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True Oyster
The Ostreidae, the true oysters, include most species of molluscs commonly consumed as oysters. Pearl oysters are not true oysters, and belong to the order Pteriida. Like scallops, true oysters have a central adductor muscle, which means the shell has a characteristic central scar marking its point of attachment. The shell tends to be irregular as a result of attaching to a substrate. Both oviparous (egg-bearing) and larviparous (larvae-bearing) species are known within Ostreidae. Both types are hermaphrodites. However, the larviparous species show a pattern of alternating sex within each individual, whereas the oviparous species are simultaneous hermaphrodites, producing either female or male gametes according to circumstances. Members of genus ''Ostrea'' generally live continually immersed and are quite flat, with roundish shells. They differ from most bivalves by having shells completely made up of calcite, but with internal muscle scars of aragonitic composition. They fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pacific Oyster
The Pacific oyster, Japanese oyster, or Miyagi oyster (''Magallana gigas'') is an oyster native to the Pacific coast of Asia. It has become an introduced species in North America, Australia, Europe, and New Zealand. Etymology The genus ''Magallana'' is named for the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan and its specific epithet ''gígās'' is from the Greek for "giant". It was placed in the genus ''Crassostrea'' until 2017; from the Latin (language), Latin ''crass'' meaning "thick", ''ostrea'' meaning "oyster". In 2017, the World Register of Marine Species, WoRMS, following the DNA-based opinion of Salvi ''et al.'', moved all pacific members of ''Crassostrea'' to ''Magallana''. Parts of the scientific community resist this change and continue to argue that ''Crassostrea gigas'' should be the proper name. They argue that Salvi's DNA sampling is incomplete, and that criteria other than the genetic sequence should have been considered. Description The shell of ''M. gigas'' varie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zygote
A zygote (; , ) is a eukaryote, eukaryotic cell (biology), cell formed by a fertilization event between two gametes. The zygote's genome is a combination of the DNA in each gamete, and contains all of the genetic information of a new individual organism. The sexual fusion of haploid cells is called karyogamy, the result of which is the formation of a Ploidy#Haploid and monoploid, diploid cell called the zygote or zygospore. History German zoologists Oscar Hertwig, Oscar and Richard Hertwig made some of the first discoveries on animal zygote formation in the late 19th century. In multicellular organisms The zygote is the earliest developmental stage. In humans and most other Anisogamy, anisogamous organisms, a zygote is formed when an egg cell and sperm, sperm cell come together to create a new unique organism. The formation of a cell potency, totipotent zygote with the potential to produce a whole organism depends on epigenetics, epigenetic reprogramming. DNA demethyla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oleg Stepanovich Vialov
Oleg (), Oleh (), or Aleh () is an East Slavic given name. The name is very common in Russia, Ukraine, and Belаrus. Origins ''Oleg'' derives from the Old Norse ''Helgi'' ( Helge), meaning "holy", "sacred", or "blessed". The feminine equivalent is Olga. While Germanic in origin, "Oleg" is not very common outside Eastern European countries, while "Helge" and "Helga" are common names in Scandinavia. Russian pronunciation Олег (Oleg) is pronounced �ˈlʲekin Russian. The English pronunciation of Oleg is based on the transliteration of the Cyrillic alphabet, and overlooks four key features of the Russian pronunciation: # The stress is on the second syllable. In spoken Russian, the initial short unstressed 'O' is reduced to � similar to the 'a' as in 'about'. # The 'л' (l) becomes palatalized to ʲ─ that is, it gains a 'y'-like quality, and but is still most closely approximated by a plain English 'l'. # The Russian letter 'e' is pronounced 'ye' as in 'yellow'. # Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Register Of Marine Species
The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive catalogue and list of names of marine organisms. Content The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scientific specialists on each group of organism. These taxonomists control the quality of the information, which is gathered from the primary scientific literature as well as from some external regional and taxon-specific databases. WoRMS maintains valid names of all marine organisms, but also provides information on synonyms and invalid names. It is an ongoing task to maintain the registry, since new species are constantly being discovered and described by scientists; in addition, the nomenclature and taxonomy of existing species is often corrected or changed as new research is constantly being published. Subsets of WoRMS content are made available, and can have separate badging and their own home/launch pages, as "subregisters", such as th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crassostrea Rhizophorae 000
