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Trained (vine)
The use of vine training systems in viticulture is aimed primarily to assist in canopy management with finding the balance in enough foliage to facilitate photosynthesis without excessive shading that could impede grape ripening or promote grape diseases. Additional benefits of utilizing particular training systems could be to control potential yields and to facilitate mechanization of certain vineyard tasks such as pruning, irrigation, applying pesticide or fertilizing sprays as well as harvesting the grapes.J. Robinson (ed) ''"The Oxford Companion to Wine"'' Third Edition pg 134-230, 300-341, 399-413, 551-553, 617-634, 661-692, 706-733 Oxford University Press 2006 In deciding on what type of vine training system to use, growers also consider the climate conditions of the vineyard where the amount of sunlight, humidity and wind could have a large impact on the exact benefits the training system offers. For instance, while having a large spread out canopy (such as what the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vouvray Vineyard After Budbreak
Vouvray (, , ) is a Communes of France, commune in the Indre-et-Loire Departments of France, department in central France. It is around 9 km east of the centre of Tours. It is best known for its production of Vouvray (wine), white wine, rated among the best in France. Population Education Schools include a public preschool; a public elementary school, Ecole élémentaire publique de Vouvray; a public junior high school, Collège public Gaston Huet; and a private elementary and junior high school, Ecole et Collège Sainte Thérèse à Vouvray. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Appellation D'origine Contrôlée
In France, the ''appellation d'origine contrôlée'' (, ; abbr. AOC ) is a label that identifies an agricultural product whose stages of production and processing are carried out in a defined geographical area – the ''terroir'' – and using recognized and traditional know-how. The specificity of an AOC product is determined by the combination of a physical and biological environment with established production techniques transmitted within a human community. Together, these give the product its distinctive qualities. The defining technical and geographic factors are set forth in standards for each product, including wines, cheeses and meats. Other countries and the European Union have similar labeling systems. The European Union's protected designation of origin (PDO and PGI) system has harmonized the protection of all geographical indications and their registration. When labelling wine however, producers may still use recognized traditional terms like AOC, and are not requ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
California Wine
California wine production has a rich viticulture history since 1680 when Spanish Jesuit missionaries planted ''Vitis vinifera'' vines native to the Mediterranean region in their established missions to produce wine for religious services. In the 1770s, Spanish missionaries continued the practice under the direction of the Father Junípero Serra who planted California's first vineyard at Mission San Juan Capistrano. Its contemporary wine production grew steadily since the end of Prohibition, but mostly known for its sweet, port-style and jug wine products. As the market favored French brands, California's table wine business grew modestly, Taber (2005), p40 but quickly gained international prominence at the Paris Wine Tasting of 1976, when renowned French oenophiles, in a blind tasting, ranked the California wines higher than the premier French labels in the Chardonnay (white) and Cabernet Sauvignon (red) categories. Taber (2005), pp216–220 The result caused a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old World Wine
Old World wine refers primarily to wine made in Europe but can also include other regions of the Mediterranean basin with long histories of winemaking such as North Africa and the Near East. The phrase is often used in contrast to " New World wine" which refers primarily to wines from New World wine regions such as Japan, the United States, Canada, Mexico, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, Argentina, Chile and South Africa. The term "Old World wine" does not refer to a homogeneous style with "Old World wine regions" like Austria, France, Georgia, Germany, Israel, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Spain and Switzerland each making vastly different styles of wine even within their own borders. Rather, the term is used to describe general differences in viticulture and winemaking philosophies between the Old World regions where tradition and the role of ''terroir'' lead versus the New World where science and the role of the winemaker are more often emphasized. In recent times, the globalizat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New World Wine
New World wines are those wines produced outside the traditional winegrowing areas of Europe and the Middle East, in particular from Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Japan (primarily Tokachi), Mexico, New Zealand, South Africa and the United States (primarily California). The phrase connotes a distinction between these "New World" wines and those wines produced in "Old World" countries with a long-established history of wine production, essentially in Europe and the Middle East, most notably: France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Romania, Georgia, and Switzerland. Both the quantity and quality of New World wine production have increased greatly since about 1970. Outside their home markets, New World wines can be said to have been very successful in exports to non-wine producing countries, above all the United Kingdom, and also to North America. But they have achieved relatively little penetration in old wine-making countries such as France and Italy. History Earl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wine Law
Wine laws are legislation regulating various aspects of production and sales of wine. The purpose of wine laws includes combating wine fraud, by means of regulated protected designations of origin, labelling practices and classification of wine, as well as regulating allowed additives and procedures in winemaking and viticulture.J. Robinson (ed), ''"The Oxford Companion to Wine"'', Third Edition, p. 395, Oxford University Press 2006, Legislation affecting all kinds of alcohol beverages, such as the legal drinking age and licensing practices related to distribution and sales, are usually not considered wine laws. Wine is regulated by regional, state, and local laws. The laws and their relative rigidity differ for New World and Old World wines. Old World wines tend to have more stringent regulations than New World wines. Various wine laws, however, may include appellation-based regulations that cover boundaries as well as permitted grape varieties and winemaking practice-such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pliny The Elder
Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23/24 79), known in English as Pliny the Elder ( ), was a Roman Empire, Roman author, Natural history, naturalist, and naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of the Roman emperor, emperor Vespasian. He wrote the encyclopedic (''Natural History''), a comprehensive thirty-seven-volume work covering a vast array of topics on human knowledge and the natural world, which became an editorial model for encyclopedias. He spent most of his spare time studying, writing, and investigating natural and geographic phenomena in the field. Among Pliny's greatest works was the twenty-volume ''Bella Germaniae'' ("The History of the German Wars"), which is Lost literary work, no longer extant. ''Bella Germaniae'', which began where Aufidius Bassus' ''Libri Belli Germanici'' ("The War with the Germans") left off, was used as a source by other prominent Roman historians, including Plutarch, Tacitus, and Suetonius. Tacitus may have used ''Bella Ger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Columella
Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (, Arabic: ) was a prominent Roman writer on agriculture in the Roman Empire. His in twelve volumes has been completely preserved and forms an important source on Roman agriculture and ancient Roman cuisine, cuisine, together with the works of Cato the Elder and Marcus Terentius Varro, both of which he occasionally cites. A smaller book on trees, , is usually attributed to him. In 1794 the Spanish botanists Ruiz y Pavón, José Antonio Pavón Jiménez and Hipólito Ruiz López named a genus of Peruvian asterids, asterid ''Columellia'' in his honour. Life Little is known of Columella's life. He was probably born in Cádiz, Gades, Hispania Baetica (modern Cádiz), possibly to Roman parents. After a career in the army (he was tribune in Syria (Roman province), Syria in 35 AD), he turned to farming his estates at Ardea, Lazio, Ardea, Carsoli, Carseoli, and Alba Longa, Alba in Latium. Works ''De re rustica'' In ancient times, Columella's wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Rome And Wine
Ancient Rome played a pivotal role in the history of wine, history of wine. The earliest influences on the viticulture of the Italian Peninsula can be traced to Ancient Greece and wine, ancient Greeks and the Etruscan civilization, Etruscans. The rise of the Roman Empire saw both technological advances in and burgeoning awareness of winemaking, which spread to all parts of the empire. Rome's influence has had a profound effect on the histories of today's major winemaking regions in French wine, France, German wine, Germany, Italian wine, Italy, Portuguese wine, Portugal and Spanish wine, Spain. The Roman belief that wine was a daily necessity made the drink "Social class in ancient Rome, democratic" and ubiquitous; in various qualities, it was available to slaves, peasants and Aristocracy (class), aristocrats, men and women alike. To ensure the steady supply of wine to Roman soldiers and colonists, viticulture and wine production spread to every part of the empire. The economic o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Wine
Italian wine () is produced in every region of Italy. Italy is the country with the widest variety of indigenous grapevine in the world, with an area of under vineyard cultivation, as well as the List of wine-producing regions#Countries, world's largest wine producer and the largest exporter . Contributing 49.8 million Hectolitre, hl of wine in 2022, Italy accounted for over 19.3% of global production, ahead of French wine, France (17.7%) and Spanish wine, Spain (13.8%); the following year, production decreased by 11.5 million hl, and Italy was surpassed by France. Italian wine is also popular domestically among Italians, who consume a yearly average of 46.8 litres per capita, ranking third in world wine consumption. The origins of viticulture, vine-growing and winemaking in Italy has been illuminated by recent research, stretching back even before the Phoenicians and wine, Phoenician, Etruscans and Ancient Greece and wine, Greek settlers, who produced wine in Italy before Ancien ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Greece And Wine
The influence of wine in ancient Greece helped ancient Greece trade with neighboring countries and regions. Many mannerisms and cultural aspects were associated with wine. It led to great change in Ancient Greece as well. The ancient Greeks pioneered new methods of viticulture and wine production that they shared with early winemaking communities in what are now France, Italy, Austria and Russia, as well as others, through trade and colonization. Along the way, they markedly influenced the ancient European winemaking cultures of the Celts, Etruscans, Scythians and ultimately the Romans.J. Robinson (ed) ''"The Oxford Companion to Wine"'' Third Edition pp. 326–329 Oxford University Press 2006 Origins Viticulture has existed in Greece since the late Neolithic period, with domestic cultivation becoming widespread by the early Bronze Age. Through trade with ancient Egypt, the Minoan civilization on Crete was introduced to Egyptian winemaking methods, an influence most like ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phoenicians And Wine
The culture of the ancient Phoenicians was one of the first to have had a significant effect on the history of wine. Phoenicia was a civilization centered in current day Lebanon. Between 1550 BC and 300 BC, the Phoenicians developed a Thalassocracy, maritime trading culture that expanded their influence from the Levant to North Africa, the Greek Isles, Sicily, and the Iberian Peninsula. Through contact and trade, they spread not only their History of the alphabet#Semitic alphabet, alphabet but also their knowledge of viticulture and winemaking, including the propagation of several ancestral varieties of the ''Vitis vinifera'' species of wine grapes. They either introduced or encouraged the dissemination of wine knowledge to several regions that today continue to produce wine suitable for international consumption. These include modern-day Lebanon (wine), Lebanon, Syria, Algeria (wine), Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt (wine), Egypt, Greece (wine), Greece, Italy (wine), Italy, Spain (wine), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
