|
Travail, Famille, Patrie
''Travail, famille, patrie'' was the tripartite motto of Vichy France during World War II. It had replaced the republican motto ''Liberté, égalité, fraternité'' of the Third French Republic. Institution The Law of 10 July 1940 gave Marshal Pétain full powers to draw up a constitution before being submitted to the Nation and guaranteeing "the rights of Labour, of the Family and of the Fatherland". That constitution was never promulgated. In the '' Revue des deux Mondes'' (''Two Worlds Magazine'') of 15 September 1940, Marshal Pétain wrote this repudiation of the motto of the French Republic. ''Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité'' : When our young people ��approach adult life, we shall say to them ��that real liberty cannot be exercised except under the shelter of a guiding authority, which they must respect, which they must obey �� We shall then tell them that equality houldset itself within the framework of a hierarchy, founded on the diversity of office and merits. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marxism
Marxism is a political philosophy and method of socioeconomic analysis. It uses a dialectical and materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to analyse class relations, social conflict, and social transformation. Marxism originates from the works of 19th-century German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Marxism has developed over time into various branches and schools of thought, and as a result, there is no single, definitive " Marxist theory". Marxism has had a profound effect in shaping the modern world, with various left-wing and far-left political movements taking inspiration from it in varying local contexts. In addition to the various schools of thought, which emphasize or modify elements of classical Marxism, several Marxian concepts have been incorporated into an array of social theories. This has led to widely varying conclusions. Alongside Marx's critique of political economy, the defining cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of France (1791–92)
The Kingdom of France (the remnant of the preceding absolutist Kingdom of France) was a constitutional monarchy from 3 September 1791 until 21 September 1792, when it was succeeded by the French First Republic. On 3 September 1791, the National Constituent Assembly forced King Louis XVI to accept the French Constitution of 1791, thus turning the absolute monarchy into a constitutional monarchy. After the 10 August 1792 Storming of the Tuileries Palace, the Legislative Assembly on 11 August 1792 suspended the constitutional monarchy.Fraser, 454 The freshly elected National Convention abolished the monarchy on 21 September 1792, thus, ending 203 years of consecutive Bourbon rule over France. Background Since 1789, France underwent a revolution in its government and social orders. A National Assembly declared itself into being and promulgated their intention to provide France with a fair and liberal constitution. Louis XVI moved to Paris in October of that year, but grew to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Nation, La Loi, Le Roi
''La Nation, la Loi, le Roi'' () was the national motto of France during the constitutional period of the French monarchy, and is an example of a tripartite motto – much like the popular revolutionary slogan; ''Liberté, égalité, fraternité''. The motto itself was featured on the French Constitution of 1791 – and also on the currency of the period. Retrieved on 3 January 2018. See also * *Nation, Religion, King
''N ...
[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Political Slogans
Slogan, Slogans and Catchphrase, catchphrases are used by politicians, political parties, militaries, activists, and protestors to express or encourage particular beliefs or actions. List International usage * Better dead than RedAnti-communism, anti-Communist slogan * Black is beautifulpolitical slogan of a cultural movement that began in the 1960s by African Americans * Black Lives Matterdecentralized social movement that began in 2013 following the Trial of George Zimmerman, acquittal of George Zimmerman in Killing of Trayvon Martin, the shooting death of African American teen Trayvon Martin; popularized in the United States following 2014 Ferguson unrest, protests in Ferguson, Missouri, and internationally following 2020 George Floyd protests * Black Power, Black powerslogan and a name for various associated ideologies associated with self-determination for black people; popularized by Stokely Carmichael in the 1960s * Blood and soilnationalist slogan for Racial policy of N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Armistice At Compiègne
The Armistice of 22 June 1940, sometimes referred to as the Second Armistice at Compiègne, was an agreement signed at 18:36 on 22 June 1940 near Compiègne, France by officials of Nazi Germany and the French Third Republic. It became effective at midnight on 25 June. Signatories for Germany included Wilhelm Keitel, a senior military officer of the Wehrmacht (the German armed forces), while those on the French side held lower ranks, including general Charles Huntziger. Following the decisive German victory in the Battle of France, the armistice established German military administration in occupied France during World War II, a German occupation zone in Northern and Western France that encompassed about three-fifths of Metropolitan France, France's European territory, including all English Channel and Atlantic Ocean ports. The remainder of the country was to be left unoccupied, although Vichy France, the new regime that replaced the Third Republic was mutually recognised as the l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Winston Churchill
