of the |
2024 Central European Floods
The 2024 Central European floods were a series of floods caused by a record heavy rainfall generated by Storm Boris, an extremely humid Genoa low. The flooding began in Austria and the Czech Republic, then spread to Poland, Romania and Slovakia, and then onwards to Germany and Hungary. As of 28 September 2024, 27 fatalities have been reported. Munich Re estimates the total damage to have been ~4.2 billion euros ($4.3 billion) of which ~1.9 billion euros ($2.1 billion) were insured. By country Austria In Austria, the state of Lower Austria was affected the most, especially the central and northwestern regions, with the rivers Danube, Kamp and Traisen being the most problematic. Beforehand, most worries were focused on Ottenstein reservoir (which had to be hastily drained during the 2002 floods having added much to the damage). Houses along these rivers had to be evacuated, among them the entire villages of Rust im Tullnerfeld and Hardegg. In Vienna, the Danube could be k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buchenwald Concentration Camp
Buchenwald (; 'beech forest') was a German Nazi concentration camp established on Ettersberg hill near Weimar, Nazi Germany, Germany, in July 1937. It was one of the first and the largest of the concentration camps within the Altreich (pre-1938 Nazi Germany), Altreich (Old Reich) territories. Many actual or suspected communists were among the first internees. Prisoners came from all over Europe and the Soviet Union, and included Jews, Polish people, Poles, and other Slavs, the mentally ill, and physically disabled, political prisoners, Romani people, Roma, Freemasonry, Freemasons, and prisoners of war. There were also ordinary criminals and those perceived as sexual deviants by the Nazi regime. All prisoners worked primarily as forced labor in local armaments factories. The insufficient food and poor conditions, as well as deliberate executions, led to 56,545 deaths at Buchenwald of the 280,000 prisoners who passed through the camp and its List of subcamps of Buchenwald, 139 sub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zittau
Zittau (; ; ; ; ; Lusatian dialects, Upper Lusatian dialect: ''Sitte''; ) is the southeasternmost city in the Germany, German state of Saxony, and belongs to the Görlitz (district), district of Görlitz, Germany's easternmost Districts of Germany, district. Zittau is located in Upper Lusatia, the southern part of Lusatia, on the Mandau and Lusatian Neisse rivers, in the foreland of the Zittau Mountains. The city has a population of around 25,000 and is located directly on the western edge of the Turów Coal Mine, one of the largest artificial holes visible from Outer space, space, on the other side of the Lusatian Neisse. The ''Großes Zittauer Fastentuch'' (Great Zittau Lenten Cloth) is, along with the Bayeux Tapestry, one of the most impressive textile works in Western tradition. It is the third-largest existing Lenten veil. It was made in Zittau in 1472 and is now exhibited in the secularized ''Kreuzkirche, Zittau, Kirche zum Heiligen Kreuz'', that belongs to the Zittau Muni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Death Marches During The Holocaust
During the Holocaust, death marches () were massive forced transfers of prisoners from one Nazi camp to other locations, which involved walking long distances resulting in numerous deaths of weakened people. Most death marches took place toward the end of World War II, mostly after the summer/autumn of 1944. Hundreds of thousands of prisoners, mostly Jews, from Nazi camps near the Eastern Front were moved to camps inside Germany away from the Allied forces. Their purpose was to continue the use of prisoners' slave labour, to remove evidence of crimes against humanity, and to keep the prisoners to bargain with the Allies. Prisoners were marched to train stations, often a long way; transported for days at a time without food in freight trains; then forced to march again to a new camp. Those who lagged behind or fell were shot. The largest death march took place in January 1945. Nine days before the Soviet Red Army arrived at the Auschwitz concentration camp, the Germans mar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miłoszyce
Miłoszyce is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jelcz-Laskowice, within Oława County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately north-west of Jelcz-Laskowice, north of Oława, and south-east of the regional capital Wrocław. History Miłoszyce dates back to the Middle Ages. The oldest known mention comes from a document of Pope Innocent IV from 1245. During World War II the Germans established and operated the largest subcamp of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp in the village. Over 6,000 men, mostly Poles, but also Jews, the French, Belgians, the Dutch, Czechs, Russians, Croats The Croats (; , ) are a South Slavs, South Slavic ethnic group native to Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and other neighboring countries in Central Europe, Central and Southeastern Europe who share a common Croatian Cultural heritage, ancest ..., were imprisoned there as forced laborers. Prisoners were given very low food rations and one set ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