''Crassostrea'' is a genus of true oysters (family Ostreidae) containing some of the most important oysters used for food. The genus was recent split in WoRMS, following the DNA-based phylogenies of Salvi ''et al.'' (2014 and 2017). Pacific species were moved to a new genus ''Magallana''. ''C. zhanjiangensis'' became '' Talonostrea zhanjiangensis''. The changes are not universally welcomed by oyster researchers, as ''C. gigas'' (now ''M. gigas'') is "one of the most researched species of marine invertebrate". Species Extant species are: Fossil species Fossil species include: * †''Crassostrea alabamiensis'' (Lea 1833) * †''Crassostrea ashleyi'' ( Hertlein 1943) (syn. ''Ostrea arnoldi'') * †''Crassostrea cahobasensis'' (Pilsbry and Brown 1910) * †''Crassostrea contracta'' (Conrad 1865) * †''Crassostrea cucullaris'' (Lamarck 1819) * †''Crassostrea cuebana'' (Jung 1974) * †''Crassostrea elegans'' (Deshayes, 1832) (syn. †''Cubitostrea elegans'' Deshayes 1832 or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seawater
Seawater, or sea water, is water from a sea or ocean. On average, seawater in the world's oceans has a salinity of about 3.5% (35 g/L, 35 ppt, 600 mM). This means that every kilogram (roughly one liter by volume) of seawater has approximately of dissolved salts (predominantly sodium () and chloride () ions). The average density at the surface is 1.025 kg/L. Seawater is denser than both fresh water and pure water (density 1.0 kg/L at ) because the dissolved salts increase the mass by a larger proportion than the volume. The freezing point of seawater decreases as salt concentration increases. At typical salinity, it freezes at about . The coldest seawater still in the liquid state ever recorded was found in 2010, in a stream under an Antarctic glacier: the measured temperature was . Seawater pH is typically limited to a range between 7.5 and 8.4. However, there is no universally accepted reference pH-scale for seawater and the difference between measuremen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aquaculture
Aquaculture (less commonly spelled aquiculture), also known as aquafarming, is the controlled cultivation ("farming") of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, mollusks, algae and other organisms of value such as aquatic plants (e.g. Nelumbo nucifera, lotus). Aquaculture involves cultivating freshwater, brackish water, and saltwater populations under controlled or semi-natural conditions and can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is the harvesting of wild fish. Aquaculture is also a practice used for restoring and rehabilitating marine and freshwater ecosystems. Mariculture, commonly known as marine farming, is aquaculture in seawater habitats and lagoons, as opposed to freshwater aquaculture. Pisciculture is a type of aquaculture that consists of fish farming to obtain Fish as food, fish products as food. Aquaculture can also be defined as the breeding, growing, and harvesting of fish and other aquatic plants, also known as farming in water. It is an environme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trophic State Index
The Trophic State Index (TSI) is a classification system designed to rate water bodies based on the amount of biological productivity they sustain. Although the term "trophic index" is commonly applied to lakes, any surface water body may be indexed. The TSI of a water body is rated on a scale from zero to one hundred. Under the TSI scale, water bodies may be defined as: * oligotrophic (TSI 0–40, having the least amount of biological productivity, "good" water quality); * mesotrophic (TSI 40–60, having a moderate level of biological productivity, "fair" water quality); or * eutrophic to hypereutrophic (TSI 60–100, having the highest amount of biological productivity, "poor" water quality). The quantities of nitrogen, phosphorus, and other biologically useful nutrients are the primary determinants of a water body's TSI. Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus tend to be limiting resources in standing water bodies, so increased concentrations tend to result in increased ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intertidal Zone
The intertidal zone or foreshore is the area above water level at low tide and underwater at high tide; in other words, it is the part of the littoral zone within the tidal range. This area can include several types of habitats with various species of life, such as sea stars, sea urchins, and many species of coral with regional differences in biodiversity. Sometimes it is referred to as the ''littoral zone'' or '' seashore'', although those can be defined as a wider region. The intertidal zone also includes steep rocky cliffs, sandy beaches, bogs or wetlands (e.g., vast mudflats). This area can be a narrow strip, such as in Pacific islands that have only a narrow tidal range, or can include many meters of shoreline where shallow beach slopes interact with high tidal excursion. The peritidal zone is similar but somewhat wider, extending from above the highest tide level to below the lowest. Organisms in the intertidal zone are well-adapted to their environment, facing high ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crassostrea
''Crassostrea'' is a genus of true oysters (family Ostreidae) containing some of the most important oysters used for food. The genus was recent split in WoRMS, following the DNA-based phylogenies of Salvi ''et al.'' (2014 and 2017). Pacific species were moved to a new genus ''Magallana ''Magallana'' is a genus of true oysters (family Ostreidae) containing some of the most important oysters used for food. Species in this genus have been moved from ''Crassostrea'' after it was found to be paraphyletic. Species Extant species a ...''. ''C. zhanjiangensis'' became '' Talonostrea zhanjiangensis''. The changes are not universally welcomed by oyster researchers, as ''C. gigas'' (now ''M. gigas'') is "one of the most researched species of marine invertebrate". Species Extant species are: Fossil species Fossil species include: * †''Crassostrea alabamiensis'' (Lea 1833) * †''Crassostrea ashleyi'' ( Hertlein 1943) (syn. ''Ostrea arnoldi'') * †''Crassostrea cahobasensis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