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British statesman, military officer, and writer who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 (Winston Churchill in the Second World War, during the Second World War) and again from 1951 to 1955. For some 62 of the years between 1900 and 1964, he was a Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), member of parliament (MP) and represented a total of five Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, constituencies over that time. Ideologically an adherent to economic liberalism and imperialism, he was for most of his career a member of the Conservative Party (UK), Conservative Party, which he led from 1940 to 1955. He was a member of the Liberal Party (UK), Liberal Party from 1904 to 1924. Of mixed English and American parentage, Churchill was born in Oxfordshire into the wealthy, aristocratic Spencer family. He joined the British Army in 1895 and saw action in British R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Britain
Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-west coast of continental Europe, consisting of the countries England, Scotland, and Wales. With an area of , it is the largest of the British Isles, the List of European islands by area, largest European island, and the List of islands by area, ninth-largest island in the world. It is dominated by a maritime climate with narrow temperature differences between seasons. The island of Ireland, with an area 40 per cent that of Great Britain, is to the west – these islands, along with over List of islands of the British Isles, 1,000 smaller surrounding islands and named substantial rocks, comprise the British Isles archipelago. Connected to mainland Europe until 9,000 years ago by a land bridge now known as Doggerland, Great Britain has been inhabited by modern humans for around 30,000 years. In 2011, it had a population of about , making it the world's List of islands by population, third-most-populous islan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Maurras
Charles-Marie-Photius Maurras (; ; 20 April 1868 – 16 November 1952) was a French author, politician, poet and critic. He was an organiser and principal philosopher of ''Action Française'', a political movement that was monarchist, corporatism, corporatist and counter-revolutionary. Maurras also held anti-capitalism, anti-capitalist, anti-communist, Liberalism#Criticism, anti-liberal, Anti-Masonry, anti-Masonic, anti-Nazism, Nazi, anti-Protestant and anti-Semitic, antisemitic views. His ideas greatly influenced National Catholicism and integral nationalism, and led to the political doctrine of ''Maurrassisme''. Raised Roman Catholic, Maurras went deaf and became an Agnosticism, agnostic in his youth, but remained anti-secularist and politically supportive of the Catholic Church. An Orléanist, he began his career by writing literary criticism and became politically active as a leading anti-Dreyfusard. In 1926 Pope Pius XI issued a controversial Papal condemnation of Action Fra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Nationalism
French nationalism () usually manifests as civic nationalism, civic or cultural nationalism, promoting the cultural unity of France. History French nationalism emerged during the Hundred Years' War, which consisted of a series of intermittent conflicts with the Kingdom of England. The wars produced a great icon of French nationalism, Joan of Arc. The Catholic Church also played a major role after the Protestant Reformation. French nationalism became a powerful movement after the French Revolution in 1789. Napoleon Bonaparte promoted French nationalism based upon the ideals of the French Revolution such as the idea of ''Liberté, égalité, fraternité, liberty, equality, fraternity'' and justified French expansionism and French military campaigns on the claim that France had the right to spread the Age of Enlightenment, enlightened ideals of the French Revolution across Europe, and also to expand France into its so-called "natural borders of France, natural borders." Napoleon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marc Ferro
Marc Ferro (; 24 December 1924 – 21 April 2021) was a French historian. Author of several books, including '' The Use and Abuse of History''. Life and career Marc Ferro was born in Paris to a Greek-Italian father and a Russian-born Jewish mother (née Firdmann (Oudia)), who died in Auschwitz in June 1943. Ferro worked on early twentieth-century European history, specialising in the history of Russia and the USSR, as well as the history of cinema. He was Director of Studies in Social Sciences at the École des hautes études en sciences sociales. He was a co-director of the French review ''Annales'' and co-editor of the ''Journal of Contemporary History.'' He also directed and presented television documentaries on the rise of the Nazis, Lenin and the Russian revolution and on the representation of history in cinema. Ferro died from COVID-19 complications in Maisons-Laffitte in April 2021, at the age of 96. Honours and awards Honours * Knight of the Legion of Honour * O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
